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Blood group reactive substances in some marine invertebrates
Oceanographic Abstracts
853
CREWS, A. A. and R. L. EARTH, 1963. Instrument to measure water-wave height. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 35 (5): 737-738. A simple and reliable instrument to measure the height of small water waves is described herein. The main feature of the instrument is a probe constructed of stainless-steel welding rods. Tests show that a linear electrical output can be achieved for water displacements up to 3 in. CUSHING, J. E., N. L. CALAPRICEand G. TRUMP, 1963. Blood group reactive substances in some marine invertebrates. Biol. Bull., 125 (1): 69-80. The occurrence of blood group reactive substances in some species of marine invertebrates is reported. These include: Antigens on the hemerythrocytes of the sipunculid, Dendrostomum zosterieolum, that react with various antiserums including human anti-A, human anti-B and anti-Forssman, and a comparison of these reactions with those of the hemocytes of the inn-keeper worm, Urechis caupo. A substance in the serum of the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus, that agglutinates erythrocytes carrying the Ju2 antigen in whale species. These include the sperm, humpback, sei and finback whales. A substance in Octobus bimaculatus serum that specifically inhibits the agglutination by anti-A serum of human cells carting the A1 and A2 antigens. DAHL, ERIK, 1961. The association between young whiting, Gadus merlangus, and the jelly-fish, Cyanea eapillata. Sarsia, Univ. i Bergen, 3: 47-55. Young whiting probably profit from the protection offered by jelly-fish. They feed upon plankton organisms, mainly copepods, and do not normally attack the jelly-fish, although in the aquarium they may eat minced jelly-fish tissue. They also eat Hyperia galba when offered. They appear to have obtained a certain degree of immunity to the nematocysts of Cyanea. This is probably due to the properties at the surface of their body, for contact with tentacles does not produce any largescale discharge of nematocysts. DAL PONT, G., B. NEWELL and J. STANIFORTH,1963. Comparison of the strychnidine and hydrazine methods for the estimation of nitrate in seawater. Aust. J. Mar. Fresh. Res., 14 (1): 37-43. It has been shown that the hydrazine reduction method is superior to the strychnidine method for the estimation of nitrate in seawater samples containing less than 10/~g-atom nitrate N/l. On samples containing higher amounts of nitrate than this both methods give similar results. Samples should be filtered and stored in chemically clean glass bottles for analysis by the hydrazine method, but may be kept in seasoned polyethylene vessels and preserved by the addition of mercuric chloride, for analysis by the strychnidine method. DARBYSHIRE, M., 1962. Sea waves in coastal waters of the British Isles. Deutsch. Hydrogr. Z., 15 (6): 256-264. Wave records obtained from the Smith's Knoll and Morecambe Bay light vessels are used to obtain relationships between wind speed and wave height and period in shallow water conditions for various lengths of fetch. Spectra obtained from data from the Smith's Knoll, Morecambe Bay and Seven Stones light vessels are presented. The spectrum formula for shallow water is found to be identical with that for deep water, found previously, with the same modifications for short fetch conditions. DAUmN, S. C., 1962. The General Motors deep-sea oceanographic buoy system. Proc. 2nd lnterindust. Oceanogr. Sym., Lockheed Aircraft Corp., 19-26. The nature of certain oceanographic observables is related to the time rr~luired for data recovery. The implications of observation time on the method of data recovery are developed in an elementary economic analysis which compares the shipboard method with the automatic buoy system. Some conditions under which the buoy system becomes the preferred approach are developed. The General Motors developmental buoy system is outlined and the arguments underlying a few of the basic design decisions are described. Some features of the buoy system are discussed in detail. DAVIS, R. L. and N. MARSHALI~(1963). The feeding of the bay scallop Aequipecten irradians. Proc. Nat. Shellfish. Ass., 1961, 52: 25-29. The abundance of benthic and tychopelagic diatoms in the stomachs of bay scallops, Aequipecten irradians6is J:onsidered an indication that much of the food is the microflora, detritus, bacteria and organic matter that is common in the water immediately adjacent to the bottom. Shell flapping and suction from ciliary currents pull similar foods directly from the bottom and from the surfaces of the upper v.~lves. DAY, C. GODFREY, 1963. Oceanographic observations, 1960, east coast of the United States. U.S.F.W.S. Spec. Sci. Rept., Fish., No. 406:59 pp. Daily xvater temperature and salinity observations for 1960 from eighteen locations along the Atlantic seaboard are tabulated, plotted and discussed for the fifth consecutive year,
