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Can a 5 week strength training program produce range of motion adaptations in amateur female tennis players?
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Thursday 16 October Posters / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 18S (2014) e72–e107
35 Evaluation of a clinical screening tool for assessing lower limb landing patterns in a community setting S. Moule ∗ , N. Saunders Deakin University, Australia Introduction: Developed as a screening tool with clinical applications, the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) identifies individuals with poor jump-landing technique indicative of increased risk for non-contact ACL injuries. This potentially provides a cost-effective option within the constraints of a real life coaching environment to maximise the capacity to screen and assess the effectiveness of interventions in wider community settings. This study examined the efficacy of the LESS in evaluating the changes that may occur in lower limb landing patterns of female netball players following the completion of a sport-specific injury prevention program embedded in the warm up of training sessions. Methods: Two regional netball teams from the same competition participated in this study. Team A (n = 6, age 21.8 ± 6, height 175.5 ± 8, weight 67.1 ± 7) completed a six-week sport-specific intervention program, while Team B (n = 5, age 19.2 ± 1, height 165.9 ± 9, weight 67 ± 8.5) served as a control. LESS scores were recorded at baseline and post-intervention. The effect of the intervention program on LESS scores was assessed using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: LESS scores decreased following the six-week period for both the intervention (5.5 ± 1.5 vs. 4.2 ± 1.7) and control (7.0 ± 2.1 vs. 6.8 ± 2.0) groups. ANOVA revealed no significant main effects were found for group (p = 0.097) or time (p = 0.178); and no significant group by time interaction (p = 0.374). Discussion: The statistics indicate that the LESS did not detect changes from the intervention. Possible considerations may include whether the intervention changed landing mechanics, and if it did, whether the LESS was sensitive enough to detect those changes. A limitation of the study may be that the sample size was too small to detect a difference as a result of the intervention. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.341 36 Can a 5 week strength training program produce range of motion adaptations in amateur female tennis players? A. Shim ∗ , Y. Niederbracht The University of South Dakota, United States Background: Tennis requires biomechanical demands upon the body. Theses forces cause adaptive changes in maximum strength of the internal and external shoulder rotator muscles and range of motion, potentially putting the athlete at increased risk for injury The purpose of this study was to assess strength and range of motion adaptations in amateur tennis players and to further assess the effects of a strength training program on the dominant and non-dominant arm. Methods: Subjects of this study were twelve collegiate women tennis players (Div II and NAIA). After initial assessment, six subjects participated in a 5 week, 4 times a week, preseason strength training program consisting of five exercises: External Rotation 90◦ , Seated Row, Scaption, Chest Press, and External Shoulder Rotation (Rubber tubing). The second group of six collegiate women tennis players from a different institution (NAIA) acted as a control group. Effects of the strength training program were evaluated by
comparing pre- and post-training data of five 20 s bouts of eccentric external immediately followed by concentric internal contractions on a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer. Results: The results showed that there were no significant changes in ROM in the experimental group when compared to the control group. This study observed poor internal flexibility on the dominant arm among all subjects. Standard values established by Kibler et al. (1996) found dominant internal range of motion to be 43.3◦ , dominant external range of motion to be 126.5◦ , nondominant internal range of motion to be 72.8◦ , and non-dominant external range of motion equal to 120.7◦ from a group of 19 female tennis players with an average age of 18 years. Discussion: Overall, internal range of motion measurements obtained in this study were significantly lower than those obtained by Roetert and Ellenbecker (1998) and Kibler et al. (1996). This might be due to the testing protocol being conducted in a seated position, with the elbow fixed in customized support, versus supine with the elbow loose (Appendix D). By isolating the elbow, variation from movement was not possible. In conclusion, a strength training program is highly recommended for female overhead athletes combined with a proper flexibility regimen to promote best practice. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.342 37 Sports taping affects perception of performance but does not affect actual jump height and athletic agility performance M. Constantinou 1,2,∗ , M. Brown 2,3 1 Griffith University, School of Allied Health Sciences, Australia 2 Griffith University, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Griffith Health, Australia 3 Sports Medicine Australia, Australia
Introduction: Rigid and elastic adhesive sports taping is commonly used by athletes for injury prevention and/or in the belief tape can improve sporting performance. There is limited knowledge on the effects of different tapes on athlete’s perception of performance compared to their actual performance. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the effect of 4 different tape conditions on athlete’s perception of their performance on athletic tests before and after 20 minutes of exercise and (2) the relationship of their perception to their actual performance. Method: A repeated measures design study with 4 randomised tape conditions; elastic adhesive (K-tape), rigid, sham and no tape conditions for either the ankle or the thigh. 22 (11 male, 11 female) healthy active participants aged 20–35 years (mean and SD 23.9 ± 3.9) were tested for each condition on 4 different days, minimum 24 h apart. Both participants and assessors were blinded to the tape condition. Outcome measures included vertical jump height (VJH), Illinois Agility Test (IAT), visual analogue ratings (0–10) of perception of performance both immediately after being taped and after 20 min of exercise. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustments examined the effect of tape conditions on perception and performance and the Pearson correlation coefficient examined the relationship between the measures. Results: There was an effect of tape condition (Wilks’ Lambda = .561, F(18,164) = 2.07, p < .009) with a significant negative effect of rigid tape on perception of performance immediately post taping (p = .006) but not after 20 min of exercise (p = .232). There was no significant effect of any tape conditions immediately post tape or after 20 min exercise on VJH and IAT performance
Thursday 16 October Posters / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 18S (2014) e72–e107
35 Evaluation of a clinical screening tool for assessing lower limb landing patterns in a community setting S. Moule ∗ , N. Saunders Deakin University, Australia Introduction: Developed as a screening tool with clinical applications, the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) identifies individuals with poor jump-landing technique indicative of increased risk for non-contact ACL injuries. This potentially provides a cost-effective option within the constraints of a real life coaching environment to maximise the capacity to screen and assess the effectiveness of interventions in wider community settings. This study examined the efficacy of the LESS in evaluating the changes that may occur in lower limb landing patterns of female netball players following the completion of a sport-specific injury prevention program embedded in the warm up of training sessions. Methods: Two regional netball teams from the same competition participated in this study. Team A (n = 6, age 21.8 ± 6, height 175.5 ± 8, weight 67.1 ± 7) completed a six-week sport-specific intervention program, while Team B (n = 5, age 19.2 ± 1, height 165.9 ± 9, weight 67 ± 8.5) served as a control. LESS scores were recorded at baseline and post-intervention. The effect of the intervention program on LESS scores was assessed using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: LESS scores decreased following the six-week period for both the intervention (5.5 ± 1.5 vs. 4.2 ± 1.7) and control (7.0 ± 2.1 vs. 6.8 ± 2.0) groups. ANOVA revealed no significant main effects were found for group (p = 0.097) or time (p = 0.178); and no significant group by time interaction (p = 0.374). Discussion: The statistics indicate that the LESS did not detect changes from the intervention. Possible considerations may include whether the intervention changed landing mechanics, and if it did, whether the LESS was sensitive enough to detect those changes. A limitation of the study may be that the sample size was too small to detect a difference as a result of the intervention. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.341 36 Can a 5 week strength training program produce range of motion adaptations in amateur female tennis players? A. Shim ∗ , Y. Niederbracht The University of South Dakota, United States Background: Tennis requires biomechanical demands upon the body. Theses forces cause adaptive changes in maximum strength of the internal and external shoulder rotator muscles and range of motion, potentially putting the athlete at increased risk for injury The purpose of this study was to assess strength and range of motion adaptations in amateur tennis players and to further assess the effects of a strength training program on the dominant and non-dominant arm. Methods: Subjects of this study were twelve collegiate women tennis players (Div II and NAIA). After initial assessment, six subjects participated in a 5 week, 4 times a week, preseason strength training program consisting of five exercises: External Rotation 90◦ , Seated Row, Scaption, Chest Press, and External Shoulder Rotation (Rubber tubing). The second group of six collegiate women tennis players from a different institution (NAIA) acted as a control group. Effects of the strength training program were evaluated by
comparing pre- and post-training data of five 20 s bouts of eccentric external immediately followed by concentric internal contractions on a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer. Results: The results showed that there were no significant changes in ROM in the experimental group when compared to the control group. This study observed poor internal flexibility on the dominant arm among all subjects. Standard values established by Kibler et al. (1996) found dominant internal range of motion to be 43.3◦ , dominant external range of motion to be 126.5◦ , nondominant internal range of motion to be 72.8◦ , and non-dominant external range of motion equal to 120.7◦ from a group of 19 female tennis players with an average age of 18 years. Discussion: Overall, internal range of motion measurements obtained in this study were significantly lower than those obtained by Roetert and Ellenbecker (1998) and Kibler et al. (1996). This might be due to the testing protocol being conducted in a seated position, with the elbow fixed in customized support, versus supine with the elbow loose (Appendix D). By isolating the elbow, variation from movement was not possible. In conclusion, a strength training program is highly recommended for female overhead athletes combined with a proper flexibility regimen to promote best practice. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.342 37 Sports taping affects perception of performance but does not affect actual jump height and athletic agility performance M. Constantinou 1,2,∗ , M. Brown 2,3 1 Griffith University, School of Allied Health Sciences, Australia 2 Griffith University, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Griffith Health, Australia 3 Sports Medicine Australia, Australia
Introduction: Rigid and elastic adhesive sports taping is commonly used by athletes for injury prevention and/or in the belief tape can improve sporting performance. There is limited knowledge on the effects of different tapes on athlete’s perception of performance compared to their actual performance. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the effect of 4 different tape conditions on athlete’s perception of their performance on athletic tests before and after 20 minutes of exercise and (2) the relationship of their perception to their actual performance. Method: A repeated measures design study with 4 randomised tape conditions; elastic adhesive (K-tape), rigid, sham and no tape conditions for either the ankle or the thigh. 22 (11 male, 11 female) healthy active participants aged 20–35 years (mean and SD 23.9 ± 3.9) were tested for each condition on 4 different days, minimum 24 h apart. Both participants and assessors were blinded to the tape condition. Outcome measures included vertical jump height (VJH), Illinois Agility Test (IAT), visual analogue ratings (0–10) of perception of performance both immediately after being taped and after 20 min of exercise. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustments examined the effect of tape conditions on perception and performance and the Pearson correlation coefficient examined the relationship between the measures. Results: There was an effect of tape condition (Wilks’ Lambda = .561, F(18,164) = 2.07, p < .009) with a significant negative effect of rigid tape on perception of performance immediately post taping (p = .006) but not after 20 min of exercise (p = .232). There was no significant effect of any tape conditions immediately post tape or after 20 min exercise on VJH and IAT performance