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Carbon fibre cord for rubber reinforcement and process for producing the same
the retainer; the lateral movement of the nut in the channel is limited by the retainer slotting into holes cut in the sides of the channel. High-temperature tensile test specimen and methods of fabrication Pratt, W.N. (General Dynamics Corp, Pomona Division, Pomona, CA, USA) US
Pat 4 895 750 (23 January 1990) A carbon composite test specimen for high temperature testing that does not break in the grips of the apparatus is described. The two ends that are held in the grips have a number of holes passing through them and circumferential walls of these holes are plated with nickel. Pneumatic tyre including square woven bead reinforcing layers Alie, J.-C., Geisen, R., Lamock, A. and Villamizar, W.J. (The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, OH, USA) US
Pat 4 896 709 (30 January 1990) A heavy duty pneumatic tyre with two bead regions containing a bead core and a radial carcass has at least two sets of at least two textile plies anchored round the bead core. The plies of the first set are wrapped round the core towards the outside of the tyre, whilst the second set are wrapped towards the inside of the tyre. Each bead region has a triangular cross-section rubber apex strip and inner and outer reinforcing square textile layers which are disposed axially inside and outside the first and second carcass plies along the length of the apex strip. The outermost point of the apex strip is between O. 15ho and 0.2ho, where ho is the height of the tyre cross-section; the first set of plies are terminated at a height less than this whilst the outer textile reinforcing layer has an outermost edge that is between 0.2h o and 0.35h o and the second set of plies are terminated at a height between 0.25h o and 0.45h o.
to one surface. The body of the plastic member is polyurethane foam reinforced with rectangular rods; the longer side of the cross-section of these rods is generally orientated transversely to the upper and lower surfaces. There are clips encapsulated within the foam that hold the rods in place during manufacture. Grating of fibre reinforced plastic Kawachi, H., Yamada, F., Fukuya, T. and Matsuo, T. (Kurimoto Plastics Co, Ltd, Osaka and Dainipponink & Chemicals, Inc, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 897 299 (30 January
1990) A fibre-reinforced plastic grating is composed of a plurality of I-section main beams and a plurality of grid members supported by the main beams. All the elements are made from fibre-reinforced plastic. Flexible sheet reinforced with poly(aromatic amide) non-woven fabric and use thereof Uno, K., Ishinami, Y., Nakamura, M. and Nakao, T. (Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha, Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 897 301 (30 January
1990) A flexible sheet comprises a non-woven fabric impregnated with a heat and/or light curable resin for use as base sheet and/or as a covering layer in a flexible printed circuit board. The non-woven fabric has a weight per unit area between 5 and 35.g m -2, a density between 0.15 and 0.8 g cm-~and is made of chopped fibres selected from: (a) an aromatic homopolyamide or copolyamide wherein the bonding chain extends from the aromatic ring in a uniaxial or a parallel axial direction or (b) an aromatic homopolyamide or copolyamide other than those mentioned in (a) and mixtures thereof. Sporting surfaces Bull, P.F. (A.V. Syntec Pty Ltd, Queensland, Australia) US Pat 4 897 302 (30
January 1990) Pneumatic radial tyres for heavy vehicles Maeda, K. (Toyo Tyre and Rubber Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 896 710 (30 January
1990) A tyre consisting of an outer covering with tread, sidewall and bead portions has a reinforcing carcass comprised of carcass plies and belt layers. The plies include radial orientated carcass ply cords and the belt layers are interposed between the tread portion and the carcass plies. Each of the carcass ply cords comprises a twisted composite filament with a polyester core and a polyamide sheath which accounts for 40-60 weight % of the coresheath structure. Each of the,~_plycords has a coefficient of twist K = TVD/p x 10-3 where T is the number of twists per 10 cm of cord length, D is the denier and p is the specific gravity of the cord. K lies between 1.22 and 2.24, and each of the cords has an initial modulus of > 45.0 g/denier based on the load required to elongate the cord 2% at room temperature.