853
CREWS, A. A. and R. L. EARTH, 1963. Instrument to measure water-wave height. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 35 (5): 737-738. A simple and reliable instrument to measure the height of small water waves is described herein. The main feature of the instrument is a probe constructed of stainless-steel welding rods. Tests show that a linear electrical output can be achieved for water displacements up to 3 in. CUSHING, J. E., N. L. CALAPRICEand G. TRUMP, 1963. Blood group reactive substances in some marine invertebrates. Biol. Bull., 125 (1): 69-80. The occurrence of blood group reactive substances in some species of marine invertebrates is reported. These include: Antigens on the hemerythrocytes of the sipunculid, Dendrostomum zosterieolum, that react with various antiserums including human anti-A, human anti-B and anti-Forssman, and a comparison of these reactions with those of the hemocytes of the inn-keeper worm, Urechis caupo. A substance in the serum of the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus, that agglutinates erythrocytes carrying the Ju2 antigen in whale species. These include the sperm, humpback, sei and finback whales. A substance in Octobus bimaculatus serum that specifically inhibits the agglutination by anti-A serum of human cells carting the A1 and A2 antigens. DAHL, ERIK, 1961. The association between young whiting, Gadus merlangus, and the jelly-fish, Cyanea eapillata. Sarsia, Univ. i Bergen, 3: 47-55. Young whiting probably profit from the protection offered by jelly-fish. They feed upon plankton organisms, mainly copepods, and do not normally attack the jelly-fish, although in the aquarium they may eat minced jelly-fish tissue. They also eat Hyperia galba when offered. They appear to have obtained a certain degree of immunity to the nematocysts of Cyanea. This is probably due to the properties at the surface of their body, for contact with tentacles does not produce any largescale discharge of nematocysts. DAL PONT, G., B. NEWELL and J. STANIFORTH,1963. Comparison of the strychnidine and hydrazine methods for the estimation of nitrate in seawater. Aust. J. Mar. Fresh. Res., 14 (1): 37-43. It has been shown that the hydrazine reduction method is superior to the strychnidine method for the estimation of nitrate in seawater samples containing less than 10/~g-atom nitrate N/l. On samples containing higher amounts of nitrate than this both methods give similar results. Samples should be filtered and stored in chemically clean glass bottles for analysis by the hydrazine method, but may be kept in seasoned polyethylene vessels and preserved by the addition of mercuric chloride, for analysis by the strychnidine method. DARBYSHIRE, M., 1962. Sea waves in coastal waters of the British Isles. Deutsch. Hydrogr. Z., 15 (6): 256-264. Wave records obtained from the Smith's Knoll and Morecambe Bay light vessels are used to obtain relationships between wind speed and wave height and period in shallow water conditions for various lengths of fetch. Spectra obtained from data from the Smith's Knoll, Morecambe Bay and Seven Stones light vessels are presented. The spectrum formula for shallow water is found to be identical with that for deep water, found previously, with the same modifications for short fetch conditions. DAUmN, S. C., 1962. The General Motors deep-sea oceanographic buoy system. Proc. 2nd lnterindust. Oceanogr. Sym., Lockheed Aircraft Corp., 19-26. The nature of certain oceanographic observables is related to the time rr~luired for data recovery. The implications of observation time on the method of data recovery are developed in an elementary economic analysis which compares the shipboard method with the automatic buoy system. Some conditions under which the buoy system becomes the preferred approach are developed. The General Motors developmental buoy system is outlined and the arguments underlying a few of the basic design decisions are described. Some features of the buoy system are discussed in detail. DAVIS, R. L. and N. MARSHALI~(1963). The feeding of the bay scallop Aequipecten irradians. Proc. Nat. Shellfish. Ass., 1961, 52: 25-29. The abundance of benthic and tychopelagic diatoms in the stomachs of bay scallops, Aequipecten irradians6is J:onsidered an indication that much of the food is the microflora, detritus, bacteria and organic matter that is common in the water immediately adjacent to the bottom. Shell flapping and suction from ciliary currents pull similar foods directly from the bottom and from the surfaces of the upper v.~lves. DAY, C. GODFREY, 1963. Oceanographic observations, 1960, east coast of the United States. U.S.F.W.S. Spec. Sci. Rept., Fish., No. 406:59 pp. Daily xvater temperature and salinity observations for 1960 from eighteen locations along the Atlantic seaboard are tabulated, plotted and discussed for the fifth consecutive year,