- Email: [email protected]
Bleaching in Endodontics: An Online Study Guide
Online Study Guide
Bleaching in Endodontics: An Online Study Guide Abstract The Editorial Board of the Journal of Endodontics has developed a literature-based study guide of topical areas related to endodontics. This study guide is intended to give the reader a focused review of the essential endodontic literature and does not cite all possible articles related to each topic. Although citing all articles would be comprehensive, it would defeat the idea of a study guide. This section presents bleaching of endodontically treated teeth, bleaching of teeth with vital pulps, and cervical resorption associated with bleaching. (J Endod 2008;34:e111– e116)
Correspondence: JOE Editorial Board [email protected] 0099-2399/$0 - see front matter Copyright © 2008 by the American Association of Endodontists. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2007.08.003
Introduction The delivery of high quality clinical care requires a thorough understanding of the endodontic literature. The Editorial Board of the Journal of Endodontics has developed this online study guide for endodontists and fellow clinicians interested in endodontics. There are several potential applications for an online study guide. First, an online study guide permits clinicians to focus in on particular areas of endodontics where they can quickly review key papers devoted to one particular topic. For example, this particular study guide provides a summary of key papers in the area of bleaching of endodontically treated teeth, bleaching of teeth with vital pulps, and cervical resorption associated with bleaching. Second, a study guide permits speakers to efficiently review background material in preparation for future courses, lectures, or continuing educational events. Third, an online study guide permits students to review key papers in preparation for future examinations or for development of residency seminars. Fourth, an online study guide permits readers to quickly and efficiently access either the abstract or the entire paper cited in the Tables (see Discussion for details).
Methods One potential problem in developing an online study guide was to provide a summary of major papers that contributed to a given topic area. The inclusion of all possible papers on a given topic would lead to an unwieldy collection that failed to clearly identify key papers in the area. Of course, exclusion of key papers is also problematic. To address this issue, the JOE Editorial Board developed the overall list of topics to be covered and then for each topic generated an initial tabulation of key historical and contemporary papers on that topic. This list was then sent to two outside reviewers who were both experienced educators and Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. These reviewers then recommended additions and deletions of papers to the proposed topic list. To maintain currency, the JOE Editorial Board proposes to periodically update each topical study guide by using the same peer-reviewed process as described above.
Results The results of the study guide (1– 46) for bleaching of endodontically treated teeth, bleaching of teeth with vital pulps, and cervical resorption associated with bleaching are given in Tables 1-3.
Discussion The journey to clinical excellence requires not only outstanding clinical skills, but also that special knowledge that accrues from a study of the endodontic literature. The purpose of the JOE online study guide is to serve as one source for efficiently reviewing key papers that are organized by topic area and presented with the advantages of online Internet technology. Although JOE readers are undoubtedly familiar with many aspects of the Internet, there are special features available at JOE online that provide particular advantages in their application for a study guide. For example, if this particular study guide is downloaded as a pdf, it provides a useful but static listing of the cited articles. On the other hand, if the reader navigates to the Table of Contents page for the Online Study Guide and then clicks on “Full Text” (Fig. 1), they will be taken to an HTML version of the Study Guide. This online version of the study guide has special capabilities including the fact that the references are hyperlinked. Thus, the reader can quickly obtain abstracts of nearly all cited papers and can review the entire paper of many of the cited papers with
JOE — Volume 34, Number 5S, May 2008
e111
Online Study Guide only a few clicks of their mouse (Fig. 2). Thus, combining a study guide with online capabilities provides particular benefits for efficiently reviewing key papers in the endodontic literature. We hope that this Study Guide will prove useful to you as one
source for developing a focused and special base of endodontic knowledge. As always, we are interested in your thoughts on this initiative and how the JOE can better serve you, our readers. Feel free to email us at: [email protected].
TABLE 1. Bleaching of Endodontically Treated Teeth Ref #
Title
1.
