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Cephalic glands in sea snakes (Pelamis, Hydrophis and Laticauda)
Srtmor.uvr, R. A., Ceu.Ew.~er, G. L., Corlxg.r., R. C., Dootvnrv, S., Vattaotv, C. A. and BANICa, B. E . C. (Nautchno-Issledovatel'skji Isst . Epidemiol . Mikrobiol., Sofiya, Bulgaria and University College, London). Phospholipase A from bx venom. Europ. J. Biochenr . 20, 439, 1971 . A rxsr~noN of phospholipase A from bee venom has been fully purified as indicated by several criteria, e.g. starch gel elatrrophoreaia, isoelectric focussing, and sedimentation analysis in the ultracentrifuge . The molecular weight is about 19,000, but the enzyme evidently occurs naturally as a dinier. Divalent metal ions, preferably caktium, are nooeasary for activation . In contrast to rattlesnake venom phospholipase A, the bee venom enzyme is acidic. S.A.M . G~oea, H., Fn~rwn, J. and Goon, R. A. (Univ. Minnesota Hospitals, Pathology Res . Lab., Minneapolis, Mina .). A rtarfiah lxmo(ymph factor which atxivatea vertebrate complement in the presence of cobra venom factor. J. Irnmwi . J09, 164, 1972 . DAY, N .,
SrexFtsH hemolymph contains a low molecular weight (ca. 2000) substance that reacts with cobra venom factor to activate the C3~;9 sequence in bullfrog wmplement. The molecular size of the hemolymph factor virtually ps+aludea its being an enzyme such as the C3 proacthvator in man . EDTA diminishes but does not completely inhibit the reaction . S.A .M. Btrarrs, B. and Picswru., G. V. (Dept. Envimnmcntal Medicine, Jolms Hopkins Univ., Baltimore Maryland). Cephalic glands is sea snakes (Pelanrir, Hyrbop/da, and Latiaorrda). Copals 3, 547, 1972. M~xnvB snakes have no cephalic glands that are not found in land snakes. The presenoo of a media!-palital salt-aux+eting gland in Pelanda was not confirmed. The nasal gland decroasea in siu as extratnaal aalt aaxeting ability inex+eases ; it fs least developed in Pelmnir which is the moat Woroughly marine member of its family. The posterior aublmgual gland appears to be the one most active in electrolyte mtcr+etion . The labial glands are larger in Pda»la Wan in Hyrdrophis or Zatlaoaalo but contain no miwnua-aea+eting cello. This may be related to a daxtased need for lubrication wlxa prey is swallowed in water. The venom glands are of the elapid type . S.A.M .
7Y)XlCON l973 Yob Il.
SrexFtsH hemolymph contains a low molecular weight (ca. 2000) substance that reacts with cobra venom factor to activate the C3~;9 sequence in bullfrog wmplement. The molecular size of the hemolymph factor virtually ps+aludea its being an enzyme such as the C3 proacthvator in man . EDTA diminishes but does not completely inhibit the reaction . S.A .M. Btrarrs, B. and Picswru., G. V. (Dept. Envimnmcntal Medicine, Jolms Hopkins Univ., Baltimore Maryland). Cephalic glands is sea snakes (Pelanrir, Hyrbop/da, and Latiaorrda). Copals 3, 547, 1972. M~xnvB snakes have no cephalic glands that are not found in land snakes. The presenoo of a media!-palital salt-aux+eting gland in Pelanda was not confirmed. The nasal gland decroasea in siu as extratnaal aalt aaxeting ability inex+eases ; it fs least developed in Pelmnir which is the moat Woroughly marine member of its family. The posterior aublmgual gland appears to be the one most active in electrolyte mtcr+etion . The labial glands are larger in Pda»la Wan in Hyrdrophis or Zatlaoaalo but contain no miwnua-aea+eting cello. This may be related to a daxtased need for lubrication wlxa prey is swallowed in water. The venom glands are of the elapid type . S.A.M .
7Y)XlCON l973 Yob Il.