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Carbon-based cathodes for sodium-air batteries
Carbon 110 (2016) 518e520
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Carbon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/carbon
New Carbon Materials Abstracts 2016(3) [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 213e231] PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS OF TWO DIMENSIONAL CARBON MATERIALS Yan-ping Tang, Qing Xu, Rui-zhi Tang, Fan Zhang. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China Abstract: Two dimensional carbon materials have high chemical stabilities, tunable electrical properties, special optical, thermal and mechanical properties owing to their high surface area, two dimensional nature and small size. This paper reviews the fabrication of graphene and its derivatives, porous carbon nanosheets and carbon cloths, as well as their use in adsorption, detection/sensing, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, catalysis, et al. The challenges and prospects of these applications are also discussed. [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 232e242] SYNTHESIS OF POROUS CARBONS FROM MICROPOROUS ORGANIC POLYMERS Ke-wei Wang 1, 2, Bi-en Tan 1. 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; 2 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China Abstract: Porous carbons have been a hot research area in chemistry, physics and materials owing to their high specific surface areas, plentiful pores, excellent stability and good conductivity, which have been exploited in various applications such as catalysis, drug delivery and electrochemistry. Microporous organic polymers (MOPs) are currently an important class of porous polymers that have developed rapidly in recent years. MOPs have the advantages of good chemical and physical stability, tunable pore structure, high surface area and easy functionalization compared with traditional porous materials such as zeolite and silica gel. Because of the excellent thermal stability of MOPs, porous carbons with a tunable pore structure can be obtained by their carbonization. In this review, we outline how MOPs were used to make porous carbons and highlight their synthesis and applications. [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 243e263] APPLICATIONS OF POROUS CARBON MATERIALS IN ELECTROCATALYSIS OF THE OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION
THE
Hui-cong Yang 1, Ji Liang 1, Zhen-xing Wang 1, Bai-gang An 2, Feng Li 1. 1 Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2 School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China Abstract: Oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) are fundamental in various energy storage and conversion devices. Their activity determines the overall performance of these devices. Due to the sluggish kinetics of ORRs, a catalyst is often required, and in this regard, carbon materials are important as supports of noble metals such as Pt and Pd, and various non-noble metals, or even as metal-free catalysts. As a result, the development of porous carbons is playing a very important
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.06.051
role in the advancement of ORR catalysts. We review the development of the ORR catalysts based on porous carbons, including their use as noble-/non-noble metal supports and metal-free catalysts, together with their synthesis methods and structural tuning. We also review their future prospects for ORR catalysis. [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 264e270] CARBON-BASED CATHODES FOR SODIUM-AIR BATTERIES Shan Liu 1, 2, Si-si Liu 1, 2, Jia-yan Luo 1, 2. 1 Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; 2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China Abstract: Sodium-air batteries are considered promising electrochemical devices for energy storage owing to their high theoretical energy density, high discharge voltage and the abundance of sodium in nature. The recent progress, current challenges and developing trends for Na-air batteries are summarized. The use of carbon materials as their cathode is highlighted. [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 271e276] SURFACE MODIFICATION OF A HIERARCHICAL POROUS CARBON AEROGEL AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ADSORPTION OF ACID FUCHSIN Li-feng Cai 1,2, Ming-lian Fu 1, Lu-yi Chen 2, Ruo-wen Fu 2, Ding-cai Wu 2. 1 College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China; 2 Materials Science Institute, PCFM Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Abstract: The surface of a hierarchical porous carbon aerogel (HPCA) was modified with nitric acid to obtain mHPCA. Acid fuchsin (AF) adsorption on these carbon aerogels in water was studied. Results indicate that the acid modification has trivial effects on the morphology and pore structure, but obviously increases the number of surface oxygen-containing groups. The isothermal adsorption of AF on these modified carbon aerogels is monomolecular layer adsorption, and can be well described by the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity on mHPCA reaches 191.57 mg g 1, which is much higher than that on HPCA (120.92 mg g 1). The adsorption kinetics can be well described by a first-order kinetic equation and the kinetic constant can be increased by the acid modification. [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 277e286] PREPARATION OF POROUS CARBON NANOFIBERS WITH CONTROLLABLE PORE STRUCTURES FOR LOW-CONCENTRATION NO REMOVAL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE Ming-xi Wang 1, 2, Ze-yu Guo 2, 3, Zheng-hong Huang 2, Fei-yu Kang 2. 1 Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Xiongchu Avenue 693, Wuhan 430074, China; 2 Lab of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Carbon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/carbon
