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Brain slices: Fundamentals, applications and implications
0300-9629/88$3.00+ 0.00 Pergamon Press plc
Camp. Biochem. Physiol. Vol. 91A, No. 3, pp. 627429, 1988
Printed in Great Britain
BOOK The Crwtaceaa SELVER~TONand
REVIEWS This multi-authored series of reviews deals with different aspects of developmental neurobiology. The main sections are: (1) molecular approaches to neural development (neural morphogenesis, subsynaptic proteins, amphibian limb regeneration); (2) molecular biology of the brain (brain mRNA, nicotinic AChR, neuronal identifier sequence); (3) axonal pathfinding (surface glycoproteins, growth cone guidance, peripheral guidance clues, axonal pathways from cerebral cortex); (4) intercellular contacts (neuronal glia interactions in vitro, synaptic connections at n-m junction, selective synapse formation in spinal cord); (5) plastic and mosaic differentiation (equivalent groups, neural crest, genetic moasics), (6) mechanisms of brain plasticity (sexual differentiation in the brain, actions of hormones, information storage, development of sound localization). The reviews are well written and provide a good survey of the current state of the subject.
System--Edited by A. I. M. MOULINS. 338 pp. 1987. Springer,
Stomatogastric
Berlin. DM 188. The gastric mill of lobsters (the pyloric chamber and the three gastic teeth) are controlled by the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) which contains only 31 neurons. There are 25 mononeurons, two intemeurons and four other neurons. These neurons have been identified, their axons and dendrites mapped using intracellular dyes and axonal backfilling, their electrical synaptic interactions mapped, neurotransmitters identified, and a wiring diagram prepared. Two main circuits are described: a pyloric circuit of 14 neurons and a gastric circuit of 11 neurons. The role that these neurons play in rhythm generation and pattern generation is known. The intrinsic properties of the neurons are dynamic and continually modified by external influences that can, in effect, functionally rewire the circuit. Furthermore, a single neuron can have three different spike initiating zones working together with non spiking dendrites. The STG provides the most complete finite interactive neuronal system so far known and new rules concerning functional circuitry are becoming apparent. This multi-authored volume provides a good account of what is known about this 31-neuron system, and indicates the problems that workers on the mammalian hippocampus will have later on.
Arthropod Brain; its Evolution, Development,
Brain Slices: Fundamentals, Applicatioas
In vitro study of mammalian brain slices has become one of the rapid growth areas in experimental neuroscience. This multi-author volume discusses the methods of preparing brain slices and keeping them alive; the hippocampal slice and the physiology of CA1 neurones; the metabolism of CA1 cells, their glucose metabolism, protein synthesis and GMP systems; anoxic brain damage, hypoxia, the responses to pH, ionic changes and temperature; epileptiform activity; long term potentiation; and the pharmacology of anticonvulsants. Workers using brain slices or thinking of using them will find this volume very helpful.
Structure and
Fun&ions--Edited by A. P. GUPTA. 588 pp. 1987. John Wiley, New York. $64.95. This multi-authored volume contains chapters on the insect tritocerebrum, suboesophageal ganglia, mushroom bodies, optic neuropil, retinal mosaics, olfactory pathways, control of mouthparts, neuroglia and neuropil, central complex, biogenic amines, cholinergic systems, AChE, mucosubstances, and neuronal marking. The brains include those of onychophorans, crustaceans, myriapods, arachnids, acarines, and insects. The book provides an excellent account of recent developments and the present frontiers of research.
Molecular
Mechanisms
of
Desensitization
to
Comparative Physiology: Life in Water and on Land-Edited TAYU)R and E. R. WEIBEL. Fidia Research Series, Volume 9. 566 pp. 1987. Livia Press;
by P. DEIOURS,L. BOLIS,C. R. Springer, Berlin.
Signal
MoIeeuI+Edit+ by T. M. KONJIN,P. J. M. VANHAASTERT, H. VAN DER STARE,H. VAN DER WEL and M. D. HOUSLAY.335 pp. 1987. Springer, Berlin. DM 158. The main sections of this symposium are: (1) chemotaxis and chemosensing; (2) adenylate cyclase coupled systems; (3) inositol phospholipid coupled systems; (4) visual transduction; (5) ion conductance; and (6) cellular systems. Topics covered include Dicryostelium hepatocytes, platelets, beta adrenergic recentor kinase, kinase C, GMP cascade, rhodopsin pl&phor$ation, nicotinic AChR, leukocyte response to chemical attractants, macrophage oxygen metabolism, and antibody-induced down regulation.
From
Message
to
Mind:
Directions
in
Developmental
Neurobiology-Edited by S. S. EASTER,K. F. BARALDand B. M. CALSON.368 pp. 1988. Sinauer Associates, Stamford, USA. $55 (paperback $35).
and Implications
Edited by A. SCHURR,T. J. TEYLERand M. T. TSANG. 193 pp. 1987. Karger, Basel. SFr 170. $114. DM 204.
This symposium volume contains papers on respiration and acid-base balance; water, ionic exchanges, and osmoregulation in intact organisms; nutrient absorption; nitrogen and sulphur metabolism; sensory information and behaviour; locomotion; and energy metabolism, temperature and evolution.
