- Email: [email protected]
Catalytic chemistry
592
BOOK REVIEWS
explosive mixture. But, with gases of every kind and of high purity commercially available today--why?! 4. Jumbling of unrelated facts--in this case within a single sentence: " P o e h l e i n . . . modeled [ CSTRs] for styrene emulsions, and Panina et al. developed a mathematical model describing a peroxydisulfate-triethanolamine initiated laurate-emulsified styrene polymerization" (p. 73). 5. Uneven treatment of different subjects: Waterborne condensation polymers, an extremely important area, are dismissed in four pages (constituting the entirety of Chapter 10), while viscosity and its measurement are given 21 pages, almost 1/10 of the entire text.
6. The subject index is very extensive, apparently computer-derived. Some of the entries do not appear very useful; e.g., "Fell . . . p. 30": " . . . modified starches fell between the two extremes."
Colloidal Systems and Interfaces. By SYDNEY ROSS AND
sions. The authors discuss how the different types of emulsions, foams, and suspensions are distinguished, made, and broken. Steric stabilization is briefly treated in this section. Unfortunately, the attempt to cover such a large and varied subject in a single volume is not entirely successful. The book's origins as a short course are obvious. The treatments of important subjects reflect the time constraints imposed by the short course. Topics are covered in an uneven and sometimes superficial manner. For instance, as noted above, one whole section of the book is devoted to DLVO theory and electrostatic stabilization while steric stabilization, which for practical systems is also extremely important, is briefly treated for a specific type of suspension. In addition, the treatment of some subjects is excessively theoretical and mathematical for a book intended as a general introduction. A discussion of light-scattering theory, for example, seems unnecessary for a beginning reader in these days of highly automated instruments. On the positive side, the book is well equipped with references which can lead to more in-depth treatments of specific subjects. This book could serve its intended purpose as an introduction for scientists and engineers who are new to colloid and interface science. But it does not treat any subject in enough depth to allow the reader to begin to investigate a practical problem in these fields. It also contains much information of little immediate practical use. A scientist or engineer with a specific problem would be better advised to obtain a book which treats the specific subject area in which he is interested.
IAN DOUGLAS MORRISON, Wiley, New York, 1988, 422 pp. This book is based on a short course taught by the authors and the late Dr. F. M. Fowkes. The authors indicate that the book is intended as an introduction for chemists and engineers who have little or no background in colloid and interface chemistry and find that they are faced with practical problems which call for a knowledge of it, The authors, therefore, have tried to introduce a wide range of topics combining both the theoretical and practical aspects of colloid and interface science. None of these is treated in depth. The book is divided into four main sections: Particulates, Interfaces, Stability of Dispersions, and Dispersed Phase Systems. The first section treats the physical properties of particles and of systems containing them. There are brief introductions to the theory of light scattering and the different types o f rheological properties that can be encountered. This is followed by a discussion of different methods of measuring rheological properties and particle size. A very brief treatment of methods for reducing the particle size of suspensions is also included. The second and longest section begins with a treatment of the capillarity of pure liquids and the measurement of surface tensions and contact angles. It then treats surfaceactive materials in both aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, covering subjects such as micellization, solubilization, and the thermodynamics of adsorption. The third section treats DLVO theory and coagulation kinetics. The authors discuss both the Hamaker and Lifshitz approaches to calculating dispersion forces and the various models of electrostatic repulsion forces. Strangely, the subject of steric stabilization is not treated in this section. The final section discusses the specifics of particular kinds of colloidal systems: emulsions, foams, and suspen-
Catalytic Chemistry. By BRUCE C. GATES, Wiley, New York. 458 pp. This book is a faithful record of the author's experience in catalysis and should be of excellent use to all students Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 152, No. 2, September 1992
This reviewer believes that the series editor, Donald Hudgin, and the publisher, Marcel Dekker, should hold their authors to a higher standard. The $110.00 price is excessive for what this book offers. ROBERT M. FITCH
Fitch & Associates Racine, Wisconsin 53402
DAVID Z. BECHER
Monsanto 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Missouri 63141 of chemistry and engineering. It is divided into six chapters, all well written, and organized. Throughout the book, the various subjects are preceded by examinations of concepts and their development. Each chapter ends with a glossary,
