- Email: [email protected]
Ceramic provenance and the regional organization of pottery production during the later Formative periods in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico: Results of trace-element and mineralogical analyses
522
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 1, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2014
Guest Editorial
T
HE new era of Internet of Things (IoT) is driving the evolution of conventional vehicle ad hoc networks (VANET) into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) paradigm. According to recent predictions, 25 billion of “things” will be connected to the Internet by 2020 among which vehicles will constitute a significant portion. The difference of the vehicle concept in VANET and IoV makes these two scenarios essentially different in the device, communications, networking, and services aspects. In VANET, a vehicle is mainly considered as a node to disseminate messages among vehicles. In the IoV paradigm, each vehicle is considered as a smart object equipped with a powerful multisensor platform, communications technologies, computation units, and Internet protocol (IP)-based connectivity to the Internet and to other vehicles either directly or indirectly. In addition, a vehicle in IoV is envisioned as a multicommunication model, enabling the interactions between intravehicle components, vehicles and vehicles, vehicles and road, and vehicles and people. IoV enables the acquisition and processing of large amount of data from versatile geographical areas via intelligent vehicles computing platforms to offer various categories of services for road safety and other services to drivers and passengers. There are many unprecedented challenges to realize IoV. A typical challenge is the big data processing and storage in IoV due to huge number of connected vehicles. Personal cloud and mobile cloud computing are envisioned to play important roles in dealing with the big data. The seamless integration of the social context into IoV is a promising approach as well as an important question to achieve green transport. In addition, the wide penetration of electrical vehicles in the near future will demand a very careful consideration on the intelligent interactions between IoV and the smart grid. Here, the interactions are not limited to the communications and computation, but the power load scheduling within the demand response management framework in the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) network. All these issues are being studied in academics, industries, and standardization organizations. This J OURNAL’s Special Issue publishes original contributions on IoV, sharing the research efforts and deployment challenges in this area, and discussing IoV challenges and key enabling techniques. Seven papers are published on original work on new network technologies for IoV, efficient and high throughput medium access control (MAC) layer technologies and scheduling algorithms, new content distribution mechanism, vehicle to grid services, and intrusion detection and privacy. The first paper is entitled “A Novel Vehicular Information Network Architecture Based on Named Data Networking (NDN)” and focuses on vehicular information network in the context of IoT aiming to implement a wide range of
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JIOT.2014.2376631
applications related to traffic and infotainment services. This paper specifically addresses the transport control protocol (TCP)/IP protocol challenge in such a mobile and dense environment through leveraging the named-data networking (NDN) paradigm where the end user only cares about the needed content and pays no attention to the actual location of the content. Novel vehicular information network architecture is presented and deployment guidelines are given showing key parameter settings. The second paper is entitled “Vehicle-Density-Based Adaptive MAC for High Throughput in Drive-thru Networks” and considers quality of service in drive-thru Internet. The paper presents a solution to achieve high throughput in drivethru Internet, in which vehicles are connected to the Internet and are connected to each other also. A density-adaptive MAC protocol is proposed predicting the vehicle-density dynamics and adapting accordingly to offer the highest throughput. Extensive simulations validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed MAC protocol in improving the overall resultant system throughput. The third paper is entitled “Bayesian Coalition Game as-a-Service for Content Distribution in Internet of Vehicles” and presents IoV next-generation infrastructure allowing the communication of vehicles with the cloud and the communication of IoT objects to the cloud. For this latter case, vehicles themselves can be a part of the communication infrastructure. In such an environment, vehicles on the road may act as source provider or consumer to facilitate various users connected to an Internet and the cloud. This paper addressed the content distribution challenge in such environment and proposes a new Bayesian coalition game (BCG) as a service for content distribution and evaluates the performance of the proposed scheme showing efficiency in building next-generation smart city of IoV. The fourth paper is entitled “Optimal Scheduling with Vehicle-to-Grid Regulation Service” and addresses the challenge of creating a massive energy storage system in V2G systems through coordinating the charging/discharging schedules of electric vehicle (EV) batteries. This paper studies the optimal charging/discharging scheduling between one aggregator and its coordinated EVs for the provision of the regulation service and a scheduling method is proposed that assures adequate charging of EVs and the quality of regulation service at the same time. Simulation study shows that the proposed online scheduling can smooth out the real-time power fluctuations of the grid, demonstrating the potential of V2G in providing the regulation service. The fifth paper is entitled “An Efficient and Lightweight Intrusion Detection Mechanism for Service-Oriented Vehicular Networks” and focuses on service-oriented vehicular networks, which are special categories for VANETs that support diverse infrastructure-based commercial infotainment services including for instance Internet access, real-time traffic monitoring
2327-4662 © 2014 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 1, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2014