Research-Edited by H. MCLENNAN,J. R. LEDSOME, C. H. S. MCINTOSHand D. R. JONES. 505 pp. 1987. Plenum Press, New York. Advances in Physiological
The review lectures given at the 30th International Union of Physiological Sciences (Vancouver) are presented in this volume. They include historical lectures on the work of Walter B Cannon; the synapse from Sherrington to the present; and the Gaskell effect. In addition, there are reviews of neural organization, cutaneous sensation, neurotransmitters, vision, muscle contraction, thyroid hormones, cerebral circulation, pulmonary oedema, cellular calcium homeostasis, renal function and salt-water control, 627
Camp. Biochem. Physiol. Vol. 91A, No. 3, pp. 627429, 1988
Printed in Great Britain
BOOK The Crwtaceaa SELVER~TONand
REVIEWS This multi-authored series of reviews deals with different aspects of developmental neurobiology. The main sections are: (1) molecular approaches to neural development (neural morphogenesis, subsynaptic proteins, amphibian limb regeneration); (2) molecular biology of the brain (brain mRNA, nicotinic AChR, neuronal identifier sequence); (3) axonal pathfinding (surface glycoproteins, growth cone guidance, peripheral guidance clues, axonal pathways from cerebral cortex); (4) intercellular contacts (neuronal glia interactions in vitro, synaptic connections at n-m junction, selective synapse formation in spinal cord); (5) plastic and mosaic differentiation (equivalent groups, neural crest, genetic moasics), (6) mechanisms of brain plasticity (sexual differentiation in the brain, actions of hormones, information storage, development of sound localization). The reviews are well written and provide a good survey of the current state of the subject.
System--Edited by A. I. M. MOULINS. 338 pp. 1987. Springer,
Stomatogastric
Berlin. DM 188. The gastric mill of lobsters (the pyloric chamber and the three gastic teeth) are controlled by the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) which contains only 31 neurons. There are 25 mononeurons, two intemeurons and four other neurons. These neurons have been identified, their axons and dendrites mapped using intracellular dyes and axonal backfilling, their electrical synaptic interactions mapped, neurotransmitters identified, and a wiring diagram prepared. Two main circuits are described: a pyloric circuit of 14 neurons and a gastric circuit of 11 neurons. The role that these neurons play in rhythm generation and pattern generation is known. The intrinsic properties of the neurons are dynamic and continually modified by external influences that can, in effect, functionally rewire the circuit. Furthermore, a single neuron can have three different spike initiating zones working together with non spiking dendrites. The STG provides the most complete finite interactive neuronal system so far known and new rules concerning functional circuitry are becoming apparent. This multi-authored volume provides a good account of what is known about this 31-neuron system, and indicates the problems that workers on the mammalian hippocampus will have later on.
Arthropod Brain; its Evolution, Development,
Brain Slices: Fundamentals, Applicatioas
In vitro study of mammalian brain slices has become one of the rapid growth areas in experimental neuroscience. This multi-author volume discusses the methods of preparing brain slices and keeping them alive; the hippocampal slice and the physiology of CA1 neurones; the metabolism of CA1 cells, their glucose metabolism, protein synthesis and GMP systems; anoxic brain damage, hypoxia, the responses to pH, ionic changes and temperature; epileptiform activity; long term potentiation; and the pharmacology of anticonvulsants. Workers using brain slices or thinking of using them will find this volume very helpful.
Structure and
Fun&ions--Edited by A. P. GUPTA. 588 pp. 1987. John Wiley, New York. $64.95. This multi-authored volume contains chapters on the insect tritocerebrum, suboesophageal ganglia, mushroom bodies, optic neuropil, retinal mosaics, olfactory pathways, control of mouthparts, neuroglia and neuropil, central complex, biogenic amines, cholinergic systems, AChE, mucosubstances, and neuronal marking. The brains include those of onychophorans, crustaceans, myriapods, arachnids, acarines, and insects. The book provides an excellent account of recent developments and the present frontiers of research.
Molecular
Mechanisms
of
Desensitization
to
Comparative Physiology: Life in Water and on Land-Edited TAYU)R and E. R. WEIBEL. Fidia Research Series, Volume 9. 566 pp. 1987. Livia Press;
by P. DEIOURS,L. BOLIS,C. R. Springer, Berlin.
Signal
MoIeeuI+Edit+ by T. M. KONJIN,P. J. M. VANHAASTERT, H. VAN DER STARE,H. VAN DER WEL and M. D. HOUSLAY.335 pp. 1987. Springer, Berlin. DM 158. The main sections of this symposium are: (1) chemotaxis and chemosensing; (2) adenylate cyclase coupled systems; (3) inositol phospholipid coupled systems; (4) visual transduction; (5) ion conductance; and (6) cellular systems. Topics covered include Dicryostelium hepatocytes, platelets, beta adrenergic recentor kinase, kinase C, GMP cascade, rhodopsin pl&phor$ation, nicotinic AChR, leukocyte response to chemical attractants, macrophage oxygen metabolism, and antibody-induced down regulation.
From
Message
to
Mind:
Directions
in
Developmental
Neurobiology-Edited by S. S. EASTER,K. F. BARALDand B. M. CALSON.368 pp. 1988. Sinauer Associates, Stamford, USA. $55 (paperback $35).
and Implications
Edited by A. SCHURR,T. J. TEYLERand M. T. TSANG. 193 pp. 1987. Karger, Basel. SFr 170. $114. DM 204.
This symposium volume contains papers on respiration and acid-base balance; water, ionic exchanges, and osmoregulation in intact organisms; nutrient absorption; nitrogen and sulphur metabolism; sensory information and behaviour; locomotion; and energy metabolism, temperature and evolution.
Research-Edited by H. MCLENNAN,J. R. LEDSOME, C. H. S. MCINTOSHand D. R. JONES. 505 pp. 1987. Plenum Press, New York. Advances in Physiological
The review lectures given at the 30th International Union of Physiological Sciences (Vancouver) are presented in this volume. They include historical lectures on the work of Walter B Cannon; the synapse from Sherrington to the present; and the Gaskell effect. In addition, there are reviews of neural organization, cutaneous sensation, neurotransmitters, vision, muscle contraction, thyroid hormones, cerebral circulation, pulmonary oedema, cellular calcium homeostasis, renal function and salt-water control, 627