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Ccp cc order to Students to Return to Institutes of Higher Learning
218
STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE
All types of petit-bourgeois ideas within our ranks will also interfere with the correct orientation which is to let class resume and carry out revolution. A high degree of vigilance must be maintained about this.
CCP CC ORDER RETURN
-ro
-I-O STUDENTS TO HIGHER
INSTITUTES OF
LEARNING
Draft provisions issued on March 7, 1967 “for discussion and triaI use”: Peking Hsin-pei-ta editorial department, Peking University Cultural Revolution Committee, March 14, 1967. (1) The great proletarian cultural revolution in institutions of higher learning must firmly implement the proletarian revolutionary line represented by Chairman Mao and thoroughly criticize the bourgeois reactionary line. Struggle, criticism and transformation must be carried out according to the CCP Central Committee’s “Decision on the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.” (2) All revolutionary teachers and students (including those taking part in the power struggle of other units and the liaison stations set up in other localities), exchanging revolutionary experiences in factories, rural districts and other localities, shall, without exception, return to their schools before March 20 and take part in the great cultural revolution in their schools. (3) Revolutionary teachers and students of institutions of higher learning must creatively study and apply the works of Chairman Mao, set their thought and style right and streamline their organization. They must undergo short-term military and political train-
‘COMMUNISM
ing at separate stages and in separate groups according to unified arrangements. (4) In the light of the concrete conditions in their units, the institutions of higher learning must conduct penetrating criticism and struggle politically, ideologically and academically against the handful of party power-holders taking the capitalist road and the reactionary academic “authorities.” Steps should be taken to study and reform the old educational system, and policy and methods of teaching. (5) Institutions of higher learning should adopt a policy of unity and education toward all leading cadres, professors, lecturers, assistant teachers and faculty members with the exception of the handful of party power-holders taking the capitalist road, draw them into the great cultural revolution and arrange jobs for them. A policy of “learning from the past mistakes to avoid future ones and curing illness to save the patient” should be adopted toward those who have made errors. As long as they are not antiparty and antisocialist elements and not those who stick to their errors and refuse to correct their errors despite repeated education, they should be permitted to mend their way and encouraged to perform useful service to atone for their crimes. (6) Provisional power organs of institutions of higher learning must be formed by revolutionary students, revolutionary faculty members and revolutionary leading cadres to lead the great proletarian cultural revolution and exercise power in these institutions. Where the political leadership has been placed in the hands of the revolutionary leftist student organizations, steps should be taken to absorb the revolutionary faculty members and revo-
DOCUMENTS: EDUCATION IN COMMUNIST CHINA
219
lutiooary leading cadres. When con- “The Revolution in E&cation in Colleges of Science and Engineering As Reflected ditions are ripe, a general election shall in the Straggle Between the Two Lines at be held to set up officially such organizational forms as cultural revolution the Shanghai Institute of Mechanical group, cultural revolution committee Engineering (Report of an Investigation).” and cultural revolution congress. (7) The revolutionary Red Guards “Hongqi” (Red Flag) Editor’s Note: in institutions of higher learning are This is another investigation report vanguards of the great proletarian from Shanghai, now published for cultural revolution and should be reference. What is the situation as regulated, consolidated and developed regards the engineering and technical in the course of the movement. The personnel in factories in our big, revolutionary students coming from medium-sized and small industrial the families of working people (includcities throughout the country? How is ing workers, peasants, soldiers, revothe revolution in education going in lutionary cadres and other laborers) the colleges and secondary schools of should form the main body of the Red science and engineering? We hope Guards. Those students coming from that the revolutionary committees in the families of nonworking people, all parts of the country will send out who have deep affection for Chairman people to make some typical investigaMao and manifest the revolutionary tions and report the results to the Party spirit of the proletariat and who coo- Central Committee. This journal will sistently behave well politically and select significant reports for publication. Here we wish to raise the question of ideologically, may also participate. (8) Factories, enterprises and scien- giving attention to re-educating the tific research units belonging to inlarge numbers of college and secondary stitutions of higher learning must school graduates who started work quite some time ago as well as those firmly carry out the directive of Chairman Mao and the party center-grasp who have just begun to work, so that revolution and stimulate productionthey will integrate with the workers and peasants. Some of them are sure to and seriously implement the “lo-Point make a success of this integration and Provision (Draft) of the CCP Central Committee To Grasp Revolution and achieve something in regard to inventions and innovations. Mention should Stimulate Production.‘* be made of these people as encourageThis document may be put up in all ment. Those who are really impossible, institutions of higher learning throughthat is. the diehard capitalist roaders out the country. and bourgeois technical authorities who have incurred the extreme wrath of the masses and therefore must be overthrown, are very few in number. THE REVOLIJTION IN EDUCATION: THE Even they should be given a way out. STFKJQGLE AT THE SHANGHAI TNSTITWE To do otherwise is not the policy of OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING the proletariat. The above-mentioned Article in Hung-ch’i, No. 3 (1968), policies should be applied to both new reprinted in Peking Review, No. 37 and old intellectuals, whether working in the arts or sciences. (September 13, 1968), under the title
STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE
All types of petit-bourgeois ideas within our ranks will also interfere with the correct orientation which is to let class resume and carry out revolution. A high degree of vigilance must be maintained about this.
