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Cancer risk attributable to inhalation of plant protection products in the EU
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 258S (2016) S62–S324
P12-018 Biological contamination of urban soils in Leicester, UK, with Cryptosporidium spp.: A pilot study 1 , M. Lobo-Bedmar 2,∗ , F. Gould 1 , B. Khan 1 , S. ˜ A. Pena-Fernández Fenoy 3 , F. Izquierdo 3 , A. Magnet 3 , H. Hoosen 1 , C. Del Aguila De La Puente 3 1
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK 2 Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental, IMIDRA, Finca el Encín, Crta. Madrid-Barcelona Km, 38.2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain 3 Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain Environmental contamination with zoonotic microorganisms can have significant health and environmental implications due to their potential for producing large numbers of transmissive stages and their ability to survive in the environment for prolonged periods of time. This is especially relevant in urban environments because of the dramatic human population boom and urbanization. Cryptosporidium spp. is a zoonotic pathogen which can affect animals and humans. Although a major public health concern there is limited information about the occurrence and circulation of Cryptosporidium spp. in urban environments. 27 soil and animal faecal samples from birds, water birds, cats and dogs were collected in public parks and recreation areas in Leicester centre city between January and February 2016. Samples were collected on days with no rain to avoid problems of sample integrity. After appropriate preparation of each sample, detection of Cryptosporidium spp. was performed with the conventional parasitological technique of Kinyoun’s acid-fast staining and the immunoassay ImmunoCard STAT!® . None of the 27 samples collected was positive for these emerging pathogens, although we found structures that may be related to Cryptosporidium in one of the faecal smears from a dog. Despite the preliminary data described indicating a limited presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the public parks and recreational areas monitored, further more detailed knowledge of their circulation in these ecosystems will be crucial to assess the public risk to develop novel strategies to protect humans and increase the awareness of biological contamination of our environment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1764 P12-019 Residues of pesticides in breast milk of resident women in industrial/mining area and in agricultural area of the Region of Murcia M.T. Liza 1 , S. Jiménez Rejón 2 , J. Oliva 3 , M. Cámara 3 , A. Barba 3 , M.D. Pérez Cárceles 2 , M. Motas 1,∗
1
Toxicología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain Medicina Legal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain 3 Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain 2
Human breast milk is the most complete foodstuff for infants but also can be a potential source of exposure to toxic chemicals. The aim of this study is to assess the levels of various pesticides in breast milk of women living in agricultural area of Campo de Cartagena and industrial/mining area of Cartagena as Portman Bay. These areas of the region of Murcia are well known for their cases of environmental pollution. Portman Bay is the most degraded
S211
area of the Mediterranean by the action of mining. Others studies showed that breast milk from mother for this area have high levels of metal pollution and perfluorinated compounds. The analysis of pesticides for 53 samples of breast milk was measured by the QuEChERS extraction procedure which is an official method for multi-residue pesticide control standard. The results show that the most samples of breast milk are contaminated with 2,2bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (pp-DDE) and piperonyl butoxide. Pp-DDE is an organochlorine that appears in the samples with a variation of 0–19.11 ppb, mean = 2.068 and SD = 3.802. Piperonyl butoxide is a synergist of insecticide that appears in almost all samples of residual form (<1 ppb) however, one sample show level of 46,821 ppb. Our results show evidence of an association between pp-DDE concentrations in breast milk and place of birth (p = 0.021) and consumption of tuna (p = 0.011). Piperonyl butoxide show evidence of an association between consumption of beef (p = 0.049) and consumption of organic food (p = 0.049). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1765 P12-020 Cancer risk attributable to inhalation of plant protection products in the EU D. Sarigiannis Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Agricultural practices have important and wide-ranging impacts on health. Nevertheless, while many studies have investigated exposure to pesticides, few attempts have previously been made to assess health impact, which are generally characterized by small relative risks at individual levels but large population-level effects. Based on an EU-25 Active Substance (AS) emission inventory and mechanistic description of short range transport in the air, intake rates per AS and related crop were calculated, using data on body weight and inhalation rate (stratified by age and gender). These intake rates were used to determine the rural population’s risk to the carcinogenic AS, by appropriate use of exposure response functions and the exposed population to AS from a particular crop. Considering that pesticide inhalation occurs near its application, incidence rates were computed at spatial resolution 0.1 × 0.1 km and then results were aggregated at country level. Crops with non-negligible risk (i.e. above 1E-6) to the farmer population are cereals, oilseeds, vineyards and fruit trees. The highest 95-th percentile risk estimates are in Belgium (1.5E−06 from vineyards), in Denmark (1.6E−06 from vineyards), in Greece (2.8E−06 from fruit trees), in Netherlands (1.0E−05 from vineyards), in Romania (1.7E−06 from vineyards) and in Spain (1.0E−06 from fruit-trees). Based on our analyses, exposure and consequently risk at a distance of ca. 110 m from the application site is almost negligible. However, at distances lower than 100 m exposure to bystanders may be significant. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1766