Spasser HF. A simple bleaching technique using sodium perborate. N Y State Dent J 1961;27:332–4. Nutting EB, Poe GS. A new combination for bleaching teeth. J So Calif Dent Soc 1963;31:289–91. Brown G. Factors influencing successful bleaching of the discolored root-filled tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1965;238–44. Howell RA. The prognosis of bleached root-filled teeth. Int Endod J 1981;14:22–6. Freccia WF, Peters DD, Lorton L, Bernier WE. An in vitro comparison of nonvital bleaching techniques in the discolored tooth. J Endod 1982;8:70–7. Feiglin B. A 6-year recall study of clinically chemically bleached teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pahtol 1987;63:610–3. Holmstrup G, Palm AM, Lambjerg-Hansen H. Bleaching of discoloured root-filled teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:197–201. Rotstein I, Zalkind M, Mor C, Tarabeah A, Friedman S. In vitro efficacy of sodium perborate preparations used for intracoronal bleaching of discolored non-vital teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1991;7:177–80. Rotstein I, Mor C, Friedman S. Prognosis of intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate preparations in vitro: 1-year study. J Endod 1993;19:10–2. Steiner DR, West JD. A method to determine the location and shape of an intracoronal bleach barrier. J Endod 1994;20:304–6. Friedman S. Internal bleaching: long-term outcomes and complications. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):51S–5S. Attin T, Paque F, Ajam F, Lennon AM. Review of the current status of tooth whitening with the walking bleach technique. Int Endod J 2003;36:313–29. Amato M, Scaravilli MS, Farella M, Riccitiello F. Bleaching teeth treated endodontically: long-term evaluation of a case series. J Endod 2006;32:376–8.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
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JOE — Volume 34, Number 5S, May 2008
Online Study Guide TABLE 2. Bleaching of Teeth with Vital Pulps Ref #
Title
14.
Bailey RW, Christen, AG. Bleaching of vital teeth stained with endemic dental fluorosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1968;26:871–8. Cohen S, Parkins FM. Bleaching tetracycline-stained vital teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1970;29:465–71. Arens DE, Rich JJ, Healey HJ. A practical method of bleaching tetracycline-stained teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972;34:812–7. Cohen SC. Human pulpal response to bleaching procedures on vital teeth. J Endod 1979;5:134–8. Robertson WD, Melfi RC. Pulpal response to vital bleaching procedures. J Endod 1980;6:645–9. Wayman BE, Cooley RL. Vital bleaching technique for treatment of endemic fluorosis. Gen Dent 1981;29:424–7. Abou-Rass M. The elimination of tetracycline discoloration by intentional endodontics and internal bleaching. J Endod 1982;8:101–6. Walton RE, O’Dell NL, Myers DL, Lake FT, Shimp RG. External bleaching of tetracycline stained teeth in dogs. J Endod 1982;8:536–42. Walton RE, O’Dell NL, Lake FT, Shimp RG. Internal bleaching of tetracycline-stained teeth in dogs. J Endod 1983;9:416–20. Lake FT, O’Dell NL, Walton RE. The effect of internal bleaching on tetracycline in dentin. J Endod 1985;11:415–20. Croll TP, Cavanaugh RR. Enamel color modification by controlled hydrochloric acid-pumice abrasion: I—technique and examples. Quintessence Int 1986;17:81–7. Croll TP, Cavanaugh RR. Hydrochloric acid-pumice enamel surface abrasion for color modification: results after six months. Quintessence Int 1986;17:335–41. Croll TP. Enamel microabrasion: the technique. Quintessence Int 1989;20:395–400. McEvoy SA. Chemical agents for removing intrinsic stains from vital teeth: I—technique development. Quintessence Int 1989;20:323–8. McEvoy SA. Chemical agents for removing intrinsic stains from vital teeth: II—current techniques and their clinical application. Quintessence Int 1989;20:379–84. Haywood VB. Nightguard vital bleaching: current concepts and research. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):19S–25S. Croll TP. Enamel microabrasion: observations after 10 years. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):45S–50S.
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
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Online Study Guide TABLE 3. Cervical Resorption Associated With Bleaching Ref #
Title
31.