New Carbon Materials Abstracts 2016(3) [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 213e231] PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS OF TWO DIMENSIONAL CARBON MATERIALS Yan-ping Tang, Qing Xu, Rui-zhi Tang, Fan Zhang. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China Abstract: Two dimensional carbon materials have high chemical stabilities, tunable electrical properties, special optical, thermal and mechanical properties owing to their high surface area, two dimensional nature and small size. This paper reviews the fabrication of graphene and its derivatives, porous carbon nanosheets and carbon cloths, as well as their use in adsorption, detection/sensing, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, catalysis, et al. The challenges and prospects of these applications are also discussed. [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 232e242] SYNTHESIS OF POROUS CARBONS FROM MICROPOROUS ORGANIC POLYMERS Ke-wei Wang 1, 2, Bi-en Tan 1. 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; 2 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China Abstract: Porous carbons have been a hot research area in chemistry, physics and materials owing to their high specific surface areas, plentiful pores, excellent stability and good conductivity, which have been exploited in various applications such as catalysis, drug delivery and electrochemistry. Microporous organic polymers (MOPs) are currently an important class of porous polymers that have developed rapidly in recent years. MOPs have the advantages of good chemical and physical stability, tunable pore structure, high surface area and easy functionalization compared with traditional porous materials such as zeolite and silica gel. Because of the excellent thermal stability of MOPs, porous carbons with a tunable pore structure can be obtained by their carbonization. In this review, we outline how MOPs were used to make porous carbons and highlight their synthesis and applications. [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 243e263] APPLICATIONS OF POROUS CARBON MATERIALS IN ELECTROCATALYSIS OF THE OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION
THE
Hui-cong Yang 1, Ji Liang 1, Zhen-xing Wang 1, Bai-gang An 2, Feng Li 1. 1 Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2 School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China Abstract: Oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) are fundamental in various energy storage and conversion devices. Their activity determines the overall performance of these devices. Due to the sluggish kinetics of ORRs, a catalyst is often required, and in this regard, carbon materials are important as supports of noble metals such as Pt and Pd, and various non-noble metals, or even as metal-free catalysts. As a result, the development of porous carbons is playing a very important
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.06.051
role in the advancement of ORR catalysts. We review the development of the ORR catalysts based on porous carbons, including their use as noble-/non-noble metal supports and metal-free catalysts, together with their synthesis methods and structural tuning. We also review their future prospects for ORR catalysis. [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 264e270] CARBON-BASED CATHODES FOR SODIUM-AIR BATTERIES Shan Liu 1, 2, Si-si Liu 1, 2, Jia-yan Luo 1, 2. 1 Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; 2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China Abstract: Sodium-air batteries are considered promising electrochemical devices for energy storage owing to their high theoretical energy density, high discharge voltage and the abundance of sodium in nature. The recent progress, current challenges and developing trends for Na-air batteries are summarized. The use of carbon materials as their cathode is highlighted. [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 271e276] SURFACE MODIFICATION OF A HIERARCHICAL POROUS CARBON AEROGEL AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ADSORPTION OF ACID FUCHSIN Li-feng Cai 1,2, Ming-lian Fu 1, Lu-yi Chen 2, Ruo-wen Fu 2, Ding-cai Wu 2. 1 College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China; 2 Materials Science Institute, PCFM Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Abstract: The surface of a hierarchical porous carbon aerogel (HPCA) was modified with nitric acid to obtain mHPCA. Acid fuchsin (AF) adsorption on these carbon aerogels in water was studied. Results indicate that the acid modification has trivial effects on the morphology and pore structure, but obviously increases the number of surface oxygen-containing groups. The isothermal adsorption of AF on these modified carbon aerogels is monomolecular layer adsorption, and can be well described by the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity on mHPCA reaches 191.57 mg g 1, which is much higher than that on HPCA (120.92 mg g 1). The adsorption kinetics can be well described by a first-order kinetic equation and the kinetic constant can be increased by the acid modification. [New Carbon Materials 2016, 31(3): 277e286] PREPARATION OF POROUS CARBON NANOFIBERS WITH CONTROLLABLE PORE STRUCTURES FOR LOW-CONCENTRATION NO REMOVAL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE Ming-xi Wang 1, 2, Ze-yu Guo 2, 3, Zheng-hong Huang 2, Fei-yu Kang 2. 1 Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Xiongchu Avenue 693, Wuhan 430074, China; 2 Lab of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing