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CAD and its application to railway infrastructure engineering for urban transport site
120A
ROCK BREAKAGE:DRILLING
discrete blocks is applied. The Mohr-Coulomb yielding criterion is assumed for the continuous media and the corresponding yielding surface is represented by a polyhedron circumscribed to the actual surface. The obtained problem is a linear programming one and the Simplex algorithm is used. The examples presented illustrate the validity and efficiency of the formulation. (Authors)
953120 Applications of computational mechanics to underground structures in hydraulic projects L. Ribeiro e Sousa, L. Nolasco Lamas & C. Souza Martins, in: Applications of computational mechanics in geotechnical engineering. Prec. workshop, Rio de Janeiro, 1991, ed E.A. Vargas & & others, (Balkema), 1994, pp 15-88. A brief description of the phenomena and problems associated with underground structures in hydraulic projects is presented, namely in what concerns the powerhouses, surge chambers and pressure tunnels and shafts. An analysis of the calculation methodologies followed in the structural design of this works is presented, as well as of the numerical models usually adopted, namely finite and boundary element models. Finally, some applications of computational mechanics are presented. First, a parameter study for underground powerhouses, with special emphasis in the definition of shapes, existence of several caverns, and in the tridimensional equilibria is described. Afterwards, examples of application to some hydraulic projects are illustrated: a large underground powerhouse in Mozambique, the Alto Lindoso hydroelectric power scheme in construction in the north of Portugal, and the Castelo do Bode tunnel, in operation, integrated in the water supply system to Lisbon (Authors)
953121 Alternative user interfaces for programs that model nonlinear systems P. A. Cundall, in: Applications of computational mechanics in
geotechnical engineering. Prec. workshop, Rio de Janeiro, 1991, ed E.A. Vargas & & others, (Balkema), 1994, pp 343-
953123 CAD and its application to railway infrastructure engineering for urban transport site P. Girbal, P. Reiss & L. Gratiot, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Prec. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salam, (Balkema), 1994, pp 653-655. Within the scope of its railway engineering work for public transport, the Paris Independent Transport Authority (RATP) has added certain special tools to its computer aided design system, which performs the computings to define a tunnel section, taking into account the specifications of the rolling stock using the tunnel, and also to draw up a rail layout using interactive site plans and elevations. This document sets out the range of functions offered by this system and the working methods associated with its use. (Authors)
953124 Analytical models for brittle geomnterials R. Rosas e Silva, in: Applications of computational mechanics
in geotechnical engineering. Prec. workshop, Rio de Janeiro, 1991, ed E.A. Vargas & & others, (Balkema), 1994, pp 89103. Brittle behavior requires for its modeling a departure from the classical theories to achieve a practical result. The material can be viewed as a complex structure whose behavior is governed by interaction on local and global scales. There appears to be no theory at this time that can describe adequately such phenomena for engineering purposes in general. Several areas of applied science are involved in such studies, from theoretical elasticity to applied numerical analysis and computer programming. The research undertaken at PUC-Rio has used numerical analysis (finite element method) aiming to understand the behavior of the material concrete, which presents similarities with rocks and other geomaterials concerning softening. In addition, certain ongoing projects in this area may interest both the gcotechnical and structural fields. Each piece in this rather far from complete puzzle has been the subject of an academic thesis under the author's supervision. (from Author)
352. There is a trend towards computer programs with menubased, graphical interfaces. This type of user interface makes a program friendly and easy to use, but it may not be appropriate for a general-purpose simulation program that models the nonlinear, path-dependent processes that are common in geomechauics. Examples are presented of two contrasting approaches: a general, language-based simulator and a specialized, menu-based program. A third approach is proposed that retains generality as well as user-friendliness - a script-driven restricted menu system. Such packages may lead to greater quality in the design process because the nonspecialist can have easy and painless access to a nonlinear simulator, and use it as a check on more conventional analysis methods. (Author)
953125 Bootstrap estimation of uncertainty and its application (in Chinese) Chen Hanyao & Hu Yuxian, Earthquake Engineering & Engineering Vibration, 14(1), 1994, pp 1-7.
953122 CANAsand and its application H. B. Poorooshasb, in: Applications of computational
ROCK BREAKAGE
mechanics in geotechnical engineering. Prec. workshop, Rio de Janeiro, 1991, ¢d E.A. Vargas & & others, (Balkema),
In this paper a new numerical method, Bootstrap method, is introduced for the estimation of uncertainty. The advantage of this method is to fit the observed data directly without distribution assumption. Compared with the traditional statistical methods, it shows the ability to solve those difficult problems for traditional methods. As a practical application, it is used in the paper to estimate the parameters' uncertainty in the earthquake magnitude - frequency law.
