Blood group typing in stains using DiaMed cards

Abstracts / Forensic Science International 169S (2007) S22–S26

data of 472 paternity testing results from our laboratory during last year period. For analysis we have used 15 STR loci multiplex system—the AmpFlSTR1 Identifiler1 kit produced by Applied Biosystems. We have excluded 85 presumptive fathers and this consist 18% from all made tests. For paternity testing was used ABO blood typing system as additional screening method but probability of exclusion (PE) of this system was only 11%. These results are similar to other authors who report the same proportion between exclusion and nonexclusion. In this report, we present the proportion of exclusion for individual STR markers. In 85 excluded cases we observed the loci which present the major quantity of exclusion (in decreasing order): D2S1338, FGA, D21S11, and D18S51. In those investigations was obtained one-step mutation in the 16 cases. No mutations were observed in 5 of these 15 researched loci. In loci D2S1338 we found mutation three times, in loci D7S820, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51—two times and in loci D8S1179, D19S433, vWA, D5S818, FGA—once. In 11 cases, the mutations was from male, in 2 cases—from female, in 3 cases it could be as from male as from female side. Mutation cases in the male germ line were proximally five times more frequent than in the female germ line. Conclusions: The 15 STR markers systems are sufficient for the exclusion of false fathers in paternity testing. Keywords: Paternity testing; STR systems; Lithuania

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from stains of different impurity level. In parallel control material (extract from cloth near the stain) was tested. Another research was made using usual method, i.e. absorption–elution reaction. We used DiaMed cards after elution reaction. Then the eluate was put into microtubes and A (II) and B (III) group test erythrocytes (3%) were added. When control material had no or small impurity, all erythrocytes went through gel. When impurity of control material was intense, the erythrocytes’ trail emerged. It was noted that the results of bloodstains’ extract research do not have such sharp character as working with liquid blood. Most importantly, when impurity of control material is intense, using usual methods, haemolysis is observed and test results cannot be evaluated. While using DiaMed cards, haemolysis was not observed. In conclusion, this method is fast track: (1) Lesser impact of control material. (2) If impurity of control material is intense, haemolysis is not observed. (3) Agglutinines can be determined, which is not possible using usual methods.

Keywords: DiaMed cards; Blood group; Haemolysis; Agglutination DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.04.142

DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.04.141

GEN-SER-TP-04 Blood group typing in stains using DiaMed cards Rima Baranoviene *, Ona Petruskiene, Irena Linkeviciene Mykolas Romeris University Institute of Forensic Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania Serology and DNA Laboratory applies DNA and serological research methods. The latter research is done searching for material of biological origin on the exhibits that are presented for the research, also selecting stains for DNA research when a big quantity of exhibits is presented, and in forensic research when there are no comparative blood samples. In such type of laboratories the major part of researches constitutes bloodstain research. Blood group typing in stains is done using absorption– elution reaction (for determination of antigens) and covering glass method (for determination of agglutinines). The methods are based on the agglutination of erythrocytes. In 1986, Dr. Ives Lapierre from France patented new idea— agglutinated and non-agglutinated red cells can be dissociated by filtering them through gel filter during centrifuging. In 1988, DiaMed AG Company, Switzerland, using this idea, created a new product: the ID-Micro Typing System. This system is registered in Lithuania and is used in clinical laboratories. However, according to scientific literature, it can be used for blood group typing in stains. We made a research with extracts

GEN-SER-TP-05 About methods of differentiating lysis with K proteinase in forensic biological examinations to separate spermatozoids from flat epithelia cells E.A. Mazurova Forensic Medicine Bureau of Leningrad Region, Saint-Petersburg, Russia When investigating sexual crimes, experts are often delivered semen traces as the material objects for examination, which have additions of vaginal discharge and saliva. If the traditional pattern admitted in the national forensic biology is applied to identify antigens in these multi-component spots, factors are found inherent in both semen and a second component. It is impossible in similar cases to identify semen groups separately. In similar situations, we have tried the methods offered by Iwasaki et al. (1989). According to these methods spermatozoid groups are identified following a differentiating lysis with K proteinase and a further elution absorption reaction (EAR). Semen samples, vaginal discharge, and saliva of the identified groups were examined in the ABO system. Besides, we prepared ‘‘mixed’’ spots composed of components and antigens we knew. Then, we cut out sections of the material under examination and extracted deionized water for 2 h. The extra liquid was removed after the centrifugation of the extracts. The precipitate