BOOK REVIEWS relevant bibliography, further reading literature, and many practical details and solutions to common problems. The book begins with an introductory chapter in which definitions and concepts in catalysis are clearly presented. The description of chemical kinetics is also presented, but in a nonmathematical manner, making it easy for the reader to follow. The second chapter highlights and emphasizes acid-base and organometaUic catalysis. It includes several examples of reactions catalyzed efficiently in either acidic or basic media. Moreover, the bonding, structure, and reactions of transition metal complexes are reviewed in sufficient detail to provide a solid basis for understanding catalysis. Chapter 3 surveys catalysis by enzymes. It is a summary of the structure and the mechanisms for several of the most thoroughly characterized enzymes. This information illustrates the methods of investigation and many of the properties that make enzymes such unique catalysts. Chapter 4 deals with the application of polymers to catalytic reactions. The analysis of intraparticular transport influence is useful in this chapter since the particles of polymers have uniformly distributed catalytic groups and the transport of reactant molecules from their surroundings takes place entirely by diffusion. The coverage of research
Laser Light Scattering: Basic Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. By BENJAMIN CHU, Academic Press, New York. 343 pp. $74.50 The stated intent of the author is that " . . . this book is directed primarily toward the experimental and technical aspects of laser light scattering, with emphasis on how such experiments can be performed . . . . " In keeping with this objective, the exposition of the theory is descriptive rather than deductive and emphasis is placed on how to use various theoretical prescriptions to design an experiment and to analyze the measurements. The interpretation of the experimental results is a separate topic not covered here. The presentation is clear and straightforward so that a novice can get started. It is not the sort of book that will be used as a reference by experienced workers; rather it is an introduction to a complex technical problem. The book is based on a large body of experience gained by working with students with a chemistry background. This is the second edition, the first being written in 1974. It differs from the first in ways that reflect the author's 15 years of working experience in this field and discusses the significant developments that have occurred since 1974. The main chapters are Light Scattering Theory, Optical Mixing Spectroscopy, Photon Correlation Spectroscopy, Interferometry, Experimental Methods, and Methods of Data Analysis. The intent is to prepare one to cope with experimental light-scattering studies of polymers and colloids in a liquid environment where the relevant time scales
593
on nonrigid materials like polymers provides a transition from catalysis in solution to solid surfaces and offers new possibilities in the development of processes usually conducted in liquid media. Perhaps the last two chapters are the most attractive. Chapter 5 is an outline of catalysis within the molecularscale cages of zeolites and other molecular sieves. This chapter briefly compares catalysis in the liquid phase and within zeolites and explains the solvent-like nature of the zeolite pores and the diffusional restrictions. Chapter 6 covers catalysis of the most important industrial reactions. It is built on a large variety of subjects, e.g., single crystals, high surface area solids, characterization, and reactions, which are difficult to connect and analyze in detail in a single chapter. In summary, the book presents a good overview of catalysis, integrating science and technology and including many practical examples which will be of use to many students. J. L. G. FIERRO
Instituto de Catdlisis y Petroleoqu[mica Campus UAM, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain
are on the order of microseconds and longer. The emphasis is on photon correlation spectroscopy although other methods are discussed as well. Considerable attention is paid to the design of apparatus and the physical effects which must be considered if the design is to be successful The experimental methods chapter gets into the details of designing and building a light-scattering apparatus. First the characteristics of lasers are described. Next the optical system is discussed with an emphasis on the scattering cell. Attention is then turned to the design of spectrometers and the implementation of the photon-counting technique. The use of fiber optics is considered in two sections. The data analysis chapter is devoted to the mathematically ill-posed problem of extracting a linewidth distribution function from intensity correlations via the inverse Laplace transform relation. Several of the approaches to this numerically unstable task are discussed and compared. This chapter is worth careful study. The final chapter is devoted to describing how one would go about using laser light scattering to determine the molecular weight distribution of a polymer. A bibliography of research papers on various topics mentioned in the book concludes this chapter. Papers as recent as 1990 are included. RAYMOND D.