Harrington GW, Natkin E. External resorption associated with bleaching of pulpless teeth. J Endod 1979;5:344–8. Lado EA, Stanley HR, Weisman MI. Cervical resorption in bleached teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983;55:78–80. Montgomery S. External cervical resorption after bleaching a pulpless tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;57:203–6. Cvek M, Lindvall AM. External root resorption following bleaching of pulpless teeth with oxygen peroxide. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1:56–60. Latcham NL. Postbleaching cervical resorption. J Endod 1986;12:262–4. Kehoe JC. pH reversal following in vitro bleaching of pulpless teeth. J Endod 1987;13:6–9. Friedman S, Rotstein I, Libfeld H, Stabholz A, Heling I. Incidence of external root resorption and esthetic results in 58 bleached pulpless teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:23–6. Friedman S. Surgical-restorative treatment of bleaching-related external root resorption. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989;5:63–7. Gimlin DR, Schindler WG. The management of postbleaching cervical resorption. J Endod 1990;16:292–7. Madison S, Walton R. Cervical root resorption following bleaching of endodontically treated teeth. J Endod 1990;16:570–4. Rotstein I, Friedman S. pH variation among materials used for intracoronal bleaching. J Endod1991;17:376–9. Rotstein I, Zyskind D, Lewinstein I, Bamberger N. Effect of different protective base materials on hydrogen peroxide leakage during intracoronal bleaching in vitro. J Endod 1992;18:114–7. Smith JJ, Cunningham CJ, Montgomery S. Cervical canal leakage after internal bleaching procedures. J Endod 1992;18:476–81. Rotstein I, Lehr Z, Gedalia I. Effect of bleaching agents on inorganic components of human dentin and cementum. J Endod 1992;18:290–3. Heithersay GS, Dahlstrom SW, Marin PD. Incidence of invasive cervical resorption in bleached root-filled teeth. Aust Dent J 1994;39:82–7. Jimenez-Rubio A, Segura JJ. The effect of the bleaching agent sodium perborate on macrophage adhesion in vitro: implications in external cervical root resorption. J Endod 1998;24:229–32.
32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
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JOE — Volume 34, Number 5S, May 2008
Online Study Guide
Figure 1. Navigation to HTML version.
Figure 2. Hyperlink to References.
References 1. Spasser HF. A simple bleaching technique using sodium perborate. N Y State Dent J 1961;27:332– 4. 2. Nutting EB, Poe GS. A new combination for bleaching teeth. J So Calif Dent Soc 1963;31:289 –91. 3. Brown G. Factors influencing successful bleaching of the discolored root-filled tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1965;23844. 4. Howell RA. The prognosis of bleached root-filled teeth. Int Endod J 1981;14:22– 6. 5. Freccia WF, Peters DD, Lorton L, Bernier WE. An in vitro comparison of nonvital bleaching techniques in the discolored tooth. J Endod 1982;8:70 –7. 6. Feiglin B. A 6-year recall study of clinically chemically bleached teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pahtol 1987;63:610 –3. 7. Holmstrup G, Palm AM, Lambjerg-Hansen H. Bleaching of discoloured root-filled teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:197–201. 8. Rotstein I, Zalkind M, Mor C, Tarabeah A, Friedman S. In vitro efficacy of sodium perborate preparations used for intracoronal bleaching of discolored non-vital teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1991;7:177– 80. 9. Rotstein I, Mor C, Friedman S. Prognosis of intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate preparations in vitro: 1-year study. J Endod 1993;19:10 –2.
JOE — Volume 34, Number 5S, May 2008
10. Steiner DR, West JD. A method to determine the location and shape of an intracoronal bleach barrier. J Endod 1994;20:304 – 6. 11. Friedman S. Internal bleaching: long-term outcomes and complications. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):51S–5S. 12. Attin T, Paque F, Ajam F, Lennon AM. Review of the current status of tooth whitening with the walking bleach technique. Int Endod J 2003;36:313–29. 13. Amato M, Scaravilli MS, Farella M, Riccitiello F. Bleaching teeth treated endodontically: long-term evaluation of a case series. J Endod 2006;32:376 – 8. 14. Bailey RW, Christen AG. Bleaching of vital teeth stained with endemic dental fluorosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1968;26:871– 8. 15. Cohen S, Parkins FM. Bleaching tetracycline-stained vital teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1970;29:465–71. 16. Arens DE, Rich JJ, Healey HJ. A practical method of bleaching tetracycline-stained teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972;34:812–7. 17. Cohen SC. Human pulpal response to bleaching procedures on vital teeth. J Endod 1979;5:134 – 8. 18. Robertson WD, Melfi RC. Pulpal response to vital bleaching procedures. J Endod 1980;6:645–9. 19. Wayman BE, Cooley RL. Vital bleaching technique for treatment of endemic fluorosis. Gen Dent 1981;29:424 –7.
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Online Study Guide 20. Abou-Rass M. The elimination of tetracycline discoloration by intentional endodontics and internal bleaching. J Endod 1982;8:101– 6. 21. Walton RE, O’Dell NL, Myers DL, Lake FT, Shimp RG. External bleaching of tetracycline stained teeth in dogs. J Endod 1982;8:536 – 42. 22. Walton RE, O’Dell NL, Lake FT, Shimp RG. Internal bleaching of tetracycline-stained teeth in dogs. J Endod 1983;9:416 –20. 23. Lake FT, O’Dell NL, Walton RE. The effect of internal bleaching on tetracycline in dentin. J Endod 1985;11:415–20. 24. Croll TP, Cavanaugh RR. Enamel color modification by controlled hydrochloric acidpumice abrasion: I—technique and examples. Quintessence Int 1986;17:81–7. 25. Croll TP, Cavanaugh RR. Hydrochloric acid-pumice enamel surface abrasion for color modification: results after six months. Quintessence Int 1986;17:335– 41. 26. Croll TP. Enamel microabrasion: the technique. Quintessence Int 1989;20:395– 400. 27. McEvoy SA. Chemical agents for removing intrinsic stains from vital teeth: I—technique development. Quintessence Int 1989;20:323– 8. 28. McEvoy SA. Chemical agents for removing intrinsic stains from vital teeth: II— current techniques and their clinical application. Quintessence Int 1989;20:379 – 84. 29. Haywood VB. Nightguard vital bleaching: current concepts and research. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):19S–25S. 30. Croll TP. Enamel microabrasion: observations after 10 years. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):45S–50S. 31. Harrington GW, Natkin E. External resorption associated with bleaching of pulpless teeth. J Endod 1979;5:344 – 8. 32. Lado EA, Stanley HR, Weisman MI. Cervical resorption in bleached teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983;55:78 – 80. 33. Montgomery S. External cervical resorption after bleaching a pulpless tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;57:203– 6.
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34. Cvek M, Lindvall AM. External root resorption following bleaching of pulpless teeth with oxygen peroxide. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1:56 – 60. 35. Latcham NL. Postbleaching cervical resorption. J Endod 1986;12:262– 4. 36. Kehoe JC. pH reversal following in vitro bleaching of pulpless teeth. J Endod 1987;13:6 –9. 37. Friedman S, Rotstein I, Libfeld H, Stabholz A, Heling I. Incidence of external root resorption and esthetic results in 58 bleached pulpless teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:23– 6. 38. Friedman S. Surgical-restorative treatment of bleaching-related external root resorption. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989;5:63–7. 39. Gimlin DR, Schindler WG. The management of postbleaching cervical resorption. J Endod 1990;16:292–7. 40. Madison S, Walton R. Cervical root resorption following bleaching of endodontically treated teeth. J Endod 1990;16:570 – 4. 41. Rotstein I, Friedman S. pH variation among materials used for intracoronal bleaching. J Endod 1991;17:376 –9. 42. Rotstein I, Zyskind D, Lewinstein I, Bamberger N. Effect of different protective base materials on hydrogen peroxide leakage during intracoronal bleaching in vitro. J Endod 1992;18:114 –7. 43. Smith JJ, Cunningham CJ, Montgomery S. Cervical canal leakage after internal bleaching procedures. J Endod 1992;18:476 – 81. 44. Rotstein I, Lehr Z, Gedalia I. Effect of bleaching agents on inorganic components of human dentin and cementum. J Endod 1992;18:290 –3. 45. Heithersay GS, Dahlstrom SW, Marin PD. Incidence of invasive cervical resorption in bleached root-filled teeth. Aust Dent J 1994;39:82–7. 46. Jimenez-Rubio A, Segura JJ. The effect of the bleaching agent sodium perborate on macrophage adhesion in vitro: implications in external cervical root resorption. J Endod 1998;24:229 –32.