A synthetic sports surface has a laminated structure. The base layer is a porous resilient layer which is formed from a polyurethane elastomer and a resilient particulate material. The upper surface of this is sealed with a polymeric sealant and a fibre-reinforced adhesive, which has reactive sites capable of bonding to the sealant layer, and the uppermost wear layer is placed on top of this. The wear layer which is placed on top of the adhesive layer comprises an acrylic polymer.
US Pat 4 891 071 (2 January 1990) A high strength cementitious tooling/ moulding material contains a filler, the major constituent of which is stainless steel aggregate in a cementitious binder. The article is heated to a temperature between 300°C and the temperature at which the stainless steel oxidizes for a time such that surface porosity develops in the article. The surface portions are then impregnated with a cross-linkable organic prepolymer which is polymerized and cured to form a high temperature resistant resin. The resultant article has vacuum integrity at temperatures up to 350°C. Carbon fibre cord for rubber reinforcement and process for producing the same Takahashi, S., Suzuki, Y., Ogawa, H. and Ichimaru, K. (Toho Rayon Co, Ltd & The Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan)
US Pat 4 891 267 (2 January 1990) A carbon fibre cord for rubber reinforcement comprises a bundle of carbon fibres with a coating of at least one epoxy resin impregnated with a phenol-formalin-rubber latex adhesive. 0.1-1 weight % (based on the weight of the fibres) is coating and 10-30 weight % (based on the weight of the carbon fibre bundle) is adhesive. The amount of adhesive present on the peripheral portion of the cord is between 10 and 30 weight %, based on the total amount of adhesive. Method for producing high strength, high modulus mesophase-pitch.based carbon fibres Suto, Y., Nakajima, H., Suzuki, Y., Nayuki, S., Ogawa, H. and Enomoto, H. (Petoca Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 892 722 (9 January
1990) Mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibres are heated to temperatures between 2600°C and 2900°C whilst they are stretched with a percentage stretching ratio S which is given by 0.337M + 0.79 <~ S ~ 0.371M + 0.506 for M (the modulus of elasticity) between 2 and 10 ton f m m -2 and by -0.102M + 7.38 ~ S -0.121M + 9.98 for 10 ~< M <~ 70 ton f mm -2. This produces high strength fibres with a modulus of 750 GPa or greater and a strength of 250 MPa or greater. Refractory composite articles and method of making such articles Eitman, D.A. (Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA)
US Pat 4 892 755 (9January 1990)
MATERIALS
US Pat 4 897 063 (30 January 1990)
Method for the production of wood flour based Idlers for plastic materials Da Re, M. (Fiat Auto SpA, Turin, Italy) US Pat 4 890 795 (2 January 1990) A wood flour based granular material for use as'a filler for plastic materials is described. It is prepared by impregnating a mass of wood flour with an aqueous solution of a melamine resin and either dimethyl ketone or methylethyl ketone and then drying the impregnated flour to produce a dried mass which is milled to give a suitable particle size for a filler material.
A board for water skis, skateboards and recreational boards comprises an elongated flat plastic member that is longer than it is wide and that has an aluminium plate joined
Cementitious composite material with vacuum integrity at elevated temperatures Bright, R.P., Wise, S. and MacKenzie, M.L.
Reaction injection moulded recreation boards with spaced rectangular reinforcing rods Scheurer, R.S. and Hancock, K. (Wellington Leisure Products, Inc, Madison, GA, USA)
(Cemcom Corporation, Lanham, MD, USA)
A substrate of fibres arranged in a porous relationship has particles of a pyrolysed material disposed on it. Three materials are mechanically locked in the pores of the fibres. The first material is oxidizing and has a non-viscous oxide with a low melting temperature; the second material is also oxidizing but its oxide is more viscous and has a higher melting temperature than the oxide of the first material; and the third material is a refractory oxidizing material. The melting point and viscosity of the oxide of the third material are considerably greater than those of the oxides of the first two materials. Interieafed fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composite Vallance, M.A. (General Electric Company, Pittsfield, MA, USA) US Pat 4 892 774 (9
January 1990) An interleafed fibre-reinforced composite
COMPOSITES, SEPTEMBER. 1991
411
Pat 4 895 750 (23 January 1990) A carbon composite test specimen for high temperature testing that does not break in the grips of the apparatus is described. The two ends that are held in the grips have a number of holes passing through them and circumferential walls of these holes are plated with nickel. Pneumatic tyre including square woven bead reinforcing layers Alie, J.-C., Geisen, R., Lamock, A. and Villamizar, W.J. (The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, OH, USA) US
Pat 4 896 709 (30 January 1990) A heavy duty pneumatic tyre with two bead regions containing a bead core and a radial carcass has at least two sets of at least two textile plies anchored round the bead core. The plies of the first set are wrapped round the core towards the outside of the tyre, whilst the second set are wrapped towards the inside of the tyre. Each bead region has a triangular cross-section rubber apex strip and inner and outer reinforcing square textile layers which are disposed axially inside and outside the first and second carcass plies along the length of the apex strip. The outermost point of the apex strip is between O. 15ho and 0.2ho, where ho is the height of the tyre cross-section; the first set of plies are terminated at a height less than this whilst the outer textile reinforcing layer has an outermost edge that is between 0.2h o and 0.35h o and the second set of plies are terminated at a height between 0.25h o and 0.45h o.
to one surface. The body of the plastic member is polyurethane foam reinforced with rectangular rods; the longer side of the cross-section of these rods is generally orientated transversely to the upper and lower surfaces. There are clips encapsulated within the foam that hold the rods in place during manufacture. Grating of fibre reinforced plastic Kawachi, H., Yamada, F., Fukuya, T. and Matsuo, T. (Kurimoto Plastics Co, Ltd, Osaka and Dainipponink & Chemicals, Inc, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 897 299 (30 January
1990) A fibre-reinforced plastic grating is composed of a plurality of I-section main beams and a plurality of grid members supported by the main beams. All the elements are made from fibre-reinforced plastic. Flexible sheet reinforced with poly(aromatic amide) non-woven fabric and use thereof Uno, K., Ishinami, Y., Nakamura, M. and Nakao, T. (Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha, Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 897 301 (30 January
1990) A flexible sheet comprises a non-woven fabric impregnated with a heat and/or light curable resin for use as base sheet and/or as a covering layer in a flexible printed circuit board. The non-woven fabric has a weight per unit area between 5 and 35.g m -2, a density between 0.15 and 0.8 g cm-~and is made of chopped fibres selected from: (a) an aromatic homopolyamide or copolyamide wherein the bonding chain extends from the aromatic ring in a uniaxial or a parallel axial direction or (b) an aromatic homopolyamide or copolyamide other than those mentioned in (a) and mixtures thereof. Sporting surfaces Bull, P.F. (A.V. Syntec Pty Ltd, Queensland, Australia) US Pat 4 897 302 (30
January 1990) Pneumatic radial tyres for heavy vehicles Maeda, K. (Toyo Tyre and Rubber Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 896 710 (30 January
1990) A tyre consisting of an outer covering with tread, sidewall and bead portions has a reinforcing carcass comprised of carcass plies and belt layers. The plies include radial orientated carcass ply cords and the belt layers are interposed between the tread portion and the carcass plies. Each of the carcass ply cords comprises a twisted composite filament with a polyester core and a polyamide sheath which accounts for 40-60 weight % of the coresheath structure. Each of the,~_plycords has a coefficient of twist K = TVD/p x 10-3 where T is the number of twists per 10 cm of cord length, D is the denier and p is the specific gravity of the cord. K lies between 1.22 and 2.24, and each of the cords has an initial modulus of > 45.0 g/denier based on the load required to elongate the cord 2% at room temperature.