P12-018 Biological contamination of urban soils in Leicester, UK, with Cryptosporidium spp.: A pilot study 1 , M. Lobo-Bedmar 2,∗ , F. Gould 1 , B. Khan 1 , S. ˜ A. Pena-Fernández Fenoy 3 , F. Izquierdo 3 , A. Magnet 3 , H. Hoosen 1 , C. Del Aguila De La Puente 3 1
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK 2 Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental, IMIDRA, Finca el Encín, Crta. Madrid-Barcelona Km, 38.2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain 3 Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain Environmental contamination with zoonotic microorganisms can have significant health and environmental implications due to their potential for producing large numbers of transmissive stages and their ability to survive in the environment for prolonged periods of time. This is especially relevant in urban environments because of the dramatic human population boom and urbanization. Cryptosporidium spp. is a zoonotic pathogen which can affect animals and humans. Although a major public health concern there is limited information about the occurrence and circulation of Cryptosporidium spp. in urban environments. 27 soil and animal faecal samples from birds, water birds, cats and dogs were collected in public parks and recreation areas in Leicester centre city between January and February 2016. Samples were collected on days with no rain to avoid problems of sample integrity. After appropriate preparation of each sample, detection of Cryptosporidium spp. was performed with the conventional parasitological technique of Kinyoun’s acid-fast staining and the immunoassay ImmunoCard STAT!® . None of the 27 samples collected was positive for these emerging pathogens, although we found structures that may be related to Cryptosporidium in one of the faecal smears from a dog. Despite the preliminary data described indicating a limited presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the public parks and recreational areas monitored, further more detailed knowledge of their circulation in these ecosystems will be crucial to assess the public risk to develop novel strategies to protect humans and increase the awareness of biological contamination of our environment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1764 P12-019 Residues of pesticides in breast milk of resident women in industrial/mining area and in agricultural area of the Region of Murcia M.T. Liza 1 , S. Jiménez Rejón 2 , J. Oliva 3 , M. Cámara 3 , A. Barba 3 , M.D. Pérez Cárceles 2 , M. Motas 1,∗
1
Toxicología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain Medicina Legal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain 3 Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain 2
Human breast milk is the most complete foodstuff for infants but also can be a potential source of exposure to toxic chemicals. The aim of this study is to assess the levels of various pesticides in breast milk of women living in agricultural area of Campo de Cartagena and industrial/mining area of Cartagena as Portman Bay. These areas of the region of Murcia are well known for their cases of environmental pollution. Portman Bay is the most degraded
S211
area of the Mediterranean by the action of mining. Others studies showed that breast milk from mother for this area have high levels of metal pollution and perfluorinated compounds. The analysis of pesticides for 53 samples of breast milk was measured by the QuEChERS extraction procedure which is an official method for multi-residue pesticide control standard. The results show that the most samples of breast milk are contaminated with 2,2bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (pp-DDE) and piperonyl butoxide. Pp-DDE is an organochlorine that appears in the samples with a variation of 0–19.11 ppb, mean = 2.068 and SD = 3.802. Piperonyl butoxide is a synergist of insecticide that appears in almost all samples of residual form (<1 ppb) however, one sample show level of 46,821 ppb. Our results show evidence of an association between pp-DDE concentrations in breast milk and place of birth (p = 0.021) and consumption of tuna (p = 0.011). Piperonyl butoxide show evidence of an association between consumption of beef (p = 0.049) and consumption of organic food (p = 0.049). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1765 P12-020 Cancer risk attributable to inhalation of plant protection products in the EU D. Sarigiannis Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Agricultural practices have important and wide-ranging impacts on health. Nevertheless, while many studies have investigated exposure to pesticides, few attempts have previously been made to assess health impact, which are generally characterized by small relative risks at individual levels but large population-level effects. Based on an EU-25 Active Substance (AS) emission inventory and mechanistic description of short range transport in the air, intake rates per AS and related crop were calculated, using data on body weight and inhalation rate (stratified by age and gender). These intake rates were used to determine the rural population’s risk to the carcinogenic AS, by appropriate use of exposure response functions and the exposed population to AS from a particular crop. Considering that pesticide inhalation occurs near its application, incidence rates were computed at spatial resolution 0.1 × 0.1 km and then results were aggregated at country level. Crops with non-negligible risk (i.e. above 1E-6) to the farmer population are cereals, oilseeds, vineyards and fruit trees. The highest 95-th percentile risk estimates are in Belgium (1.5E−06 from vineyards), in Denmark (1.6E−06 from vineyards), in Greece (2.8E−06 from fruit trees), in Netherlands (1.0E−05 from vineyards), in Romania (1.7E−06 from vineyards) and in Spain (1.0E−06 from fruit-trees). Based on our analyses, exposure and consequently risk at a distance of ca. 110 m from the application site is almost negligible. However, at distances lower than 100 m exposure to bystanders may be significant. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1766