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Carbon fiber felts and their manufacture for battery cathodes
04
By-products
related to fuels
95/02556 Natural gas converslon technologies Stiegel, G. J. and Srivastava, R. D. Chem. Ind (London), 1994, (21), 854-856. The paper discusses natural gas conversion technologies for the manufacture of liquid products by direct and indirect processes. 95102557 Physical and technical characterlstlcs of underground gasltlcatlon of coal blocks Blinderman, M. S. and Kreinin, E. V. Fir.-Tekh. Probl. Razrab. Polezn. I&p., 1994, (3), 107-116. (In Russian) The underground coal gasification process was subjected to physical-technical evaluation. A mathematical model was derived for calculation of process parameters for various geological conditions, technology conditions, and gas generator designs. Examines the effect of hydraulic resistance iv the underground gas generator on gasification pressure, gas dissipation from the generator, increase of the gas generator capacity and decrease of the gas dissipation by applying a pressunzed gasification agent. 95/02558 Potential for the development of UK coalbed methane Creel, J. C. Petroleum Rev., Feb. 1995, 49, (577), 74-77. The UK coalbed methane industry could be dated to begin in the mid1960s with the utilisation of mine vent gas at various collieries within the country. The generally accepted date, however is 1991 when, during the Fourth Round of Licensing, nine licences were awarded which targeted CBM as the resource. Discusses how the industry is now poised for a continuation of its growth. Process for pressure gaslflcation of fine particulate ZSS9 Duerrfeld, R. et al., (Assigned to) Krupp Koppers GmbH, EUR. Pat. EP.614022, Sep. 1994. 95102560 Progress In the Brltlsh Gas/Lurgl slagging gaslflcatlon technology Li, B. Mei Huagong, 1994, (l), 17-22. (In Chinese) piscusses the British Gas/Lurgi slagging gasification system, including improvements of the technology and eqmpment and its recent progress. 95102561 Reactor for electrlcal converslon of molecular weights of oartlcles. esoeclallv of ores and coal Sackinger, *. M. . (Assigned -to) University of Alaska, us Pat. US.5,356.524. Oct. 1994. Described an’electrical apparatus for conversion of compounds, elements, or mixtures which are in particulate form, into new compounds, elements or mixtures in gaseous, liquid, or particulate form, especially in the reduction of metallic ores and the gasification of coal. 95102562 Scrubbing of natural gas and coal gas with dlethy lamlne-methanol mlxtures Ma, B. Mei Huagong, 1994, (3), 35-38, 42. (In Chinese) Describes process development, pilot plant data, commercial plant design, and operation performances of scrubbing natural gas and coal gas with a liquid consisting of 60 wt.% MeOH and 40 wt.% diethylamine. 95102563 Soot formatlon over zinc ferrite high-temperature desulfurlzatlon sorbent Sasaoka, E. et al., Energy & Fuels, Mar.-Apr. 1995, 9, (2), 344-353. Solid oxide fuel cells and molten carbonate fuel cells as new technologies using coal-derived gas are receiving attention from thermal efficiency and/or environmental point of view as their high efficiency contributes to an abatement of CO,emission per unit electric power. To establish these processes, development of a high-temperature process for the desulphurization of coal-derived fuel gas is an mevitable problem. To prevent soot formation (carbon deposition) and carbide formation, it is important to understand the nature of the formation of carbon and carbide. This work focuses on evaluating the nature of soot formation over zinc ferrite under the high-temperature desulphurization conditions that exist in fuel cells. 95102564 Status of IGCC demonstration and comparison coal gaslflcatlon processes Yu, Y. Mei Huagong, 1994, (l), 5-12. (In Chinese) Discusses coal gasification for electric power generation.