CCP CC ORDER RETURN
-ro
-I-O STUDENTS TO HIGHER
INSTITUTES OF
LEARNING
Draft provisions issued on March 7, 1967 “for discussion and triaI use”: Peking Hsin-pei-ta editorial department, Peking University Cultural Revolution Committee, March 14, 1967. (1) The great proletarian cultural revolution in institutions of higher learning must firmly implement the proletarian revolutionary line represented by Chairman Mao and thoroughly criticize the bourgeois reactionary line. Struggle, criticism and transformation must be carried out according to the CCP Central Committee’s “Decision on the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.” (2) All revolutionary teachers and students (including those taking part in the power struggle of other units and the liaison stations set up in other localities), exchanging revolutionary experiences in factories, rural districts and other localities, shall, without exception, return to their schools before March 20 and take part in the great cultural revolution in their schools. (3) Revolutionary teachers and students of institutions of higher learning must creatively study and apply the works of Chairman Mao, set their thought and style right and streamline their organization. They must undergo short-term military and political train-
‘COMMUNISM
ing at separate stages and in separate groups according to unified arrangements. (4) In the light of the concrete conditions in their units, the institutions of higher learning must conduct penetrating criticism and struggle politically, ideologically and academically against the handful of party power-holders taking the capitalist road and the reactionary academic “authorities.” Steps should be taken to study and reform the old educational system, and policy and methods of teaching. (5) Institutions of higher learning should adopt a policy of unity and education toward all leading cadres, professors, lecturers, assistant teachers and faculty members with the exception of the handful of party power-holders taking the capitalist road, draw them into the great cultural revolution and arrange jobs for them. A policy of “learning from the past mistakes to avoid future ones and curing illness to save the patient” should be adopted toward those who have made errors. As long as they are not antiparty and antisocialist elements and not those who stick to their errors and refuse to correct their errors despite repeated education, they should be permitted to mend their way and encouraged to perform useful service to atone for their crimes. (6) Provisional power organs of institutions of higher learning must be formed by revolutionary students, revolutionary faculty members and revolutionary leading cadres to lead the great proletarian cultural revolution and exercise power in these institutions. Where the political leadership has been placed in the hands of the revolutionary leftist student organizations, steps should be taken to absorb the revolutionary faculty members and revo-
DOCUMENTS: EDUCATION IN COMMUNIST CHINA
219
lutiooary leading cadres. When con- “The Revolution in E&cation in Colleges of Science and Engineering As Reflected ditions are ripe, a general election shall in the Straggle Between the Two Lines at be held to set up officially such organizational forms as cultural revolution the Shanghai Institute of Mechanical group, cultural revolution committee Engineering (Report of an Investigation).” and cultural revolution congress. (7) The revolutionary Red Guards “Hongqi” (Red Flag) Editor’s Note: in institutions of higher learning are This is another investigation report vanguards of the great proletarian from Shanghai, now published for cultural revolution and should be reference. What is the situation as regulated, consolidated and developed regards the engineering and technical in the course of the movement. The personnel in factories in our big, revolutionary students coming from medium-sized and small industrial the families of working people (includcities throughout the country? How is ing workers, peasants, soldiers, revothe revolution in education going in lutionary cadres and other laborers) the colleges and secondary schools of should form the main body of the Red science and engineering? We hope Guards. Those students coming from that the revolutionary committees in the families of nonworking people, all parts of the country will send out who have deep affection for Chairman people to make some typical investigaMao and manifest the revolutionary tions and report the results to the Party spirit of the proletariat and who coo- Central Committee. This journal will sistently behave well politically and select significant reports for publication. Here we wish to raise the question of ideologically, may also participate. (8) Factories, enterprises and scien- giving attention to re-educating the tific research units belonging to inlarge numbers of college and secondary stitutions of higher learning must school graduates who started work quite some time ago as well as those firmly carry out the directive of Chairman Mao and the party center-grasp who have just begun to work, so that revolution and stimulate productionthey will integrate with the workers and peasants. Some of them are sure to and seriously implement the “lo-Point make a success of this integration and Provision (Draft) of the CCP Central Committee To Grasp Revolution and achieve something in regard to inventions and innovations. Mention should Stimulate Production.‘* be made of these people as encourageThis document may be put up in all ment. Those who are really impossible, institutions of higher learning throughthat is. the diehard capitalist roaders out the country. and bourgeois technical authorities who have incurred the extreme wrath of the masses and therefore must be overthrown, are very few in number. THE REVOLIJTION IN EDUCATION: THE Even they should be given a way out. STFKJQGLE AT THE SHANGHAI TNSTITWE To do otherwise is not the policy of OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING the proletariat. The above-mentioned Article in Hung-ch’i, No. 3 (1968), policies should be applied to both new reprinted in Peking Review, No. 37 and old intellectuals, whether working in the arts or sciences. (September 13, 1968), under the title