JOE — Volume 34, Number 5S, May 2008
Bleaching in Endodontics: An Online Study Guide Abstract The Editorial Board of the Journal of Endodontics has developed a literature-based study guide of topical areas related to endodontics. This study guide is intended to give the reader a focused review of the essential endodontic literature and does not cite all possible articles related to each topic. Although citing all articles would be comprehensive, it would defeat the idea of a study guide. This section presents bleaching of endodontically treated teeth, bleaching of teeth with vital pulps, and cervical resorption associated with bleaching. (J Endod 2008;34:e111– e116)
Correspondence: JOE Editorial Board [email protected] 0099-2399/$0 - see front matter Copyright © 2008 by the American Association of Endodontists. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2007.08.003
Introduction The delivery of high quality clinical care requires a thorough understanding of the endodontic literature. The Editorial Board of the Journal of Endodontics has developed this online study guide for endodontists and fellow clinicians interested in endodontics. There are several potential applications for an online study guide. First, an online study guide permits clinicians to focus in on particular areas of endodontics where they can quickly review key papers devoted to one particular topic. For example, this particular study guide provides a summary of key papers in the area of bleaching of endodontically treated teeth, bleaching of teeth with vital pulps, and cervical resorption associated with bleaching. Second, a study guide permits speakers to efficiently review background material in preparation for future courses, lectures, or continuing educational events. Third, an online study guide permits students to review key papers in preparation for future examinations or for development of residency seminars. Fourth, an online study guide permits readers to quickly and efficiently access either the abstract or the entire paper cited in the Tables (see Discussion for details).
Methods One potential problem in developing an online study guide was to provide a summary of major papers that contributed to a given topic area. The inclusion of all possible papers on a given topic would lead to an unwieldy collection that failed to clearly identify key papers in the area. Of course, exclusion of key papers is also problematic. To address this issue, the JOE Editorial Board developed the overall list of topics to be covered and then for each topic generated an initial tabulation of key historical and contemporary papers on that topic. This list was then sent to two outside reviewers who were both experienced educators and Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. These reviewers then recommended additions and deletions of papers to the proposed topic list. To maintain currency, the JOE Editorial Board proposes to periodically update each topical study guide by using the same peer-reviewed process as described above.
Results The results of the study guide (1– 46) for bleaching of endodontically treated teeth, bleaching of teeth with vital pulps, and cervical resorption associated with bleaching are given in Tables 1-3.
Discussion The journey to clinical excellence requires not only outstanding clinical skills, but also that special knowledge that accrues from a study of the endodontic literature. The purpose of the JOE online study guide is to serve as one source for efficiently reviewing key papers that are organized by topic area and presented with the advantages of online Internet technology. Although JOE readers are undoubtedly familiar with many aspects of the Internet, there are special features available at JOE online that provide particular advantages in their application for a study guide. For example, if this particular study guide is downloaded as a pdf, it provides a useful but static listing of the cited articles. On the other hand, if the reader navigates to the Table of Contents page for the Online Study Guide and then clicks on “Full Text” (Fig. 1), they will be taken to an HTML version of the Study Guide. This online version of the study guide has special capabilities including the fact that the references are hyperlinked. Thus, the reader can quickly obtain abstracts of nearly all cited papers and can review the entire paper of many of the cited papers with
JOE — Volume 34, Number 5S, May 2008
e111
Online Study Guide only a few clicks of their mouse (Fig. 2). Thus, combining a study guide with online capabilities provides particular benefits for efficiently reviewing key papers in the endodontic literature. We hope that this Study Guide will prove useful to you as one
source for developing a focused and special base of endodontic knowledge. As always, we are interested in your thoughts on this initiative and how the JOE can better serve you, our readers. Feel free to email us at: [email protected].
TABLE 1. Bleaching of Endodontically Treated Teeth Ref #
Title
1.
