- Email: [email protected]
Blasting a road tunnel Japanese style
190A breakouts occur in the upper 2500m. but drilling fluid induced hydraulic fractures are found at all depths. Core disking occurred abruptly at 3575m, corresponding to a change from layered gneiss to weakly textured amphibolite.
hardness, compressive strength, cuttability index, and either Schmidt hammer or Shore schleroscope hardness tir'nesRQD to the power 2/3. These data will be of great use when plar,~ ning the Metro project,
Tunnels
913481 TBM fit to take on Mount Etna Wallis, S Tunn Tunnlg V22. Nil, Not' 1990, P19-21
See also." 913225. 913359 913477 Excavation of the Ridracoli hydraulic tunnels using a double shield TBM Grandori, R; Lembo-Fazio, A; Ribacchi, R Rock Mech Rock Engng 1/23, N3, July-Sept 1990. P141-165 Tunnels from the Ridracoli reservoir run through Miocene flysch with regular alternations of sandstones, siltstones, and marls. A full face telescopic double-shield Robbins !18.221 TBM was selected for most of the Corniolo and Isola tunnels. Mechanical characteristics of the rock are described. Support specified was split set bolts plus provisional lining for areas of poor rock. Difficulties met, including steering problems, telescopic joint problems, and crossing fault zones, are described. Tunnelling performance and cutter wear data are presented. The versatility of the chosen machine in varying rock conditions was demonstrated by its performance. 913478 NATM passes under federal rail tracks Wallis, S Tunn Tunnlg I,'22. NIO. Oct 1990, P19-22 Most of the Bonn Metro is under construction using cut and cover methods, except for a short length under busy railway tracks. For this, the sidewall drift NATM has been specified. The tunnel lies in loose, dry gravel in the top 16m of ground above the water table. Cover is as low as 4m. Considerable skill and experience were employed in tunnelling without excessive surface ground movement, l m cycles with forepoling were used. Construction and support sequences are described. Settlements of 25ram are less than those predicted by finite element analysis. 913479 Blasting a road tunnel Japanese style Martin. D Tunn Tunnlg V22. NIO, Oct 1990, P25-26 The 4km long Happusan tunnel is being driven by drill and blast through hard tuff and andesite rock. A pilot tunnel, 4m high by 5m wide, was first driven full face. The main tunnel, horseshoe shaped with area about 80 sq m, is driven some 40m behind as a top heading and a 2m high bench. The Japanese method is used, drilling and blasting a heading round, then drilling and blasting a second heading round and a double depth bench section concurrently. Equipment used is European. 913480 Roadheaders glean valuable tips for Istanbul Metro Bilgin. N; Seyrek. T; Erding, E; Shahriar, K Tunn Tunnlg V22. NIO, Oct 1990. P29-32 The six tunnels of the North and South Golden Horn sewer scheme in lstanbul were driven by shield mounted roadheaders through shale, mudstone, sandstone, siltstone, and conglomerate rocks. Data collected have allowed the following correlations to be studied: impact penetration value with advance rate or with compressive strength times RQD, and advance rate with Schmidt hammer or Shore schleroscope
Hard rock tunnelling is often complicated by running into bad ground. The Atlas Copco Jarva Mk 18 TBM has been designed with 4 extra disc cutters on folding arms behind the cutterhead, to allow overcutting of the tunnel and installation of immediate support in poor ground. It has been used in a project tunnelling into the base of Mount Etna to collect groundwater seeping through upper porous volcanic layers. Earlier attempts using drill and blast had failed in areas of high water inflow and mixed face conditions. The TBM uses AC variable speed motors of the PWM type, 913482 Redesigned Hydroshleld gives boulders short shrift Wallis, S Tunn Tunnlg Autumn 1990, Special Issue. Soft Ground Tunnelling, P33-34 An improved Hydroshield, incorporating a 45cm x 100cm jaw type stone crusher and using a compressed air regulated bentonite slurry for face support, was used to drive the second of the Berlin Metro tunnels. The initial machine encountered problems because of large boulders in the clay and with pressurised water-bearing sand lenses. Extensive ground treatment was necessary to prevent surface settlement and possible structural damage. Machine down time due to boulders was much reduced using the modified machine. 913483 Drinking water for London Clarke, 1 World Tunnlg V3. NS, Oct 1990. P333-337 A 2.5m diameter ring main system is under construction to provide London's future water requirements. Average depth is 40m, length may total 140km. Ground investigation had several distinct phases. Optimum shaft sites were selected, then preliminary route selected by desktop study. Construction is by full face TBM. The machine chosen has capability to act in an EPBS mode where required. Some experiences to date are described, including freezing operations to allow rescue of a TBM from a flooded section in Thanet Sand beds, EPBM operation, and tunnel lining. 913484 Deformation monitoring of a rock mass subjected to elevated temperatures and pressures Wood, D F; Hammett, R D; Stokes, A W; Haston, J A Rock Afechanics Contributions and Challenges: Proc 31st US Symposium, Golden, 18-20 June 1990 P59-66. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1990 The Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority (AOSTRA) Underground Test Facility (UTF) is being used to examine feasibility of exploiting the Athabasca oil sands, A shaft has been sunk to competent Devonian Waterways Formation limestone beneath the sands, and nearly Ikm of UTF tunnels excavated. Bitumen extraction is enhanced by steam injection. Regions near the injection wellheads have been instrumented, and deformations over the first 2 years monitored. Stability of the openings is unchanged.