(English summary)
Drilling
1994, pp 213-241. CANAsand is a constitutive model describing the flow of granular media. This model is a unified approach to the description of flow behavior of granular materials in the sense that all 'states' are related to an 'ultimate state'. In this way a change of density of a sample, for example, can be traced throughout its entire flow history. Such a refinement is essential in dealing with complicated loading conditions such as those encountered in earthquakes or response of shallow seabeds to wave actions. (from Author)
953126 Drilling long salt sections along the US Gulf Coast J. W. Barker, K. W. Feland & Y-H. Tsao, SPE Drilling & Completion, 9(3), 1994, pp 185-188. As the petroleum industry has matured along the US gulf coast, the need to drill long salt sections to reach hydrocarbons has increased. This paper summarizes the special techniques that have been developed to drill long salt sections and reviews case histories where long salt sections have been
ROCK BREAKAGE:DRILLING
discrete blocks is applied. The Mohr-Coulomb yielding criterion is assumed for the continuous media and the corresponding yielding surface is represented by a polyhedron circumscribed to the actual surface. The obtained problem is a linear programming one and the Simplex algorithm is used. The examples presented illustrate the validity and efficiency of the formulation. (Authors)
953120 Applications of computational mechanics to underground structures in hydraulic projects L. Ribeiro e Sousa, L. Nolasco Lamas & C. Souza Martins, in: Applications of computational mechanics in geotechnical engineering. Prec. workshop, Rio de Janeiro, 1991, ed E.A. Vargas & & others, (Balkema), 1994, pp 15-88. A brief description of the phenomena and problems associated with underground structures in hydraulic projects is presented, namely in what concerns the powerhouses, surge chambers and pressure tunnels and shafts. An analysis of the calculation methodologies followed in the structural design of this works is presented, as well as of the numerical models usually adopted, namely finite and boundary element models. Finally, some applications of computational mechanics are presented. First, a parameter study for underground powerhouses, with special emphasis in the definition of shapes, existence of several caverns, and in the tridimensional equilibria is described. Afterwards, examples of application to some hydraulic projects are illustrated: a large underground powerhouse in Mozambique, the Alto Lindoso hydroelectric power scheme in construction in the north of Portugal, and the Castelo do Bode tunnel, in operation, integrated in the water supply system to Lisbon (Authors)
953121 Alternative user interfaces for programs that model nonlinear systems P. A. Cundall, in: Applications of computational mechanics in
geotechnical engineering. Prec. workshop, Rio de Janeiro, 1991, ed E.A. Vargas & & others, (Balkema), 1994, pp 343-
953123 CAD and its application to railway infrastructure engineering for urban transport site P. Girbal, P. Reiss & L. Gratiot, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Prec. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salam, (Balkema), 1994, pp 653-655. Within the scope of its railway engineering work for public transport, the Paris Independent Transport Authority (RATP) has added certain special tools to its computer aided design system, which performs the computings to define a tunnel section, taking into account the specifications of the rolling stock using the tunnel, and also to draw up a rail layout using interactive site plans and elevations. This document sets out the range of functions offered by this system and the working methods associated with its use. (Authors)
953124 Analytical models for brittle geomnterials R. Rosas e Silva, in: Applications of computational mechanics
in geotechnical engineering. Prec. workshop, Rio de Janeiro, 1991, ed E.A. Vargas & & others, (Balkema), 1994, pp 89103. Brittle behavior requires for its modeling a departure from the classical theories to achieve a practical result. The material can be viewed as a complex structure whose behavior is governed by interaction on local and global scales. There appears to be no theory at this time that can describe adequately such phenomena for engineering purposes in general. Several areas of applied science are involved in such studies, from theoretical elasticity to applied numerical analysis and computer programming. The research undertaken at PUC-Rio has used numerical analysis (finite element method) aiming to understand the behavior of the material concrete, which presents similarities with rocks and other geomaterials concerning softening. In addition, certain ongoing projects in this area may interest both the gcotechnical and structural fields. Each piece in this rather far from complete puzzle has been the subject of an academic thesis under the author's supervision. (from Author)
352. There is a trend towards computer programs with menubased, graphical interfaces. This type of user interface makes a program friendly and easy to use, but it may not be appropriate for a general-purpose simulation program that models the nonlinear, path-dependent processes that are common in geomechauics. Examples are presented of two contrasting approaches: a general, language-based simulator and a specialized, menu-based program. A third approach is proposed that retains generality as well as user-friendliness - a script-driven restricted menu system. Such packages may lead to greater quality in the design process because the nonspecialist can have easy and painless access to a nonlinear simulator, and use it as a check on more conventional analysis methods. (Author)
953125 Bootstrap estimation of uncertainty and its application (in Chinese) Chen Hanyao & Hu Yuxian, Earthquake Engineering & Engineering Vibration, 14(1), 1994, pp 1-7.
953122 CANAsand and its application H. B. Poorooshasb, in: Applications of computational
ROCK BREAKAGE
mechanics in geotechnical engineering. Prec. workshop, Rio de Janeiro, 1991, ¢d E.A. Vargas & & others, (Balkema),
In this paper a new numerical method, Bootstrap method, is introduced for the estimation of uncertainty. The advantage of this method is to fit the observed data directly without distribution assumption. Compared with the traditional statistical methods, it shows the ability to solve those difficult problems for traditional methods. As a practical application, it is used in the paper to estimate the parameters' uncertainty in the earthquake magnitude - frequency law.
(English summary)
Drilling
1994, pp 213-241. CANAsand is a constitutive model describing the flow of granular media. This model is a unified approach to the description of flow behavior of granular materials in the sense that all 'states' are related to an 'ultimate state'. In this way a change of density of a sample, for example, can be traced throughout its entire flow history. Such a refinement is essential in dealing with complicated loading conditions such as those encountered in earthquakes or response of shallow seabeds to wave actions. (from Author)
953126 Drilling long salt sections along the US Gulf Coast J. W. Barker, K. W. Feland & Y-H. Tsao, SPE Drilling & Completion, 9(3), 1994, pp 185-188. As the petroleum industry has matured along the US gulf coast, the need to drill long salt sections to reach hydrocarbons has increased. This paper summarizes the special techniques that have been developed to drill long salt sections and reviews case histories where long salt sections have been