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Carbon fibre reinforced thermo-plastics polyesters
Vol
TECHNICAL ADDITIVES IN PLASTICS : A REVIEW
17,
No.2,
Page 2
NOTES
The range of additives now available is extremely wide and often bewildering. This article provides a very brief overview of the additives sector,with the emphasis on the more successful and cost-effective compounds: it disregards the specialist additive types, and pigments are not included_ It mentions the role of the specialty compounder who is now becoming involved in tailoring the polymer or compound at a very early stage in its development or end-use including process engineering such as mould or die design, plant limitations etc. A random selection of "performance additives" available to the U.K. compounder are described briefly. The following additive classes are discussed in terms of their technical performance and/or requirements: stabilisers, antistatic agents, flame retardants, fillers, lubricants/processing aids, blowing agents, and dispersions. Paly. Paint Cal. J., 1486, 176, (Nova261, 901-902
CARBON FIBRE REr~F~RCE~ THERMSPLASTICS POLYESTERS
This paper gives performance data on thermoplastics polyesters reinforced with short carbon fibres, and critically reviews this new class of high performance materials. It makes the distinction between compounds and composites, describing compounds as polymeric matrices reinforced with well dispersed short fibres (discontinuous reinforcement) and composites as those materials formed by a reinforcement matrix ffilaments, woven, mats) impregnated with polymer, which also forms a continuous matrix. The paper is based on those compounds currently produced by Akzo Plastics and marketed under the trade name ARNITE. Poly. Paint Cal. J.,
THE SCIENCE OF C~~O~R~N~
1986,
176,
(Nov.261, 890
This extensive article reviews the part played by technology in the field of colourants for plastics, notably computerisation. Present-day cafour matching and colour "libraries" depend heavily on computers for batch-to-batch consistency which at one time was undertaken by the so called colour expert who relied on a highly trained and sensitive eye. There is still, however, a need for the trained cofourist,for, in the final analysis, human sensitivity must bridge the gap between numerical and human values. It also describes the growing importance of liquid colourants which can sametimes be used at slightly lower concentrations because they cover more surface area. Carbon blacks are used in conductive and non-conductive compounds and investigations are presently being made to determine at what point carbon black changes from a non-conductive to a conductive material. One theory is based on the principle that carbon black undergoes a change in its orientation in a polymer matrix during thermoplastics processing as well as during the cooling phase. Special effect pigments are described (fluorescent and (cont'd)
ADDITWES FOR POLYMERS
0 1987 EIseviar Science Publishem B.V., hnsterdant./8’9/$0.00 f 2.20 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any farm or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying. recording or otherwise, without the prior permission ofthepublishers. [Readers in the U.S.A. - please see special regulations listed on back cover.)
TECHNICAL ADDITIVES IN PLASTICS : A REVIEW
17,
No.2,
Page 2
NOTES
The range of additives now available is extremely wide and often bewildering. This article provides a very brief overview of the additives sector,with the emphasis on the more successful and cost-effective compounds: it disregards the specialist additive types, and pigments are not included_ It mentions the role of the specialty compounder who is now becoming involved in tailoring the polymer or compound at a very early stage in its development or end-use including process engineering such as mould or die design, plant limitations etc. A random selection of "performance additives" available to the U.K. compounder are described briefly. The following additive classes are discussed in terms of their technical performance and/or requirements: stabilisers, antistatic agents, flame retardants, fillers, lubricants/processing aids, blowing agents, and dispersions. Paly. Paint Cal. J., 1486, 176, (Nova261, 901-902
CARBON FIBRE REr~F~RCE~ THERMSPLASTICS POLYESTERS
This paper gives performance data on thermoplastics polyesters reinforced with short carbon fibres, and critically reviews this new class of high performance materials. It makes the distinction between compounds and composites, describing compounds as polymeric matrices reinforced with well dispersed short fibres (discontinuous reinforcement) and composites as those materials formed by a reinforcement matrix ffilaments, woven, mats) impregnated with polymer, which also forms a continuous matrix. The paper is based on those compounds currently produced by Akzo Plastics and marketed under the trade name ARNITE. Poly. Paint Cal. J.,
THE SCIENCE OF C~~O~R~N~
1986,
176,
(Nov.261, 890
This extensive article reviews the part played by technology in the field of colourants for plastics, notably computerisation. Present-day cafour matching and colour "libraries" depend heavily on computers for batch-to-batch consistency which at one time was undertaken by the so called colour expert who relied on a highly trained and sensitive eye. There is still, however, a need for the trained cofourist,for, in the final analysis, human sensitivity must bridge the gap between numerical and human values. It also describes the growing importance of liquid colourants which can sametimes be used at slightly lower concentrations because they cover more surface area. Carbon blacks are used in conductive and non-conductive compounds and investigations are presently being made to determine at what point carbon black changes from a non-conductive to a conductive material. One theory is based on the principle that carbon black undergoes a change in its orientation in a polymer matrix during thermoplastics processing as well as during the cooling phase. Special effect pigments are described (fluorescent and (cont'd)
ADDITWES FOR POLYMERS
0 1987 EIseviar Science Publishem B.V., hnsterdant./8’9/$0.00 f 2.20 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any farm or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying. recording or otherwise, without the prior permission ofthepublishers. [Readers in the U.S.A. - please see special regulations listed on back cover.)