~ 1991 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted
hardness, compressive strength, cuttability index, and either Schmidt hammer or Shore schleroscope hardness tir'nesRQD to the power 2/3. These data will be of great use when plar,~ ning the Metro project,
Tunnels
913481 TBM fit to take on Mount Etna Wallis, S Tunn Tunnlg V22. Nil, Not' 1990, P19-21
See also." 913225. 913359 913477 Excavation of the Ridracoli hydraulic tunnels using a double shield TBM Grandori, R; Lembo-Fazio, A; Ribacchi, R Rock Mech Rock Engng 1/23, N3, July-Sept 1990. P141-165 Tunnels from the Ridracoli reservoir run through Miocene flysch with regular alternations of sandstones, siltstones, and marls. A full face telescopic double-shield Robbins !18.221 TBM was selected for most of the Corniolo and Isola tunnels. Mechanical characteristics of the rock are described. Support specified was split set bolts plus provisional lining for areas of poor rock. Difficulties met, including steering problems, telescopic joint problems, and crossing fault zones, are described. Tunnelling performance and cutter wear data are presented. The versatility of the chosen machine in varying rock conditions was demonstrated by its performance. 913478 NATM passes under federal rail tracks Wallis, S Tunn Tunnlg I,'22. NIO. Oct 1990, P19-22 Most of the Bonn Metro is under construction using cut and cover methods, except for a short length under busy railway tracks. For this, the sidewall drift NATM has been specified. The tunnel lies in loose, dry gravel in the top 16m of ground above the water table. Cover is as low as 4m. Considerable skill and experience were employed in tunnelling without excessive surface ground movement, l m cycles with forepoling were used. Construction and support sequences are described. Settlements of 25ram are less than those predicted by finite element analysis. 913479 Blasting a road tunnel Japanese style Martin. D Tunn Tunnlg V22. NIO, Oct 1990, P25-26 The 4km long Happusan tunnel is being driven by drill and blast through hard tuff and andesite rock. A pilot tunnel, 4m high by 5m wide, was first driven full face. The main tunnel, horseshoe shaped with area about 80 sq m, is driven some 40m behind as a top heading and a 2m high bench. The Japanese method is used, drilling and blasting a heading round, then drilling and blasting a second heading round and a double depth bench section concurrently. Equipment used is European. 913480 Roadheaders glean valuable tips for Istanbul Metro Bilgin. N; Seyrek. T; Erding, E; Shahriar, K Tunn Tunnlg V22. NIO, Oct 1990. P29-32 The six tunnels of the North and South Golden Horn sewer scheme in lstanbul were driven by shield mounted roadheaders through shale, mudstone, sandstone, siltstone, and conglomerate rocks. Data collected have allowed the following correlations to be studied: impact penetration value with advance rate or with compressive strength times RQD, and advance rate with Schmidt hammer or Shore schleroscope
Hard rock tunnelling is often complicated by running into bad ground. The Atlas Copco Jarva Mk 18 TBM has been designed with 4 extra disc cutters on folding arms behind the cutterhead, to allow overcutting of the tunnel and installation of immediate support in poor ground. It has been used in a project tunnelling into the base of Mount Etna to collect groundwater seeping through upper porous volcanic layers. Earlier attempts using drill and blast had failed in areas of high water inflow and mixed face conditions. The TBM uses AC variable speed motors of the PWM type, 913482 Redesigned Hydroshleld gives boulders short shrift Wallis, S Tunn Tunnlg Autumn 1990, Special Issue. Soft Ground Tunnelling, P33-34 An improved Hydroshield, incorporating a 45cm x 100cm jaw type stone crusher and using a compressed air regulated bentonite slurry for face support, was used to drive the second of the Berlin Metro tunnels. The initial machine encountered problems because of large boulders in the clay and with pressurised water-bearing sand lenses. Extensive ground treatment was necessary to prevent surface settlement and possible structural damage. Machine down time due to boulders was much reduced using the modified machine. 913483 Drinking water for London Clarke, 1 World Tunnlg V3. NS, Oct 1990. P333-337 A 2.5m diameter ring main system is under construction to provide London's future water requirements. Average depth is 40m, length may total 140km. Ground investigation had several distinct phases. Optimum shaft sites were selected, then preliminary route selected by desktop study. Construction is by full face TBM. The machine chosen has capability to act in an EPBS mode where required. Some experiences to date are described, including freezing operations to allow rescue of a TBM from a flooded section in Thanet Sand beds, EPBM operation, and tunnel lining. 913484 Deformation monitoring of a rock mass subjected to elevated temperatures and pressures Wood, D F; Hammett, R D; Stokes, A W; Haston, J A Rock Afechanics Contributions and Challenges: Proc 31st US Symposium, Golden, 18-20 June 1990 P59-66. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1990 The Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority (AOSTRA) Underground Test Facility (UTF) is being used to examine feasibility of exploiting the Athabasca oil sands, A shaft has been sunk to competent Devonian Waterways Formation limestone beneath the sands, and nearly Ikm of UTF tunnels excavated. Bitumen extraction is enhanced by steam injection. Regions near the injection wellheads have been instrumented, and deformations over the first 2 years monitored. Stability of the openings is unchanged.
~ 1991 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted