- Email: [email protected]
Brazil's largest SWRO plant set to use Toray's RO and UF membranes
NEWS
Editorial Office: Elsevier Ltd The Boulevard, Langford Lane Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Tel: +44 1865 843695 Web: www.membrane-technology.com Editor: Simon Atkinson Tel/Fax: +44 (0)1904 655944 Email: [email protected] Production Support Manager: Lin Lucas Email: [email protected] Editorial advisory board: Dr P Ball (Pall Europe), Dr D Bessarabov (HySA Infrastructure: NWU and CSIR), Prof. M Cheryan (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Prof. A G Fane (University of New South Wales), Dr A C M Franken (Membrane Application Centre Twente), Prof. E Gobina (Robert Gordon University), Dr A Merry (Aquious–PCI Membranes), Prof. M Nyström (Lappeenranta University of Technology), Dr Anil Pabby, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India Dr G K Pearce (Membrane Consultancy Associates), Prof. P H Pfromm (Kansas State University), Dr R W Philpott (Progenta Llp), Prof. R J Wakeman (Loughborough University of Technology), Prof. A Yaroshchuk (Ukrainian Membrane Society) Subscription Information An annual subscription to Membrane Technology includes 12 issues and online access for up to 5 users. Subscriptions run for 12 months, from the date payment is received. More information: www.elsevier.com/journals/institutional/membrane-technology/0958-2118 Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Global Rights Department, PO Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; phone: +44 1865 843830, fax: +44 1865 853333, email: [email protected]. You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier’s home page (www.elsevier.com), selecting first ‘Support & contact’, then ‘Copyright & permission’. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; phone: +1 978 750 8400, fax: +1 978 750 4744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; phone: +44 (0)20 7631 5555; fax: +44 (0)20 7631 5500. Other countries may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments. Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. Electronic Storage or Usage Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this publication, including any article or part of an article. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Science Global Rights Department, at the mail, fax and email addresses noted above. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made.Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer.
12978 Digitally Produced by Mayfield Press (Oxford) Limited (The content of this newsletter is compiled from a variety of sources, including press releases.)
2
Membrane Technology
Containerised unit from Fluence produces water for mining project in Argentina
F
luence Corp Ltd has executed a contract worth US$5 million under which it is providing a water treatment system for use at a greenfield lithium mining project in Argentina. The US-based provider of water and wastewater treatment systems says that the preengineered and containerised unit is capable of supplying 10 320 m3 (around 2.7 million gallons) of water per day. Treating well water, to provide filtered, demineralised, high-purity and potable water, the system combines ultrafiltration, high-efficiency reverse osmosis and ionexchange technologies, together with enhanced sedimentation. It is scheduled to be delivered in late 2020, and commissioned in early 2021. Commenting on this contract, Henry Charrabé, Managing Director and CEO, Fluence, said: ‘This represents our second order from the Argentinian lithium industry in the past month and our fifth order overall in the past few years.’ ‘Our decentralised, standardised and pre-engineered solutions are ideal for remote personnel camps and industrial operations, as they are fast to deploy, easy to move and require minimal operations and maintenance. We look forward to growing our presence in the nascent lithium industry and to offering standardised, pre-engineered solutions to industrial clients around the world.’ As reported towards the end of 2019 (Membrane Technology November 2019, pages 5–7) Fluence is seeing continued interest in its submerged membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) (SUBRE) and AspiralTM systems and growth in their use worldwide. This is particularly true in China, where recent activity concerning these technologies has featured prominently in news from the company. For further information, visit: www.fluencecorp.com
flavours, fragrances and active cosmetic ingredients. Under the BOO contract – with a minimum value of A$1.7 million – De.mem will operate a containerised wastewater treatment system on-site at the Swiss firm’s factory in Singapore. This is the second major project involving the same customer, for the Australian–Singaporean water and wastewater treatment company. The system will treat wastewater generated by the manufacturer’s production process to ensure that it meets legal discharge standards. This will ensure that the treated wastewater is safe to discharge into the public sewer. The system will use various wastewater treatment processes, and De.mem says that its membrane technology is used in a key step to achieve the desired treatment result. It will also use its wastewater treatment chemicals as part of the treatment process. Andreas Kroell, CEO, De.mem, said: ‘The new contract highlights De.mem’s unique capability to offer, and build, own and operate solutions for industrial clients. Our BOO model offers clients a hassle-free, convenient service. Correspondingly, it provides stable, recurring and long-term revenue streams to De.mem.’ ‘De.mem’s BOO and service offering is based on our innovative membrane technology, which gives us a key competitive advantage. It is backed by our capability to operate and service integrated water and wastewater treatment plants and the extended range of equipment, consumables and chemicals supplied, also as a result of the recent acquisition of German wastewater treatment chemicals supplier Geutec Industrie- und Abwassertechnik GmbH.’ As an aside, De.mem’s proprietary microfiltration (MF) membrane technology is targeted at clients operating in the food and beverage sector as reported towards the end of 2019 (Membrane Technology November 2019, page 14). The company says that the potential applications for its MF membranes are extensive. For example, they can be deployed in the processing of beverages such as wine and beer, and for dairy products, and also used in potable and wastewater treatment. For further information, visit: www.demembranes.com
De.mem signs BOO Brazil’s largest SWRO contract with manufacturer of flavours plant set to use Toray’s RO and UF membranes e.mem Ltd has signed a build,
D
own and operate (BOO) contract with Givaudan, a manufacturer of
M
embrane technology developed by Japan’s Toray Industries Inc has been
January 2020
NEWS selected for use in a sea-water reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination facility for a producer of steel based in Brazil. Expected to be operational by the fourth quarter of 2020, the facility, which is set to become the largest in the country, will use Toray’s ROMEMBRATM RO and TORAYFILTM ultrafiltration (UF) membrane technologies. ArcelorMittal – currently one of the largest steel producers in the world – contracted Fluence Corp through an international tender process for the design, engineering and construction work. Initially, the SWRO plant will be able to treat 12 000 m3 (about 3 170 000 gallons) of water, per day, but this volume is expandable to 24 000 m3 and 36 000 m3 (around 6 340 000 gallons and 9 510 000 gallons, respectively) per day. According to ArcelorMittal, the desalination plant will be the first in Brazil to operate exclusively with sea water, placing the facility at the forefront of sustainable water management for the company. The principal objective of the plant is to decentralise the company’s reliance on the state’s water supply, and contribute to water security to surrounding communities that rely on the same source of fresh water. TORAYFIL pressurised hollow-fibre UF membrane modules, based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), will be used to pretreat the sea water before it is conveyed to the ROMEMBRA sea-water desalination membrane elements, which remove salt. The desalinated sea-water will also pass through ROMEMBRA durable ‘D-Family’ brackish water RO membrane elements for additional polishing, before it is stored for distribution. Toray recently received orders for its ROMEMBRA RO membranes from Saudi Arabia. They are being used in the Shoaibah3 Extension2 and Shoaibah4 desalination plants (Membrane Technology November 2019, page 3). As reported previously, in 2012 Toray supplied its ROMEMBRA RO membranes for use in two sea-water desalination plants that at the time were being constructed in the United Arab Emirates (Membrane Technology October 2012, pages 2–3).
that are suitable for small-to-medium industrial applications. The specialist filtration and environmental technologies group says that the five recently launched filters – specific features of which are summarised below – exhibit a number of different properties and have been developed to be used in many industries, including water and chemical processes, and sanitary capsules for pharmaceutical manufacturing.
For further information, visit: www.toray.com & www.fluencecorp.com
The extended range builds on Porvair’s existing industrial range, providing a full suite of capsule and cartridge filters to support liquid and gas applications across all industrial and process sectors. Mike Hughes, General Manager, Porvair, said: ‘The addition of a sanitary and industrial range of capsules, to our already market-leading printing range, equips us with a portfolio of cartridges and capsules across all industry sectors.’ Porvair recently added the TeffilTM range of high-flow PTFE membrane filters and QuicklokTM housings to the range of liquid,
Porvair adds sanitary and industrial capsules to its Microcap range
P
orvair Filtration Group has expanded its range of microfiltration (MF) products by introducing a range of new MicrocapTM capsule filters in sizes
January 2020
• Microcap PES capsules are hydrophilic, double-layered polyethersulfone (PES) membrane filters. They are used for sterile filtration in critical pharmaceutical applications, such as: sterilising filtration of USP water for injection (WFI), diagnostic solutions, vaccines, ophthalmics, small-volume and largevolume parenterals (SVPs and LVPs), and biological products. • Microcap PPP capsules, which are made from polypropylene (PP) microfibre media, are designed to have an optimal filtration area, and are capable of removing large amounts of particulate and other contaminants. They can be used for the pre-filtration of bulk pharmaceutical chemicals, water, buffers, solvents, alcohols and other liquids. • Microcap GPP capsules are made from PP microfibre media and also have a maximum filtration area. This enables them to remove large amounts of particulate and other contaminants over a long filter service life. They are used for the removal of particulate contaminants from water, inks, dyes and speciality chemicals. • Microcap PFE capsules are manufactured for the critical needs of the pharmaceutical industry. Containing a highly hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane, they are used for the filtration of non-aqueous liquids, aggressive solvents, compressed gases, and may be used as vent filters. • Microcap PNY capsules are designed to be used for sterilising grade filtration. The high-quality nylon membrane is optimised for retention. Nylon capsules see broad service in sterile fill applications in SVPs and as bioburden management filters in LVPs.
air and gas filtration products that it offers (Membrane Technology December 2019, page 3). For further information, visit: www.porvair.com & www.porvairfiltration.com
Salt production facility in Korea employs Modern Water’s largest AMBC
M
odern Water Plc reports that it has secured the sale of its largest – by volume – all-membrane brine concentrator (AMBC) system. It is set to be used in a deep sea-water salt production project in South Korea. The facility will be capable of treating around 13 m3 (3400 gallons) per hour – concentrating sea water sourced from a depth of up to 600 m (1970 ft). Modern Water, which specialises in membranebased water treatment systems and monitoring products, says salt production from sea water offers environmental benefits compared with land-based salt mining, which can result in environmental problems because of the waste it generates and health hazards posed to salt miners. The project is being executed in conjunction with Hangzhou Shangtuo Environmental Science and Technology Co Ltd (Sunup), the firm’s partner in China. Simon Humphrey, CEO, Modern Water, said: ‘Our partnership with Sunup is capable of delivering our innovative technology directly to customers across China – and now also in Asian markets beyond China, such as South Korea.’ Humphrey says that this is Modern Water’s largest single AMBC plant yet and follows on from various successful plants we have designed with our partners in India and China.’ Noah Tan, CEO Sunup, added: ‘As the key process in this salt production project we will be using Modern Water’s AMBC, the high saline modular concentration technology. AMBC enables our customers to achieve higher concentration levels than traditional membrane techniques and reduces the need for chemicals in salt production.’ ‘AMBC is a step-change in efficiency, significantly reducing operating costs for our customers. It is also versatile and can be used across many different industries.’ Modern Water made the first sale of its proprietary AMBC technology in China in 2017, as reported in Membrane Technology’s sister publication Filtration Industry Analyst (November 2017, page 4).
Membrane Technology
3
Editorial Office: Elsevier Ltd The Boulevard, Langford Lane Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Tel: +44 1865 843695 Web: www.membrane-technology.com Editor: Simon Atkinson Tel/Fax: +44 (0)1904 655944 Email: [email protected] Production Support Manager: Lin Lucas Email: [email protected] Editorial advisory board: Dr P Ball (Pall Europe), Dr D Bessarabov (HySA Infrastructure: NWU and CSIR), Prof. M Cheryan (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Prof. A G Fane (University of New South Wales), Dr A C M Franken (Membrane Application Centre Twente), Prof. E Gobina (Robert Gordon University), Dr A Merry (Aquious–PCI Membranes), Prof. M Nyström (Lappeenranta University of Technology), Dr Anil Pabby, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India Dr G K Pearce (Membrane Consultancy Associates), Prof. P H Pfromm (Kansas State University), Dr R W Philpott (Progenta Llp), Prof. R J Wakeman (Loughborough University of Technology), Prof. A Yaroshchuk (Ukrainian Membrane Society) Subscription Information An annual subscription to Membrane Technology includes 12 issues and online access for up to 5 users. Subscriptions run for 12 months, from the date payment is received. More information: www.elsevier.com/journals/institutional/membrane-technology/0958-2118 Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Global Rights Department, PO Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; phone: +44 1865 843830, fax: +44 1865 853333, email: [email protected]. You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier’s home page (www.elsevier.com), selecting first ‘Support & contact’, then ‘Copyright & permission’. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; phone: +1 978 750 8400, fax: +1 978 750 4744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; phone: +44 (0)20 7631 5555; fax: +44 (0)20 7631 5500. Other countries may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments. Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. Electronic Storage or Usage Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this publication, including any article or part of an article. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Science Global Rights Department, at the mail, fax and email addresses noted above. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made.Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer.
12978 Digitally Produced by Mayfield Press (Oxford) Limited (The content of this newsletter is compiled from a variety of sources, including press releases.)