Spasser HF. A simple bleaching technique using sodium perborate. N Y State Dent J 1961;27:332–4. Nutting EB, Poe GS. A new combination for bleaching teeth. J So Calif Dent Soc 1963;31:289–91. Brown G. Factors influencing successful bleaching of the discolored root-filled tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1965;238–44. Howell RA. The prognosis of bleached root-filled teeth. Int Endod J 1981;14:22–6. Freccia WF, Peters DD, Lorton L, Bernier WE. An in vitro comparison of nonvital bleaching techniques in the discolored tooth. J Endod 1982;8:70–7. Feiglin B. A 6-year recall study of clinically chemically bleached teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pahtol 1987;63:610–3. Holmstrup G, Palm AM, Lambjerg-Hansen H. Bleaching of discoloured root-filled teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:197–201. Rotstein I, Zalkind M, Mor C, Tarabeah A, Friedman S. In vitro efficacy of sodium perborate preparations used for intracoronal bleaching of discolored non-vital teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1991;7:177–80. Rotstein I, Mor C, Friedman S. Prognosis of intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate preparations in vitro: 1-year study. J Endod 1993;19:10–2. Steiner DR, West JD. A method to determine the location and shape of an intracoronal bleach barrier. J Endod 1994;20:304–6. Friedman S. Internal bleaching: long-term outcomes and complications. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):51S–5S. Attin T, Paque F, Ajam F, Lennon AM. Review of the current status of tooth whitening with the walking bleach technique. Int Endod J 2003;36:313–29. Amato M, Scaravilli MS, Farella M, Riccitiello F. Bleaching teeth treated endodontically: long-term evaluation of a case series. J Endod 2006;32:376–8.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
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JOE — Volume 34, Number 5S, May 2008
Online Study Guide TABLE 2. Bleaching of Teeth with Vital Pulps Ref #
Title
14.
Bailey RW, Christen, AG. Bleaching of vital teeth stained with endemic dental fluorosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1968;26:871–8. Cohen S, Parkins FM. Bleaching tetracycline-stained vital teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1970;29:465–71. Arens DE, Rich JJ, Healey HJ. A practical method of bleaching tetracycline-stained teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972;34:812–7. Cohen SC. Human pulpal response to bleaching procedures on vital teeth. J Endod 1979;5:134–8. Robertson WD, Melfi RC. Pulpal response to vital bleaching procedures. J Endod 1980;6:645–9. Wayman BE, Cooley RL. Vital bleaching technique for treatment of endemic fluorosis. Gen Dent 1981;29:424–7. Abou-Rass M. The elimination of tetracycline discoloration by intentional endodontics and internal bleaching. J Endod 1982;8:101–6. Walton RE, O’Dell NL, Myers DL, Lake FT, Shimp RG. External bleaching of tetracycline stained teeth in dogs. J Endod 1982;8:536–42. Walton RE, O’Dell NL, Lake FT, Shimp RG. Internal bleaching of tetracycline-stained teeth in dogs. J Endod 1983;9:416–20. Lake FT, O’Dell NL, Walton RE. The effect of internal bleaching on tetracycline in dentin. J Endod 1985;11:415–20. Croll TP, Cavanaugh RR. Enamel color modification by controlled hydrochloric acid-pumice abrasion: I—technique and examples. Quintessence Int 1986;17:81–7. Croll TP, Cavanaugh RR. Hydrochloric acid-pumice enamel surface abrasion for color modification: results after six months. Quintessence Int 1986;17:335–41. Croll TP. Enamel microabrasion: the technique. Quintessence Int 1989;20:395–400. McEvoy SA. Chemical agents for removing intrinsic stains from vital teeth: I—technique development. Quintessence Int 1989;20:323–8. McEvoy SA. Chemical agents for removing intrinsic stains from vital teeth: II—current techniques and their clinical application. Quintessence Int 1989;20:379–84. Haywood VB. Nightguard vital bleaching: current concepts and research. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):19S–25S. Croll TP. Enamel microabrasion: observations after 10 years. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):45S–50S.
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
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Online Study Guide TABLE 3. Cervical Resorption Associated With Bleaching Ref #
Title
31.
Harrington GW, Natkin E. External resorption associated with bleaching of pulpless teeth. J Endod 1979;5:344–8. Lado EA, Stanley HR, Weisman MI. Cervical resorption in bleached teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983;55:78–80. Montgomery S. External cervical resorption after bleaching a pulpless tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;57:203–6. Cvek M, Lindvall AM. External root resorption following bleaching of pulpless teeth with oxygen peroxide. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1:56–60. Latcham NL. Postbleaching cervical resorption. J Endod 1986;12:262–4. Kehoe JC. pH reversal following in vitro bleaching of pulpless teeth. J Endod 1987;13:6–9. Friedman S, Rotstein I, Libfeld H, Stabholz A, Heling I. Incidence of external root resorption and esthetic results in 58 bleached pulpless teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:23–6. Friedman S. Surgical-restorative treatment of bleaching-related external root resorption. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989;5:63–7. Gimlin DR, Schindler WG. The management of postbleaching cervical resorption. J Endod 1990;16:292–7. Madison S, Walton R. Cervical root resorption following bleaching of endodontically treated teeth. J Endod 1990;16:570–4. Rotstein I, Friedman S. pH variation among materials used for intracoronal bleaching. J Endod1991;17:376–9. Rotstein I, Zyskind D, Lewinstein I, Bamberger N. Effect of different protective base materials on hydrogen peroxide leakage during intracoronal bleaching in vitro. J Endod 1992;18:114–7. Smith JJ, Cunningham CJ, Montgomery S. Cervical canal leakage after internal bleaching procedures. J Endod 1992;18:476–81. Rotstein I, Lehr Z, Gedalia I. Effect of bleaching agents on inorganic components of human dentin and cementum. J Endod 1992;18:290–3. Heithersay GS, Dahlstrom SW, Marin PD. Incidence of invasive cervical resorption in bleached root-filled teeth. Aust Dent J 1994;39:82–7. Jimenez-Rubio A, Segura JJ. The effect of the bleaching agent sodium perborate on macrophage adhesion in vitro: implications in external cervical root resorption. J Endod 1998;24:229–32.
32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
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JOE — Volume 34, Number 5S, May 2008
Online Study Guide
Figure 1. Navigation to HTML version.
Figure 2. Hyperlink to References.
References 1. Spasser HF. A simple bleaching technique using sodium perborate. N Y State Dent J 1961;27:332– 4. 2. Nutting EB, Poe GS. A new combination for bleaching teeth. J So Calif Dent Soc 1963;31:289 –91. 3. Brown G. Factors influencing successful bleaching of the discolored root-filled tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1965;23844. 4. Howell RA. The prognosis of bleached root-filled teeth. Int Endod J 1981;14:22– 6. 5. Freccia WF, Peters DD, Lorton L, Bernier WE. An in vitro comparison of nonvital bleaching techniques in the discolored tooth. J Endod 1982;8:70 –7. 6. Feiglin B. A 6-year recall study of clinically chemically bleached teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pahtol 1987;63:610 –3. 7. Holmstrup G, Palm AM, Lambjerg-Hansen H. Bleaching of discoloured root-filled teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:197–201. 8. Rotstein I, Zalkind M, Mor C, Tarabeah A, Friedman S. In vitro efficacy of sodium perborate preparations used for intracoronal bleaching of discolored non-vital teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1991;7:177– 80. 9. Rotstein I, Mor C, Friedman S. Prognosis of intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate preparations in vitro: 1-year study. J Endod 1993;19:10 –2.
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10. Steiner DR, West JD. A method to determine the location and shape of an intracoronal bleach barrier. J Endod 1994;20:304 – 6. 11. Friedman S. Internal bleaching: long-term outcomes and complications. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):51S–5S. 12. Attin T, Paque F, Ajam F, Lennon AM. Review of the current status of tooth whitening with the walking bleach technique. Int Endod J 2003;36:313–29. 13. Amato M, Scaravilli MS, Farella M, Riccitiello F. Bleaching teeth treated endodontically: long-term evaluation of a case series. J Endod 2006;32:376 – 8. 14. Bailey RW, Christen AG. Bleaching of vital teeth stained with endemic dental fluorosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1968;26:871– 8. 15. Cohen S, Parkins FM. Bleaching tetracycline-stained vital teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1970;29:465–71. 16. Arens DE, Rich JJ, Healey HJ. A practical method of bleaching tetracycline-stained teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972;34:812–7. 17. Cohen SC. Human pulpal response to bleaching procedures on vital teeth. J Endod 1979;5:134 – 8. 18. Robertson WD, Melfi RC. Pulpal response to vital bleaching procedures. J Endod 1980;6:645–9. 19. Wayman BE, Cooley RL. Vital bleaching technique for treatment of endemic fluorosis. Gen Dent 1981;29:424 –7.
