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Brief Summary of the Organization and Prospects of the Veterinary Profession in the Netherlands
The Veterinary
:1 ournaf.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE ORGA IZATION AND PROSPECTS OF THE VETERI ARY PROFESSION IN THE NETHERLANDS. Bv DR. W. C. SCHI MMEL. Professor ill tile Ulrul,t Veterinary Scllool. VETERINARY science and its practice flourish in the Netherlands. On account of the grad ual dying out of the empi rics, and the genera l prosperity of agriculture and stock-breeding, veterinary surgeons are highly a pprecia ted. Th e number of doctors cann ot adequately supply the demand; various rural district councils offer considerable subsidies (up to more than {8S) to veterinary surgeons in order to induce them to settle in the locality. The provinces, moreover, also contribute towards these grants. Many prefer , with a n eye to th e future, to become State officials. The Civil Veterin ary Service is presided over by an inspector w hose offices are in The Hag ue . H e is in addition inspector of the meat supply. In accordance with the law of July 27,1870, for regulating the veterinary State supervision and the veterinary police, the conntry has been placed under the superintendence of certain veterinary surgeons appointed by the State, and called" District Veterinary Surgeons, " at present fourteen ill number. These officers are responsible to the inspector above me ntioned. There are, moreover, a few assistant district veterinary surgeons. Further, certain "Government Veterinary Surgeons" have been appointed by the Government for the purpose of inspecting and applying the tuberculin test to living cattle exported from some harbours . Furthermore, the Government has also nominated "State Inspectors " for general and for parti cular service. Their office consists in the examination of meat destined for export; those" in general service" are not allowed to practise for themstlves; their salaries amou nt to {13 3 to {200. The " State In spectors in particular service," however, do ca rryon a practice of their own. Sometimes the functions of State Inspector and Government Veterinary Surgeon are united ill the same' person, These positions are a result of the law of May 1,1909, which requires the inspec tion of meat intended for exportation . A similar Act, for the general in spection of meat throughout the country, is now in course of preparation, and will shortly be submitted to the consideration of both Hou ses of Parliament. Thanks to the excellent maintenance of the ordinances of the
Veterinary Profession zn the Neth erlands
40 I
veterinary police, the Netherlands are now freed from rinderpest, pleuro-pneumonia contagiosa boyum, sheep-pox, foot-and-mouth disease, hydrophobia and glanders, while scabies in horses and sheep and panaritiuI11 interdigitalis infectiosa ovis only occur sporadically. The repression of swine plague, hog cholera, and swine erysipelas, of anthrax and tuberculosis, has not yet been successfully accomplished. With a view to giving the speediest possible effect to the provisions of the law in case of infectious diseases, each district veterinary surgeon has a number of lieutenants to take his place (among the ve terinary surgeons in his own district). Nearly every larger urban district has its own specially appointed veterinary surgeon, who is at the same time charged with the inspection of cattle and meat. The number of abattoirs steadily increases; in the more important districts a number of veterinary doctors are attached to them, in the capacity of director, s ub-director, or inspecting surgeon. In a few cases they are also charged with the inspection of milk and dairy products. Moreover, veterinary doctors are also connected with companies for insuring horses and cattle, either as directors or inspectors. More than ten years ago the Serum I nstitute at Rotterdam was opened under the auspices of the State, and under the direction of P rofessor Dr. Poels. This Institute, intended for the preparation of sera against various diseases, has gradually extended, and is at present in a most flourishing condition. Several veterinary doctors are connected therewith. The sera were at first supplied free of charge, but now is sold at a moderate tariff. The Royal Veterinary College prospers exceedingly; during the school year 1913-1914, 212 students were entered. Instruction is given by thirteen professors, of whom nine are veterinary surgeons ; only certain particular branches are taught by non-vete rinary instructors. Moreover, two special professors, two lecturers, two dissectors, four conservators (three of them veterinary doctors) and nine assistants (seven being veterinary doctors) are employed here. The number of new buildings constantly increases; at present funds are being supplied for building new institutes for surgery and for parasitic and infectious diseases. The Bill to raise the Veterinary College to the status of a university may soon be expected to come before the Second Chamber. The expenses incurred by the Government in respect of the Royal Ve terinary College during the year 1913 were as follows : -