of
95/02585 Utlllzatlon of byproducts from coal gaslflcatlon power plants: Quality- end environment-related aspects Beekes, M. L. et al., Stud.Environ. Sci, 1994, 60, 801-809. Describes a 250 MW integrated coal gasification combined cycle power plant which has been built recently in Bu enum, the Netherlands. The utilization of by roducts originating from PB. t 1s plant, especially the slag from the Shell t? oal Gasification Process, in concrete elements and road construction is described, with the emphasis on quality and environment related aspects. of products of underground coal com95102566 Vlscoslt bustion and gaslflcat Yon Yanchenko, G. A. IN. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved Gorn. Zh., 1994, (l), 19-24. (In Russian)
199
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1995
BY-PRODUCTS FUELS
RELATED TO
95102567 Actlvatlon method of coal ashes Lu, Y. et al., Hunan Darue Xuebao, 1994, 21, (4), 115-120. (In Chinese) Describes the chemical activation of coal ash.
95102560 Appllcatlon of fly ash and other waste materials for th;rnstructlon of an offshore Island opposite the coast of TelZimmels, Y. et al., S&d Environ. Sci, 1994, 60, 329-344. Discusses the prospects of high volume utilization of fly ash for the construction of an offshore island off the coast of Tel Aviv.
95102569 Appllcatlons for coal-use resldues: An International overview Clarke, L. B. Stud Environ. Sci., 1994, 60, 673-686. The utilization of coal produces large quantities of residues. Worldwide production of coal-ash is estimated to exceed 550 Mt/y. In addition to fly ash and bottom ash from pulverized coal combustion, that comprises the bulk of these residues, there are now a whole range of byproducts produced by the many technologies developed for flue gas desulphurization. Alternative methods of utilizing coal, for example is fluidized bed combustion and integrated gasification combined cycle systems, produce residues with other distinctive, properties. Many utilization options have been demonstrated for coal-use residues, including applications in building materials, for civil engineering uses, in industrial materials and in agriculture. Various commercial applications are well documented and have been carried out for many years. Reports that research into new applications is being carried out.
95tO2570 The behavlour of oil films on structured packlng under cryogenic condltlons Kirzinger, A. et al., Gas Separation & Purification, 1995, 9, (l), 45-48. Today structured packing is commonly applied to cryogenic air separation plants. Packing is typically characterized by a high surface-to-volume ratio. Owing to the large surface of packin in comparison to common sieve trays -provided equal amounts of o d are attached to surfaces - more organic material may be present within a low-pressure column of an air separation plant. Since an enrichment of organic material in an air separation plant or in liquid oxygen is a principal hazard, and a major accumulation of organic material magnifies this risk, experimental tests were conducted to determine whether chippin of oil at cryogenic temperature is possible. Tests are discussed where sm d e sheets of a packing segment had been coated with an oil film of definite thickness.
95/02571 Bipolar process for removal of sulfur dloxlde from waste gases Stauffer, J. E. US Pat. US.5,344,529, Sep. 1994. A process is described for removing sulphur dioxide from a waste gas stream and recovering the sulphur values as sul huric acid. The sources of the waste gas stream include effluent vent, Kue or exhaust gases from power plants, sulphuric acid plants, ore roasters, and solid waste incinerators. The purpose is to achieve economies of operation, and provide a useful byproduct, and minimize environmental pollution.
95102572 Carbon fiber felts and their manufacture for battery cathodes Yoneyama, H. et al., (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Rayon Co.Ltd., JAP. Pat. JP.O6,123,050, May 1994.
Catalyst for 95102573 liquid-phase hydrocarbons Huettinger, K. J. et al., GER. Offen. DE.4,313,396,
pyrolysis
of
Oct. 1994.
95102574 Catalyst poisoning durlng tar-sands bitumen upgradlng Carruthers, J. D. et al., Chem. Ind (De&r), 1994, 58, 175-201.
laser 95102575 Characterization of coal b matrix-asslsted desorptlon mass spectrometry. II. Pyro Yysls tars and Ilquefaction extracts from the Argonne coal samples Herod, A. A. et al., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1994, 8, (lo), 815-822. The paper discusses how coal pyrolysis tars and liquefaction extracts prepared from the set of eight Argonne coal samples have been characterized by MALDI-MS. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used, with a nitrogen laser operating at 337 nm and sinapinic acid as matrix.
By-products
related to fuels
95/02556 Natural gas converslon technologies Stiegel, G. J. and Srivastava, R. D. Chem. Ind (London), 1994, (21), 854-856. The paper discusses natural gas conversion technologies for the manufacture of liquid products by direct and indirect processes. 95102557 Physical and technical characterlstlcs of underground gasltlcatlon of coal blocks Blinderman, M. S. and Kreinin, E. V. Fir.-Tekh. Probl. Razrab. Polezn. I&p., 1994, (3), 107-116. (In Russian) The underground coal gasification process was subjected to physical-technical evaluation. A mathematical model was derived for calculation of process parameters for various geological conditions, technology conditions, and gas generator designs. Examines the effect of hydraulic resistance iv the underground gas generator on gasification pressure, gas dissipation from the generator, increase of the gas generator capacity and decrease of the gas dissipation by applying a pressunzed gasification agent. 95/02558 Potential for the development of UK coalbed methane Creel, J. C. Petroleum Rev., Feb. 1995, 49, (577), 74-77. The UK coalbed methane industry could be dated to begin in the mid1960s with the utilisation of mine vent gas at various collieries within the country. The generally accepted date, however is 1991 when, during the Fourth Round of Licensing, nine licences were awarded which targeted CBM as the resource. Discusses how the industry is now poised for a continuation of its growth. Process for pressure gaslflcation of fine particulate ZSS9 Duerrfeld, R. et al., (Assigned to) Krupp Koppers GmbH, EUR. Pat. EP.614022, Sep. 1994. 95102560 Progress In the Brltlsh Gas/Lurgl slagging gaslflcatlon technology Li, B. Mei Huagong, 1994, (l), 17-22. (In Chinese) piscusses the British Gas/Lurgi slagging gasification system, including improvements of the technology and eqmpment and its recent progress. 95102561 Reactor for electrlcal converslon of molecular weights of oartlcles. esoeclallv of ores and coal Sackinger, *. M. . (Assigned -to) University of Alaska, us Pat. US.5,356.524. Oct. 1994. Described an’electrical apparatus for conversion of compounds, elements, or mixtures which are in particulate form, into new compounds, elements or mixtures in gaseous, liquid, or particulate form, especially in the reduction of metallic ores and the gasification of coal. 95102562 Scrubbing of natural gas and coal gas with dlethy lamlne-methanol mlxtures Ma, B. Mei Huagong, 1994, (3), 35-38, 42. (In Chinese) Describes process development, pilot plant data, commercial plant design, and operation performances of scrubbing natural gas and coal gas with a liquid consisting of 60 wt.% MeOH and 40 wt.% diethylamine. 95102563 Soot formatlon over zinc ferrite high-temperature desulfurlzatlon sorbent Sasaoka, E. et al., Energy & Fuels, Mar.-Apr. 1995, 9, (2), 344-353. Solid oxide fuel cells and molten carbonate fuel cells as new technologies using coal-derived gas are receiving attention from thermal efficiency and/or environmental point of view as their high efficiency contributes to an abatement of CO,emission per unit electric power. To establish these processes, development of a high-temperature process for the desulphurization of coal-derived fuel gas is an mevitable problem. To prevent soot formation (carbon deposition) and carbide formation, it is important to understand the nature of the formation of carbon and carbide. This work focuses on evaluating the nature of soot formation over zinc ferrite under the high-temperature desulphurization conditions that exist in fuel cells. 95102564 Status of IGCC demonstration and comparison coal gaslflcatlon processes Yu, Y. Mei Huagong, 1994, (l), 5-12. (In Chinese) Discusses coal gasification for electric power generation.
of
95/02585 Utlllzatlon of byproducts from coal gaslflcatlon power plants: Quality- end environment-related aspects Beekes, M. L. et al., Stud.Environ. Sci, 1994, 60, 801-809. Describes a 250 MW integrated coal gasification combined cycle power plant which has been built recently in Bu enum, the Netherlands. The utilization of by roducts originating from PB. t 1s plant, especially the slag from the Shell t? oal Gasification Process, in concrete elements and road construction is described, with the emphasis on quality and environment related aspects. of products of underground coal com95102566 Vlscoslt bustion and gaslflcat Yon Yanchenko, G. A. IN. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved Gorn. Zh., 1994, (l), 19-24. (In Russian)
199
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1995
BY-PRODUCTS FUELS
RELATED TO
95102567 Actlvatlon method of coal ashes Lu, Y. et al., Hunan Darue Xuebao, 1994, 21, (4), 115-120. (In Chinese) Describes the chemical activation of coal ash.
95102560 Appllcatlon of fly ash and other waste materials for th;rnstructlon of an offshore Island opposite the coast of TelZimmels, Y. et al., S&d Environ. Sci, 1994, 60, 329-344. Discusses the prospects of high volume utilization of fly ash for the construction of an offshore island off the coast of Tel Aviv.
95102569 Appllcatlons for coal-use resldues: An International overview Clarke, L. B. Stud Environ. Sci., 1994, 60, 673-686. The utilization of coal produces large quantities of residues. Worldwide production of coal-ash is estimated to exceed 550 Mt/y. In addition to fly ash and bottom ash from pulverized coal combustion, that comprises the bulk of these residues, there are now a whole range of byproducts produced by the many technologies developed for flue gas desulphurization. Alternative methods of utilizing coal, for example is fluidized bed combustion and integrated gasification combined cycle systems, produce residues with other distinctive, properties. Many utilization options have been demonstrated for coal-use residues, including applications in building materials, for civil engineering uses, in industrial materials and in agriculture. Various commercial applications are well documented and have been carried out for many years. Reports that research into new applications is being carried out.
95tO2570 The behavlour of oil films on structured packlng under cryogenic condltlons Kirzinger, A. et al., Gas Separation & Purification, 1995, 9, (l), 45-48. Today structured packing is commonly applied to cryogenic air separation plants. Packing is typically characterized by a high surface-to-volume ratio. Owing to the large surface of packin in comparison to common sieve trays -provided equal amounts of o d are attached to surfaces - more organic material may be present within a low-pressure column of an air separation plant. Since an enrichment of organic material in an air separation plant or in liquid oxygen is a principal hazard, and a major accumulation of organic material magnifies this risk, experimental tests were conducted to determine whether chippin of oil at cryogenic temperature is possible. Tests are discussed where sm d e sheets of a packing segment had been coated with an oil film of definite thickness.
95/02571 Bipolar process for removal of sulfur dloxlde from waste gases Stauffer, J. E. US Pat. US.5,344,529, Sep. 1994. A process is described for removing sulphur dioxide from a waste gas stream and recovering the sulphur values as sul huric acid. The sources of the waste gas stream include effluent vent, Kue or exhaust gases from power plants, sulphuric acid plants, ore roasters, and solid waste incinerators. The purpose is to achieve economies of operation, and provide a useful byproduct, and minimize environmental pollution.
95102572 Carbon fiber felts and their manufacture for battery cathodes Yoneyama, H. et al., (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Rayon Co.Ltd., JAP. Pat. JP.O6,123,050, May 1994.
Catalyst for 95102573 liquid-phase hydrocarbons Huettinger, K. J. et al., GER. Offen. DE.4,313,396,
pyrolysis
of
Oct. 1994.
95102574 Catalyst poisoning durlng tar-sands bitumen upgradlng Carruthers, J. D. et al., Chem. Ind (De&r), 1994, 58, 175-201.
laser 95102575 Characterization of coal b matrix-asslsted desorptlon mass spectrometry. II. Pyro Yysls tars and Ilquefaction extracts from the Argonne coal samples Herod, A. A. et al., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1994, 8, (lo), 815-822. The paper discusses how coal pyrolysis tars and liquefaction extracts prepared from the set of eight Argonne coal samples have been characterized by MALDI-MS. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used, with a nitrogen laser operating at 337 nm and sinapinic acid as matrix.