A synthetic sports surface has a laminated structure. The base layer is a porous resilient layer which is formed from a polyurethane elastomer and a resilient particulate material. The upper surface of this is sealed with a polymeric sealant and a fibre-reinforced adhesive, which has reactive sites capable of bonding to the sealant layer, and the uppermost wear layer is placed on top of this. The wear layer which is placed on top of the adhesive layer comprises an acrylic polymer.
US Pat 4 891 071 (2 January 1990) A high strength cementitious tooling/ moulding material contains a filler, the major constituent of which is stainless steel aggregate in a cementitious binder. The article is heated to a temperature between 300°C and the temperature at which the stainless steel oxidizes for a time such that surface porosity develops in the article. The surface portions are then impregnated with a cross-linkable organic prepolymer which is polymerized and cured to form a high temperature resistant resin. The resultant article has vacuum integrity at temperatures up to 350°C. Carbon fibre cord for rubber reinforcement and process for producing the same Takahashi, S., Suzuki, Y., Ogawa, H. and Ichimaru, K. (Toho Rayon Co, Ltd & The Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan)
US Pat 4 891 267 (2 January 1990) A carbon fibre cord for rubber reinforcement comprises a bundle of carbon fibres with a coating of at least one epoxy resin impregnated with a phenol-formalin-rubber latex adhesive. 0.1-1 weight % (based on the weight of the fibres) is coating and 10-30 weight % (based on the weight of the carbon fibre bundle) is adhesive. The amount of adhesive present on the peripheral portion of the cord is between 10 and 30 weight %, based on the total amount of adhesive. Method for producing high strength, high modulus mesophase-pitch.based carbon fibres Suto, Y., Nakajima, H., Suzuki, Y., Nayuki, S., Ogawa, H. and Enomoto, H. (Petoca Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 892 722 (9 January
1990) Mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibres are heated to temperatures between 2600°C and 2900°C whilst they are stretched with a percentage stretching ratio S which is given by 0.337M + 0.79 <~ S ~ 0.371M + 0.506 for M (the modulus of elasticity) between 2 and 10 ton f m m -2 and by -0.102M + 7.38 ~ S -0.121M + 9.98 for 10 ~< M <~ 70 ton f mm -2. This produces high strength fibres with a modulus of 750 GPa or greater and a strength of 250 MPa or greater. Refractory composite articles and method of making such articles Eitman, D.A. (Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA)
US Pat 4 892 755 (9January 1990)
MATERIALS
US Pat 4 897 063 (30 January 1990)
Method for the production of wood flour based Idlers for plastic materials Da Re, M. (Fiat Auto SpA, Turin, Italy) US Pat 4 890 795 (2 January 1990) A wood flour based granular material for use as'a filler for plastic materials is described. It is prepared by impregnating a mass of wood flour with an aqueous solution of a melamine resin and either dimethyl ketone or methylethyl ketone and then drying the impregnated flour to produce a dried mass which is milled to give a suitable particle size for a filler material.
A board for water skis, skateboards and recreational boards comprises an elongated flat plastic member that is longer than it is wide and that has an aluminium plate joined
Cementitious composite material with vacuum integrity at elevated temperatures Bright, R.P., Wise, S. and MacKenzie, M.L.
Reaction injection moulded recreation boards with spaced rectangular reinforcing rods Scheurer, R.S. and Hancock, K. (Wellington Leisure Products, Inc, Madison, GA, USA)
(Cemcom Corporation, Lanham, MD, USA)
A substrate of fibres arranged in a porous relationship has particles of a pyrolysed material disposed on it. Three materials are mechanically locked in the pores of the fibres. The first material is oxidizing and has a non-viscous oxide with a low melting temperature; the second material is also oxidizing but its oxide is more viscous and has a higher melting temperature than the oxide of the first material; and the third material is a refractory oxidizing material. The melting point and viscosity of the oxide of the third material are considerably greater than those of the oxides of the first two materials. Interieafed fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composite Vallance, M.A. (General Electric Company, Pittsfield, MA, USA) US Pat 4 892 774 (9
January 1990) An interleafed fibre-reinforced composite
COMPOSITES, SEPTEMBER. 1991
411