402
Th e Veterinary Journal. FI. Cost of staff and materials The receipts amounted to
183 ,82 3·73~
35 ,759. 0 7
Thus net a mount of grant
The military veterinary service In tbe N e therlands still remain s under the control of the I nspector·General of the Medical Service of the Territorial Forces, in whose bureau a Veterinary LieutenantColonel has a place. The latter has under him three veterinarians with th e rank of major, twelve with that of captain, and thirteen with the rank of first lieutenant. The rank of second lieutenant for veterinary surgeons has been abolished. There are, moreover, eighteen reserve veterinarians wi th the rank of . first lieutenant. There is reason to hope th a t they will soon get an independent chief with the rank of colonel. In the Dut ch East Indies there are military veterinarians, civil veterinary surgeons appointed by the State, municipal veterinary s urgeon s (nominated by the muni cipal com mittees), " Government Veterinary Surgeons," and doctors hav ing a private practice. Further, we have veterinary doctors (professors) for training the native practitioners, and at the Laboratory in Buiten zorg for the in vestigation of sick cattl e and of disease-products. Then there are native doctors holding the old dipl oma (training with a veterinary surgeon , followed by a simplif1ed examination) and the diploma awarded by the Veterinary College of Buitenzorg (Java) . The civil veterinary surgeons are respon sible to an inspector and two sub-inspectors. There are about fort y European Government veterinary surgeons, four European municipal veterinary surgeons, and four Europeans in private practice. Th ere are, furthermore, at the Laboratory in Buitenzorg three European veterinary doctors employed, while four others are attached to the vet erinary college there. It costs the Gove rnment a g reat deal of trouble to secure an adequate number of European qualified men. The military veterinarians' in the Dutch Indies are unde r the command of a lieutenant -colonel (veterinary) with the title of in spector; under him serve four qualified men with the ra nk of captain, and half-a-dozen first lieutenant s. In the Dutch West Indies there is only one Government veterinary surgeon, nominated by the State, namely, at Paramaribo ; he is at the same time director of the abattoir in that town.
:1 ournaf.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE ORGA IZATION AND PROSPECTS OF THE VETERI ARY PROFESSION IN THE NETHERLANDS. Bv DR. W. C. SCHI MMEL. Professor ill tile Ulrul,t Veterinary Scllool. VETERINARY science and its practice flourish in the Netherlands. On account of the grad ual dying out of the empi rics, and the genera l prosperity of agriculture and stock-breeding, veterinary surgeons are highly a pprecia ted. Th e number of doctors cann ot adequately supply the demand; various rural district councils offer considerable subsidies (up to more than {8S) to veterinary surgeons in order to induce them to settle in the locality. The provinces, moreover, also contribute towards these grants. Many prefer , with a n eye to th e future, to become State officials. The Civil Veterin ary Service is presided over by an inspector w hose offices are in The Hag ue . H e is in addition inspector of the meat supply. In accordance with the law of July 27,1870, for regulating the veterinary State supervision and the veterinary police, the conntry has been placed under the superintendence of certain veterinary surgeons appointed by the State, and called" District Veterinary Surgeons, " at present fourteen ill number. These officers are responsible to the inspector above me ntioned. There are, moreover, a few assistant district veterinary surgeons. Further, certain "Government Veterinary Surgeons" have been appointed by the Government for the purpose of inspecting and applying the tuberculin test to living cattle exported from some harbours . Furthermore, the Government has also nominated "State Inspectors " for general and for parti cular service. Their office consists in the examination of meat destined for export; those" in general service" are not allowed to practise for themstlves; their salaries amou nt to {13 3 to {200. The " State In spectors in particular service," however, do ca rryon a practice of their own. Sometimes the functions of State Inspector and Government Veterinary Surgeon are united ill the same' person, These positions are a result of the law of May 1,1909, which requires the inspec tion of meat intended for exportation . A similar Act, for the general in spection of meat throughout the country, is now in course of preparation, and will shortly be submitted to the consideration of both Hou ses of Parliament. Thanks to the excellent maintenance of the ordinances of the
