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Catalyst performance in resid containing recycle solvents
02
Thermodynamically controlled catalysis: equilibria In Flscher.Tropsch synthesis Bell, M. C. Can. Metall. Q., 1995, 34, (4), 331-34l. Previous treatments of the thermodynamic equilibria in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis have ignored the thermodynamic properties of the catalyst. When the assumption is made that the metal is the catalyst, the oxidation state of the gas is fixed at the PcozlPco ratio, at which the metal catalyst oxidizes. Thermodynamic equilibria show that only cobalt and iron have PCQl to Pco ratios, required to maintain the catalyst element as metal, that permit longer chain hydrocarbons to form.
96/02471
Understanding catalysis at the molecular level: Challenges and perspectives Bell, a. T. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 1995, 92, 63·72. Discusses the impact of advances in the molecular understanding of catalyst structure and structure-property relationships in three areas: FischerTropsch synthesis, selective catalytic reduction of NO, and zeolite synthesis. In each case, it is shown that the development of novel catalysts can be guided by using knowledge gained at a fundamental level.
96/02472
Zr promotion of Co/Si0 2 for Flscher-Tropsch synthesis Ali, S. et al., J. Catal., 1995, 157, (1), 35-41. The paper reports on an investigation of the influence of Zr promotion of 20 wt% Co/SjO, on ITS using catalysts prepared in different ways and having different loadings of Zr (up to 8.5 wt%). 96/02473
Economics, Business, Marketing, Policy Accounting and taxation Implications of oil fut ures and options contracts Muir, P. and Gadd, F. Petroleum Review, Dec. 1995, 49, (587), 543-545. Discusses the rapid development and complexity of futures and options contracts (and derivatives generally) has, in most cases, left regulatory, accounting and tax treatments lagging behnind.
Liq uid fuels (derived Jjq uid fuels)
Petroleum measurement manual part XVII : Guide to hydrocarbon loss accounting and control In petroleum refinery operations Institute of Petroleum, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Boffins Lane, Chichester, Wesl Sussex, POl 9 iUD, UK, £40.00, Oct. 1995, 34 pp. The guide provides a summary of procedures that are regarded as ' good practice' by representatives of the UK oil industry. The outcome of a cooperative programmeby the UK oil refineries, this publication is unique in offering refinery loss controllers procedures that can account for, identify and reduce losses appropriate to their refinery's configuration. It provides a systematic loss accounting system which will generate data that enable, firstly, refinery loss objectives to be set and monitored and secondly, meaningful inter-refinery comparisons of losses to be made. The guide draws attention to potential sources of refinery loss and describes ways in which they may be controlled.
96/02481
Switching codes Offshore Engineer, Dec. 1995, p. 29. Reports that the flow of senior oil company engineers into key positions with North Sea contracting organisations has gathered pace in recent months. Among the latest to switch codes is Robin Pinchbeck who was BP' s technology director before joining Aberdeen-based Atlantic Power and Gas as managing director. Discusses the challenges facing Pinchbeck.
96/02482
Technical, economical, and ecolog ical characteristics of methanol application as a fuel for internal combustion engines Zvonov, V. A. et al., Ekotekhnol. Resurs osberezhenie, 1995, (4), 11-18. (In Russian) Presents the properties of MeOH and the prospects of using MeOH in internal-combustion engines, with emphasis on technology, economics, and emissions,
96/02483
96/02474
Argentina - Privatisation gives a new lease of life Cranfield, J. Petroleum Review, Dec. 1995, 49, (587), 564-566. The author discusses the oil and gas industry in Argentina. 96/02475
Thriving in the park Morgan, D. Offshore Engineer, Dec. 1995, p. 25. The author discusses the offshore industry in the Grampian and Northeast Scotland region.
96/02484
Deri ved Liquid Fuels The aryl ether bond reactions with H-donor solvents : guaiacol and tetralin in the presence of catalysts Afifi, A. I. et al., Fuel, Mar. 1996, 75, (4), 509-516. The effect of homogenous catalysis, Fe and Ru, on the conversion of guaiacol in tetralin to catechol and phenol has been investigated as a model for the behaviour of the aryl-oxy linkage that is found in wood, peat and younger coals. In the absence of catalyst and at low ratios of guaiacol to tetralin, the primary product is catechol. Kinetic analysis has confirmed that the rate constant for this primary and rate determiningstep is given by an Arrhenius pre-exponential factor of 1013.8S· l with an activation energy of 215 klmol' . The activation energy found is in good agreement with those of other investigators and lies between the values proposed for homolytic fission (>240kJmol,1and for a concerted or pericyclic reaction (188 klmol
96 /02485
ASCo forges new links Offshore Engineer. Dec. 1995, 30-31. Reports that North Sea operators and their suppliers are radically rethinking their supply chain business strategies in the wake of rapid changes in technology and a shift towards process innovation.
96/02476
Broader business horizons Morgan, D. Offshore Engineer, Dec. 1995, p. 43. A short report on the Stolt organisation in Aberdeen.
96/02477
End to restrictive pract ices in lubricant sales Reader, C. Petroleum Review, Dec. 1995, 49, (587), p. 562. The short article discusses the new European Commission Regulation on car distribution which has been welcomed by lubricant suppliers, in particular by the European Union of Independent Lubricant Manufacturers. 96/02478
Law of December 31, 1992: Pseudo-Reform of the Petroleum System Broussolle, Y. Revue de l'Energie, Jan. 1996, (1), 39-49. (In French) In keeping with the Communities policy requirements, the French legislative body undertook to reform and liberalize the legal framework that had so long dominated the country's petroleum import sector in the spirit of strong government intervention. It seems, though, that the law of December 31,1992, does not thoroughly reform the French petroleum syrern, but rather does no more than confirm and complement a regulation-driven liberalization process that was begun in the seventies under the terms of the law of March 30, 1928. This is so because this law granted major discretionary powers to the executive branch, by allowing the government to apply greater or lesser restrictions to free enterprise by decreasing the content of the authorized imports.
96/02479
The PETA tra ining alliance Petroleum Review, Dec. 1995, 49, (587), 558-560. Discusses how the momentum of political upheaval across the globe in recent years and the implementation of restructuring, privatization and deregulation programmes has led to the creation of worldwide demand for petroleum education and training as companies strive to meet the demands for today's safety, quality and cost-conscious international market-place. The new group, known as The Petroleum Education and Training Alliance (PETA), was forged in April 1995 in order to meet the challenge.
96/02480 Jackson, K.
1).
Blosolubilizat ion of coal: A future approach Miki, K. Shigen 10 Kankyo , 1995,4, (3), 191-195. (In Japanese) The paper discusses non-oxidative biosolubilization of coal for potential application to production of non-polar coal liquid fuels. Reductive enzymes were shown to bring about carbon-carbon bond scission of the structure of coal and to yield volatile materials as products. 96/02486
Catalyst performance in resld containing recycle solvents Anderson, R. K. et al., Fuel Process. Technol., 1995, 45, (2), 109-122. A number of problems were encountered in evaluating catalyst performance in full-range liquefaction recycle solvents containing sizable amounts of resid, unconverted coal and ash. In a liquefaction plant in which only distillate products are produced, resid is recycled to extinction. In such a configuration the feed to the plant will contain a distillate to coal ratio of less than one with the remaining portion of the solvent made up of residual material having reduced donor capacity.
96/02487
Coal liquefaction using atomically dispersed metals Reynolds, S. D. et al., (Assigned to) Exxon Research & EngineeringCo., US Pat. US.5,454,934, O CI. 1995. Solid carbonaceous materials are converted to liquid products by first treating the solid carbonaceous material with a aqueous composition of a metal carbonate or bicarbonate. This results in the metal being atomically dispersed in the carbonaceous material. The carbonaceous material is then subjected to liquefaction conditions.
96/02488
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
177
Thermodynamically controlled catalysis: equilibria In Flscher.Tropsch synthesis Bell, M. C. Can. Metall. Q., 1995, 34, (4), 331-34l. Previous treatments of the thermodynamic equilibria in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis have ignored the thermodynamic properties of the catalyst. When the assumption is made that the metal is the catalyst, the oxidation state of the gas is fixed at the PcozlPco ratio, at which the metal catalyst oxidizes. Thermodynamic equilibria show that only cobalt and iron have PCQl to Pco ratios, required to maintain the catalyst element as metal, that permit longer chain hydrocarbons to form.
96/02471
Understanding catalysis at the molecular level: Challenges and perspectives Bell, a. T. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 1995, 92, 63·72. Discusses the impact of advances in the molecular understanding of catalyst structure and structure-property relationships in three areas: FischerTropsch synthesis, selective catalytic reduction of NO, and zeolite synthesis. In each case, it is shown that the development of novel catalysts can be guided by using knowledge gained at a fundamental level.
96/02472
Zr promotion of Co/Si0 2 for Flscher-Tropsch synthesis Ali, S. et al., J. Catal., 1995, 157, (1), 35-41. The paper reports on an investigation of the influence of Zr promotion of 20 wt% Co/SjO, on ITS using catalysts prepared in different ways and having different loadings of Zr (up to 8.5 wt%). 96/02473
Economics, Business, Marketing, Policy Accounting and taxation Implications of oil fut ures and options contracts Muir, P. and Gadd, F. Petroleum Review, Dec. 1995, 49, (587), 543-545. Discusses the rapid development and complexity of futures and options contracts (and derivatives generally) has, in most cases, left regulatory, accounting and tax treatments lagging behnind.
Liq uid fuels (derived Jjq uid fuels)
Petroleum measurement manual part XVII : Guide to hydrocarbon loss accounting and control In petroleum refinery operations Institute of Petroleum, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Boffins Lane, Chichester, Wesl Sussex, POl 9 iUD, UK, £40.00, Oct. 1995, 34 pp. The guide provides a summary of procedures that are regarded as ' good practice' by representatives of the UK oil industry. The outcome of a cooperative programmeby the UK oil refineries, this publication is unique in offering refinery loss controllers procedures that can account for, identify and reduce losses appropriate to their refinery's configuration. It provides a systematic loss accounting system which will generate data that enable, firstly, refinery loss objectives to be set and monitored and secondly, meaningful inter-refinery comparisons of losses to be made. The guide draws attention to potential sources of refinery loss and describes ways in which they may be controlled.
96/02481
Switching codes Offshore Engineer, Dec. 1995, p. 29. Reports that the flow of senior oil company engineers into key positions with North Sea contracting organisations has gathered pace in recent months. Among the latest to switch codes is Robin Pinchbeck who was BP' s technology director before joining Aberdeen-based Atlantic Power and Gas as managing director. Discusses the challenges facing Pinchbeck.
96/02482
Technical, economical, and ecolog ical characteristics of methanol application as a fuel for internal combustion engines Zvonov, V. A. et al., Ekotekhnol. Resurs osberezhenie, 1995, (4), 11-18. (In Russian) Presents the properties of MeOH and the prospects of using MeOH in internal-combustion engines, with emphasis on technology, economics, and emissions,
96/02483
96/02474
Argentina - Privatisation gives a new lease of life Cranfield, J. Petroleum Review, Dec. 1995, 49, (587), 564-566. The author discusses the oil and gas industry in Argentina. 96/02475
Thriving in the park Morgan, D. Offshore Engineer, Dec. 1995, p. 25. The author discusses the offshore industry in the Grampian and Northeast Scotland region.
96/02484
Deri ved Liquid Fuels The aryl ether bond reactions with H-donor solvents : guaiacol and tetralin in the presence of catalysts Afifi, A. I. et al., Fuel, Mar. 1996, 75, (4), 509-516. The effect of homogenous catalysis, Fe and Ru, on the conversion of guaiacol in tetralin to catechol and phenol has been investigated as a model for the behaviour of the aryl-oxy linkage that is found in wood, peat and younger coals. In the absence of catalyst and at low ratios of guaiacol to tetralin, the primary product is catechol. Kinetic analysis has confirmed that the rate constant for this primary and rate determiningstep is given by an Arrhenius pre-exponential factor of 1013.8S· l with an activation energy of 215 klmol' . The activation energy found is in good agreement with those of other investigators and lies between the values proposed for homolytic fission (>240kJmol,1and for a concerted or pericyclic reaction (188 klmol
96 /02485
ASCo forges new links Offshore Engineer. Dec. 1995, 30-31. Reports that North Sea operators and their suppliers are radically rethinking their supply chain business strategies in the wake of rapid changes in technology and a shift towards process innovation.
96/02476
Broader business horizons Morgan, D. Offshore Engineer, Dec. 1995, p. 43. A short report on the Stolt organisation in Aberdeen.
96/02477
End to restrictive pract ices in lubricant sales Reader, C. Petroleum Review, Dec. 1995, 49, (587), p. 562. The short article discusses the new European Commission Regulation on car distribution which has been welcomed by lubricant suppliers, in particular by the European Union of Independent Lubricant Manufacturers. 96/02478
Law of December 31, 1992: Pseudo-Reform of the Petroleum System Broussolle, Y. Revue de l'Energie, Jan. 1996, (1), 39-49. (In French) In keeping with the Communities policy requirements, the French legislative body undertook to reform and liberalize the legal framework that had so long dominated the country's petroleum import sector in the spirit of strong government intervention. It seems, though, that the law of December 31,1992, does not thoroughly reform the French petroleum syrern, but rather does no more than confirm and complement a regulation-driven liberalization process that was begun in the seventies under the terms of the law of March 30, 1928. This is so because this law granted major discretionary powers to the executive branch, by allowing the government to apply greater or lesser restrictions to free enterprise by decreasing the content of the authorized imports.
96/02479
The PETA tra ining alliance Petroleum Review, Dec. 1995, 49, (587), 558-560. Discusses how the momentum of political upheaval across the globe in recent years and the implementation of restructuring, privatization and deregulation programmes has led to the creation of worldwide demand for petroleum education and training as companies strive to meet the demands for today's safety, quality and cost-conscious international market-place. The new group, known as The Petroleum Education and Training Alliance (PETA), was forged in April 1995 in order to meet the challenge.
96/02480 Jackson, K.
1).
Blosolubilizat ion of coal: A future approach Miki, K. Shigen 10 Kankyo , 1995,4, (3), 191-195. (In Japanese) The paper discusses non-oxidative biosolubilization of coal for potential application to production of non-polar coal liquid fuels. Reductive enzymes were shown to bring about carbon-carbon bond scission of the structure of coal and to yield volatile materials as products. 96/02486
Catalyst performance in resld containing recycle solvents Anderson, R. K. et al., Fuel Process. Technol., 1995, 45, (2), 109-122. A number of problems were encountered in evaluating catalyst performance in full-range liquefaction recycle solvents containing sizable amounts of resid, unconverted coal and ash. In a liquefaction plant in which only distillate products are produced, resid is recycled to extinction. In such a configuration the feed to the plant will contain a distillate to coal ratio of less than one with the remaining portion of the solvent made up of residual material having reduced donor capacity.
96/02487
Coal liquefaction using atomically dispersed metals Reynolds, S. D. et al., (Assigned to) Exxon Research & EngineeringCo., US Pat. US.5,454,934, O CI. 1995. Solid carbonaceous materials are converted to liquid products by first treating the solid carbonaceous material with a aqueous composition of a metal carbonate or bicarbonate. This results in the metal being atomically dispersed in the carbonaceous material. The carbonaceous material is then subjected to liquefaction conditions.
96/02488
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
177