2
Membrane Technology
Containerised unit from Fluence produces water for mining project in Argentina
F
luence Corp Ltd has executed a contract worth US$5 million under which it is providing a water treatment system for use at a greenfield lithium mining project in Argentina. The US-based provider of water and wastewater treatment systems says that the preengineered and containerised unit is capable of supplying 10 320 m3 (around 2.7 million gallons) of water per day. Treating well water, to provide filtered, demineralised, high-purity and potable water, the system combines ultrafiltration, high-efficiency reverse osmosis and ionexchange technologies, together with enhanced sedimentation. It is scheduled to be delivered in late 2020, and commissioned in early 2021. Commenting on this contract, Henry Charrabé, Managing Director and CEO, Fluence, said: ‘This represents our second order from the Argentinian lithium industry in the past month and our fifth order overall in the past few years.’ ‘Our decentralised, standardised and pre-engineered solutions are ideal for remote personnel camps and industrial operations, as they are fast to deploy, easy to move and require minimal operations and maintenance. We look forward to growing our presence in the nascent lithium industry and to offering standardised, pre-engineered solutions to industrial clients around the world.’ As reported towards the end of 2019 (Membrane Technology November 2019, pages 5–7) Fluence is seeing continued interest in its submerged membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) (SUBRE) and AspiralTM systems and growth in their use worldwide. This is particularly true in China, where recent activity concerning these technologies has featured prominently in news from the company. For further information, visit: www.fluencecorp.com
flavours, fragrances and active cosmetic ingredients. Under the BOO contract – with a minimum value of A$1.7 million – De.mem will operate a containerised wastewater treatment system on-site at the Swiss firm’s factory in Singapore. This is the second major project involving the same customer, for the Australian–Singaporean water and wastewater treatment company. The system will treat wastewater generated by the manufacturer’s production process to ensure that it meets legal discharge standards. This will ensure that the treated wastewater is safe to discharge into the public sewer. The system will use various wastewater treatment processes, and De.mem says that its membrane technology is used in a key step to achieve the desired treatment result. It will also use its wastewater treatment chemicals as part of the treatment process. Andreas Kroell, CEO, De.mem, said: ‘The new contract highlights De.mem’s unique capability to offer, and build, own and operate solutions for industrial clients. Our BOO model offers clients a hassle-free, convenient service. Correspondingly, it provides stable, recurring and long-term revenue streams to De.mem.’ ‘De.mem’s BOO and service offering is based on our innovative membrane technology, which gives us a key competitive advantage. It is backed by our capability to operate and service integrated water and wastewater treatment plants and the extended range of equipment, consumables and chemicals supplied, also as a result of the recent acquisition of German wastewater treatment chemicals supplier Geutec Industrie- und Abwassertechnik GmbH.’ As an aside, De.mem’s proprietary microfiltration (MF) membrane technology is targeted at clients operating in the food and beverage sector as reported towards the end of 2019 (Membrane Technology November 2019, page 14). The company says that the potential applications for its MF membranes are extensive. For example, they can be deployed in the processing of beverages such as wine and beer, and for dairy products, and also used in potable and wastewater treatment. For further information, visit: www.demembranes.com
De.mem signs BOO Brazil’s largest SWRO contract with manufacturer of flavours plant set to use Toray’s RO and UF membranes e.mem Ltd has signed a build,
D
own and operate (BOO) contract with Givaudan, a manufacturer of
M
embrane technology developed by Japan’s Toray Industries Inc has been
January 2020
NEWS selected for use in a sea-water reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination facility for a producer of steel based in Brazil. Expected to be operational by the fourth quarter of 2020, the facility, which is set to become the largest in the country, will use Toray’s ROMEMBRATM RO and TORAYFILTM ultrafiltration (UF) membrane technologies. ArcelorMittal – currently one of the largest steel producers in the world – contracted Fluence Corp through an international tender process for the design, engineering and construction work. Initially, the SWRO plant will be able to treat 12 000 m3 (about 3 170 000 gallons) of water, per day, but this volume is expandable to 24 000 m3 and 36 000 m3 (around 6 340 000 gallons and 9 510 000 gallons, respectively) per day. According to ArcelorMittal, the desalination plant will be the first in Brazil to operate exclusively with sea water, placing the facility at the forefront of sustainable water management for the company. The principal objective of the plant is to decentralise the company’s reliance on the state’s water supply, and contribute to water security to surrounding communities that rely on the same source of fresh water. TORAYFIL pressurised hollow-fibre UF membrane modules, based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), will be used to pretreat the sea water before it is conveyed to the ROMEMBRA sea-water desalination membrane elements, which remove salt. The desalinated sea-water will also pass through ROMEMBRA durable ‘D-Family’ brackish water RO membrane elements for additional polishing, before it is stored for distribution. Toray recently received orders for its ROMEMBRA RO membranes from Saudi Arabia. They are being used in the Shoaibah3 Extension2 and Shoaibah4 desalination plants (Membrane Technology November 2019, page 3). As reported previously, in 2012 Toray supplied its ROMEMBRA RO membranes for use in two sea-water desalination plants that at the time were being constructed in the United Arab Emirates (Membrane Technology October 2012, pages 2–3).