Veterinary Profession zn the Neth erlands
40 I
veterinary police, the Netherlands are now freed from rinderpest, pleuro-pneumonia contagiosa boyum, sheep-pox, foot-and-mouth disease, hydrophobia and glanders, while scabies in horses and sheep and panaritiuI11 interdigitalis infectiosa ovis only occur sporadically. The repression of swine plague, hog cholera, and swine erysipelas, of anthrax and tuberculosis, has not yet been successfully accomplished. With a view to giving the speediest possible effect to the provisions of the law in case of infectious diseases, each district veterinary surgeon has a number of lieutenants to take his place (among the ve terinary surgeons in his own district). Nearly every larger urban district has its own specially appointed veterinary surgeon, who is at the same time charged with the inspection of cattle and meat. The number of abattoirs steadily increases; in the more important districts a number of veterinary doctors are attached to them, in the capacity of director, s ub-director, or inspecting surgeon. In a few cases they are also charged with the inspection of milk and dairy products. Moreover, veterinary doctors are also connected with companies for insuring horses and cattle, either as directors or inspectors. More than ten years ago the Serum I nstitute at Rotterdam was opened under the auspices of the State, and under the direction of P rofessor Dr. Poels. This Institute, intended for the preparation of sera against various diseases, has gradually extended, and is at present in a most flourishing condition. Several veterinary doctors are connected therewith. The sera were at first supplied free of charge, but now is sold at a moderate tariff. The Royal Veterinary College prospers exceedingly; during the school year 1913-1914, 212 students were entered. Instruction is given by thirteen professors, of whom nine are veterinary surgeons ; only certain particular branches are taught by non-vete rinary instructors. Moreover, two special professors, two lecturers, two dissectors, four conservators (three of them veterinary doctors) and nine assistants (seven being veterinary doctors) are employed here. The number of new buildings constantly increases; at present funds are being supplied for building new institutes for surgery and for parasitic and infectious diseases. The Bill to raise the Veterinary College to the status of a university may soon be expected to come before the Second Chamber. The expenses incurred by the Government in respect of the Royal Ve terinary College during the year 1913 were as follows : -
402
Th e Veterinary Journal. FI. Cost of staff and materials The receipts amounted to
183 ,82 3·73~
35 ,759. 0 7
Thus net a mount of grant
The military veterinary service In tbe N e therlands still remain s under the control of the I nspector·General of the Medical Service of the Territorial Forces, in whose bureau a Veterinary LieutenantColonel has a place. The latter has under him three veterinarians with th e rank of major, twelve with that of captain, and thirteen with the rank of first lieutenant. The rank of second lieutenant for veterinary surgeons has been abolished. There are, moreover, eighteen reserve veterinarians wi th the rank of . first lieutenant. There is reason to hope th a t they will soon get an independent chief with the rank of colonel. In the Dut ch East Indies there are military veterinarians, civil veterinary surgeons appointed by the State, municipal veterinary s urgeon s (nominated by the muni cipal com mittees), " Government Veterinary Surgeons," and doctors hav ing a private practice. Further, we have veterinary doctors (professors) for training the native practitioners, and at the Laboratory in Buiten zorg for the in vestigation of sick cattl e and of disease-products. Then there are native doctors holding the old dipl oma (training with a veterinary surgeon , followed by a simplif1ed examination) and the diploma awarded by the Veterinary College of Buitenzorg (Java) . The civil veterinary surgeons are respon sible to an inspector and two sub-inspectors. There are about fort y European Government veterinary surgeons, four European municipal veterinary surgeons, and four Europeans in private practice. Th ere are, furthermore, at the Laboratory in Buitenzorg three European veterinary doctors employed, while four others are attached to the vet erinary college there. It costs the Gove rnment a g reat deal of trouble to secure an adequate number of European qualified men. The military veterinarians' in the Dutch Indies are unde r the command of a lieutenant -colonel (veterinary) with the title of in spector; under him serve four qualified men with the ra nk of captain, and half-a-dozen first lieutenant s. In the Dutch West Indies there is only one Government veterinary surgeon, nominated by the State, namely, at Paramaribo ; he is at the same time director of the abattoir in that town.