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Online Study Guide 20. Abou-Rass M. The elimination of tetracycline discoloration by intentional endodontics and internal bleaching. J Endod 1982;8:101– 6. 21. Walton RE, O’Dell NL, Myers DL, Lake FT, Shimp RG. External bleaching of tetracycline stained teeth in dogs. J Endod 1982;8:536 – 42. 22. Walton RE, O’Dell NL, Lake FT, Shimp RG. Internal bleaching of tetracycline-stained teeth in dogs. J Endod 1983;9:416 –20. 23. Lake FT, O’Dell NL, Walton RE. The effect of internal bleaching on tetracycline in dentin. J Endod 1985;11:415–20. 24. Croll TP, Cavanaugh RR. Enamel color modification by controlled hydrochloric acidpumice abrasion: I—technique and examples. Quintessence Int 1986;17:81–7. 25. Croll TP, Cavanaugh RR. Hydrochloric acid-pumice enamel surface abrasion for color modification: results after six months. Quintessence Int 1986;17:335– 41. 26. Croll TP. Enamel microabrasion: the technique. Quintessence Int 1989;20:395– 400. 27. McEvoy SA. Chemical agents for removing intrinsic stains from vital teeth: I—technique development. Quintessence Int 1989;20:323– 8. 28. McEvoy SA. Chemical agents for removing intrinsic stains from vital teeth: II— current techniques and their clinical application. Quintessence Int 1989;20:379 – 84. 29. Haywood VB. Nightguard vital bleaching: current concepts and research. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):19S–25S. 30. Croll TP. Enamel microabrasion: observations after 10 years. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128(Suppl):45S–50S. 31. Harrington GW, Natkin E. External resorption associated with bleaching of pulpless teeth. J Endod 1979;5:344 – 8. 32. Lado EA, Stanley HR, Weisman MI. Cervical resorption in bleached teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983;55:78 – 80. 33. Montgomery S. External cervical resorption after bleaching a pulpless tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;57:203– 6.
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34. Cvek M, Lindvall AM. External root resorption following bleaching of pulpless teeth with oxygen peroxide. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1:56 – 60. 35. Latcham NL. Postbleaching cervical resorption. J Endod 1986;12:262– 4. 36. Kehoe JC. pH reversal following in vitro bleaching of pulpless teeth. J Endod 1987;13:6 –9. 37. Friedman S, Rotstein I, Libfeld H, Stabholz A, Heling I. Incidence of external root resorption and esthetic results in 58 bleached pulpless teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:23– 6. 38. Friedman S. Surgical-restorative treatment of bleaching-related external root resorption. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989;5:63–7. 39. Gimlin DR, Schindler WG. The management of postbleaching cervical resorption. J Endod 1990;16:292–7. 40. Madison S, Walton R. Cervical root resorption following bleaching of endodontically treated teeth. J Endod 1990;16:570 – 4. 41. Rotstein I, Friedman S. pH variation among materials used for intracoronal bleaching. J Endod 1991;17:376 –9. 42. Rotstein I, Zyskind D, Lewinstein I, Bamberger N. Effect of different protective base materials on hydrogen peroxide leakage during intracoronal bleaching in vitro. J Endod 1992;18:114 –7. 43. Smith JJ, Cunningham CJ, Montgomery S. Cervical canal leakage after internal bleaching procedures. J Endod 1992;18:476 – 81. 44. Rotstein I, Lehr Z, Gedalia I. Effect of bleaching agents on inorganic components of human dentin and cementum. J Endod 1992;18:290 –3. 45. Heithersay GS, Dahlstrom SW, Marin PD. Incidence of invasive cervical resorption in bleached root-filled teeth. Aust Dent J 1994;39:82–7. 46. Jimenez-Rubio A, Segura JJ. The effect of the bleaching agent sodium perborate on macrophage adhesion in vitro: implications in external cervical root resorption. J Endod 1998;24:229 –32.
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