MOUNTAIN
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 152, No. 2, September 1992
BOOK REVIEWS
explosive mixture. But, with gases of every kind and of high purity commercially available today--why?! 4. Jumbling of unrelated facts--in this case within a single sentence: " P o e h l e i n . . . modeled [ CSTRs] for styrene emulsions, and Panina et al. developed a mathematical model describing a peroxydisulfate-triethanolamine initiated laurate-emulsified styrene polymerization" (p. 73). 5. Uneven treatment of different subjects: Waterborne condensation polymers, an extremely important area, are dismissed in four pages (constituting the entirety of Chapter 10), while viscosity and its measurement are given 21 pages, almost 1/10 of the entire text.
6. The subject index is very extensive, apparently computer-derived. Some of the entries do not appear very useful; e.g., "Fell . . . p. 30": " . . . modified starches fell between the two extremes."
Colloidal Systems and Interfaces. By SYDNEY ROSS AND
sions. The authors discuss how the different types of emulsions, foams, and suspensions are distinguished, made, and broken. Steric stabilization is briefly treated in this section. Unfortunately, the attempt to cover such a large and varied subject in a single volume is not entirely successful. The book's origins as a short course are obvious. The treatments of important subjects reflect the time constraints imposed by the short course. Topics are covered in an uneven and sometimes superficial manner. For instance, as noted above, one whole section of the book is devoted to DLVO theory and electrostatic stabilization while steric stabilization, which for practical systems is also extremely important, is briefly treated for a specific type of suspension. In addition, the treatment of some subjects is excessively theoretical and mathematical for a book intended as a general introduction. A discussion of light-scattering theory, for example, seems unnecessary for a beginning reader in these days of highly automated instruments. On the positive side, the book is well equipped with references which can lead to more in-depth treatments of specific subjects. This book could serve its intended purpose as an introduction for scientists and engineers who are new to colloid and interface science. But it does not treat any subject in enough depth to allow the reader to begin to investigate a practical problem in these fields. It also contains much information of little immediate practical use. A scientist or engineer with a specific problem would be better advised to obtain a book which treats the specific subject area in which he is interested.
IAN DOUGLAS MORRISON, Wiley, New York, 1988, 422 pp. This book is based on a short course taught by the authors and the late Dr. F. M. Fowkes. The authors indicate that the book is intended as an introduction for chemists and engineers who have little or no background in colloid and interface chemistry and find that they are faced with practical problems which call for a knowledge of it, The authors, therefore, have tried to introduce a wide range of topics combining both the theoretical and practical aspects of colloid and interface science. None of these is treated in depth. The book is divided into four main sections: Particulates, Interfaces, Stability of Dispersions, and Dispersed Phase Systems. The first section treats the physical properties of particles and of systems containing them. There are brief introductions to the theory of light scattering and the different types o f rheological properties that can be encountered. This is followed by a discussion of different methods of measuring rheological properties and particle size. A very brief treatment of methods for reducing the particle size of suspensions is also included. The second and longest section begins with a treatment of the capillarity of pure liquids and the measurement of surface tensions and contact angles. It then treats surfaceactive materials in both aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, covering subjects such as micellization, solubilization, and the thermodynamics of adsorption. The third section treats DLVO theory and coagulation kinetics. The authors discuss both the Hamaker and Lifshitz approaches to calculating dispersion forces and the various models of electrostatic repulsion forces. Strangely, the subject of steric stabilization is not treated in this section. The final section discusses the specifics of particular kinds of colloidal systems: emulsions, foams, and suspen-
Catalytic Chemistry. By BRUCE C. GATES, Wiley, New York. 458 pp. This book is a faithful record of the author's experience in catalysis and should be of excellent use to all students Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 152, No. 2, September 1992
This reviewer believes that the series editor, Donald Hudgin, and the publisher, Marcel Dekker, should hold their authors to a higher standard. The $110.00 price is excessive for what this book offers. ROBERT M. FITCH
Fitch & Associates Racine, Wisconsin 53402
DAVID Z. BECHER
Monsanto 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Missouri 63141 of chemistry and engineering. It is divided into six chapters, all well written, and organized. Throughout the book, the various subjects are preceded by examinations of concepts and their development. Each chapter ends with a glossary,
BOOK REVIEWS relevant bibliography, further reading literature, and many practical details and solutions to common problems. The book begins with an introductory chapter in which definitions and concepts in catalysis are clearly presented. The description of chemical kinetics is also presented, but in a nonmathematical manner, making it easy for the reader to follow. The second chapter highlights and emphasizes acid-base and organometaUic catalysis. It includes several examples of reactions catalyzed efficiently in either acidic or basic media. Moreover, the bonding, structure, and reactions of transition metal complexes are reviewed in sufficient detail to provide a solid basis for understanding catalysis. Chapter 3 surveys catalysis by enzymes. It is a summary of the structure and the mechanisms for several of the most thoroughly characterized enzymes. This information illustrates the methods of investigation and many of the properties that make enzymes such unique catalysts. Chapter 4 deals with the application of polymers to catalytic reactions. The analysis of intraparticular transport influence is useful in this chapter since the particles of polymers have uniformly distributed catalytic groups and the transport of reactant molecules from their surroundings takes place entirely by diffusion. The coverage of research
Laser Light Scattering: Basic Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. By BENJAMIN CHU, Academic Press, New York. 343 pp. $74.50 The stated intent of the author is that " . . . this book is directed primarily toward the experimental and technical aspects of laser light scattering, with emphasis on how such experiments can be performed . . . . " In keeping with this objective, the exposition of the theory is descriptive rather than deductive and emphasis is placed on how to use various theoretical prescriptions to design an experiment and to analyze the measurements. The interpretation of the experimental results is a separate topic not covered here. The presentation is clear and straightforward so that a novice can get started. It is not the sort of book that will be used as a reference by experienced workers; rather it is an introduction to a complex technical problem. The book is based on a large body of experience gained by working with students with a chemistry background. This is the second edition, the first being written in 1974. It differs from the first in ways that reflect the author's 15 years of working experience in this field and discusses the significant developments that have occurred since 1974. The main chapters are Light Scattering Theory, Optical Mixing Spectroscopy, Photon Correlation Spectroscopy, Interferometry, Experimental Methods, and Methods of Data Analysis. The intent is to prepare one to cope with experimental light-scattering studies of polymers and colloids in a liquid environment where the relevant time scales
593
on nonrigid materials like polymers provides a transition from catalysis in solution to solid surfaces and offers new possibilities in the development of processes usually conducted in liquid media. Perhaps the last two chapters are the most attractive. Chapter 5 is an outline of catalysis within the molecularscale cages of zeolites and other molecular sieves. This chapter briefly compares catalysis in the liquid phase and within zeolites and explains the solvent-like nature of the zeolite pores and the diffusional restrictions. Chapter 6 covers catalysis of the most important industrial reactions. It is built on a large variety of subjects, e.g., single crystals, high surface area solids, characterization, and reactions, which are difficult to connect and analyze in detail in a single chapter. In summary, the book presents a good overview of catalysis, integrating science and technology and including many practical examples which will be of use to many students. J. L. G. FIERRO
Instituto de Catdlisis y Petroleoqu[mica Campus UAM, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain
are on the order of microseconds and longer. The emphasis is on photon correlation spectroscopy although other methods are discussed as well. Considerable attention is paid to the design of apparatus and the physical effects which must be considered if the design is to be successful The experimental methods chapter gets into the details of designing and building a light-scattering apparatus. First the characteristics of lasers are described. Next the optical system is discussed with an emphasis on the scattering cell. Attention is then turned to the design of spectrometers and the implementation of the photon-counting technique. The use of fiber optics is considered in two sections. The data analysis chapter is devoted to the mathematically ill-posed problem of extracting a linewidth distribution function from intensity correlations via the inverse Laplace transform relation. Several of the approaches to this numerically unstable task are discussed and compared. This chapter is worth careful study. The final chapter is devoted to describing how one would go about using laser light scattering to determine the molecular weight distribution of a polymer. A bibliography of research papers on various topics mentioned in the book concludes this chapter. Papers as recent as 1990 are included. RAYMOND D.
MOUNTAIN
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 152, No. 2, September 1992