that are suitable for small-to-medium industrial applications. The specialist filtration and environmental technologies group says that the five recently launched filters – specific features of which are summarised below – exhibit a number of different properties and have been developed to be used in many industries, including water and chemical processes, and sanitary capsules for pharmaceutical manufacturing.
For further information, visit: www.toray.com & www.fluencecorp.com
The extended range builds on Porvair’s existing industrial range, providing a full suite of capsule and cartridge filters to support liquid and gas applications across all industrial and process sectors. Mike Hughes, General Manager, Porvair, said: ‘The addition of a sanitary and industrial range of capsules, to our already market-leading printing range, equips us with a portfolio of cartridges and capsules across all industry sectors.’ Porvair recently added the TeffilTM range of high-flow PTFE membrane filters and QuicklokTM housings to the range of liquid,
Porvair adds sanitary and industrial capsules to its Microcap range
P
orvair Filtration Group has expanded its range of microfiltration (MF) products by introducing a range of new MicrocapTM capsule filters in sizes
January 2020
• Microcap PES capsules are hydrophilic, double-layered polyethersulfone (PES) membrane filters. They are used for sterile filtration in critical pharmaceutical applications, such as: sterilising filtration of USP water for injection (WFI), diagnostic solutions, vaccines, ophthalmics, small-volume and largevolume parenterals (SVPs and LVPs), and biological products. • Microcap PPP capsules, which are made from polypropylene (PP) microfibre media, are designed to have an optimal filtration area, and are capable of removing large amounts of particulate and other contaminants. They can be used for the pre-filtration of bulk pharmaceutical chemicals, water, buffers, solvents, alcohols and other liquids. • Microcap GPP capsules are made from PP microfibre media and also have a maximum filtration area. This enables them to remove large amounts of particulate and other contaminants over a long filter service life. They are used for the removal of particulate contaminants from water, inks, dyes and speciality chemicals. • Microcap PFE capsules are manufactured for the critical needs of the pharmaceutical industry. Containing a highly hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane, they are used for the filtration of non-aqueous liquids, aggressive solvents, compressed gases, and may be used as vent filters. • Microcap PNY capsules are designed to be used for sterilising grade filtration. The high-quality nylon membrane is optimised for retention. Nylon capsules see broad service in sterile fill applications in SVPs and as bioburden management filters in LVPs.
air and gas filtration products that it offers (Membrane Technology December 2019, page 3). For further information, visit: www.porvair.com & www.porvairfiltration.com
Salt production facility in Korea employs Modern Water’s largest AMBC
M
odern Water Plc reports that it has secured the sale of its largest – by volume – all-membrane brine concentrator (AMBC) system. It is set to be used in a deep sea-water salt production project in South Korea. The facility will be capable of treating around 13 m3 (3400 gallons) per hour – concentrating sea water sourced from a depth of up to 600 m (1970 ft). Modern Water, which specialises in membranebased water treatment systems and monitoring products, says salt production from sea water offers environmental benefits compared with land-based salt mining, which can result in environmental problems because of the waste it generates and health hazards posed to salt miners. The project is being executed in conjunction with Hangzhou Shangtuo Environmental Science and Technology Co Ltd (Sunup), the firm’s partner in China. Simon Humphrey, CEO, Modern Water, said: ‘Our partnership with Sunup is capable of delivering our innovative technology directly to customers across China – and now also in Asian markets beyond China, such as South Korea.’ Humphrey says that this is Modern Water’s largest single AMBC plant yet and follows on from various successful plants we have designed with our partners in India and China.’ Noah Tan, CEO Sunup, added: ‘As the key process in this salt production project we will be using Modern Water’s AMBC, the high saline modular concentration technology. AMBC enables our customers to achieve higher concentration levels than traditional membrane techniques and reduces the need for chemicals in salt production.’ ‘AMBC is a step-change in efficiency, significantly reducing operating costs for our customers. It is also versatile and can be used across many different industries.’ Modern Water made the first sale of its proprietary AMBC technology in China in 2017, as reported in Membrane Technology’s sister publication Filtration Industry Analyst (November 2017, page 4).
Membrane Technology
3