and management, video streaming. This is considered as an important pillar in IoV. This paper addresses the security challenge in service oriented VANETs through designing an efficient and lightweight intrusion detection mechanism called ELIDV based on a set of rules that detects malicious vehicles promptly and with high accuracy. Performances analysis of ELIDV is carried out through simulations and the results show high security level in terms of highly accurate detection rate and exhibit a lower overhead. The sixth paper is entitled “PHEV Charging and Discharging Cooperation in V2G Networks: A Coalition Game Approach” and considers plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as a dispensable component of the smart grid. This paper addresses the management of PHEV charging and discharging challenge. An electricity load balancing solution is presented leveraging the cooperation among PHEVs allowing the grid to efficiently stimulate PHEV users to charge in load valley and discharge in load peak. Simulation results indicate that the peak valley difference in electricity load of the grid is significantly reduced. Besides, the PHEV users have better satisfaction in the vehicular battery status and the economic profit as well. The seventh paper is entitled “Privacy-Preserving Cooperative Route Planning” and considers the increasing interconnection of traffic participants into the IoV to improve today’s street traffic. This can take place through cooperative route planning for optimizing vehicular routing on a global scale by gathering data about planned routes from interconnected vehicles. To alleviate the security challenge, this paper demonstrates
523
how cooperative route planning can be realized with strong privacy guarantees without significant cuts in utility or cost. A solution is proposed allowing vehicles to publish their intent to pass at specific waypoints at approximate times in an anonymous fashion. H ASSNAA M OUSTAFA , Guest Editor PC Client Division Intel Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA G IOVANNI PAU , Guest Editor Computer Science Department University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA and Computer Laboratory University of Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France FAN BAI , Guest Editor Electrical and Control Integration Laboratory Research and Development Planning General Motors Corporation Detroit, MI 33170 USA YAN Z HANG , Guest Editor Simula Research Laboratory 1325 Lysaker, Norway
Hassnaa Moustafa (SM’08–SM’14) received the Master’s degree in distributed systems from the University of Paris XI, Orsay, France, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in computer and networks from Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France, in 2004. She is a Senior Research Scientist with the PC Client Division, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA, leading innovations in user’s experience for multimedia and video applications. She previously worked with France Telecom (Orange), where she led projects on low-cost wireless networks and services convergences in next-generation networks. She is qualified as a Research Director with the University of Paris XI, in 2010. She is contributing to the IETF standardization and has authored/coauthored over 70 publications in international conferences and journals. She coauthored two books published by the CRC Press. Her research interests include wireless networks (including WPANs and IoT), optimized video delivery, and context awareness.
Giovanni Pau (M’98) received the Italian Laura degree in computer science and Ph.D. degree in computer engineering from the University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, in 1998 and 2002, respectively. He is the ATOS/Renault Smart Mobility Chair Professor with the University Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France. Before joining UPMC, he was a Senior Research Scientist with the Computer Science Department, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), where he still retains the title of Adjunct Professor. He has authored/coauthored more than 80 papers in international conferences and archival journals. His research interests include network systems with a focus on vehicular networks and pervasive mobile sensor systems. Dr. Pau is currently serving as General Co-Chair for ACM MobiCom 2015 and ACM MobiSys 2015.
524
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 1, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2014
Fan Bai received the B.S. degree in automation engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 1999, and the M.S.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, in 2005. He is a Senior Researcher with the Electrical and Control Integration Laboratory, Research and Development and Planning, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, MI, USA, since September 2005. He is also serving as a Ph.D. Supervisory Committee Member at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, and at the University of Illinois, Urban Champaign, IL, USA. He has authored/coauthored about 50 book chapters, conference, and journal papers. His research interests include the discovery of fundamental principles and the analysis and design of protocols/systems for next-generation vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET), for safety, telematics, and infotainment applications. Prof. Bai is an Associate Editor of the IEEE T RANSACTION ON V EHICULAR T ECHNOLOGY and the IEEE T RANSACTION ON M OBILE C OMPUTING. He also serves as Guest Editor for the IEEE Wireless Communication Magazine, the IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, and Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks Journal. He was the recipient of Charles L. McCuen Special Achievement Award from the General Motors Corporation “in recognition of extraordinary accomplishment in area of vehicle-to-vehicle communications for drive assistance and safety.”
Yan Zhang received the Ph.D. degree from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Since August 2006, he has been with the Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway. He is currently the Head of the Department of Networks, Simula Research Laboratory. He is an Adjunct Associate Professor with the Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. He is a Regional Editor, Associate Editor, on the Editorial Board, or Guest Editor of a number of international journals. His research interests include wireless networks, machine-to-machine communications, and smart grid communications.
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 1, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2014
Guest Editorial
T
HE new era of Internet of Things (IoT) is driving the evolution of conventional vehicle ad hoc networks (VANET) into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) paradigm. According to recent predictions, 25 billion of “things” will be connected to the Internet by 2020 among which vehicles will constitute a significant portion. The difference of the vehicle concept in VANET and IoV makes these two scenarios essentially different in the device, communications, networking, and services aspects. In VANET, a vehicle is mainly considered as a node to disseminate messages among vehicles. In the IoV paradigm, each vehicle is considered as a smart object equipped with a powerful multisensor platform, communications technologies, computation units, and Internet protocol (IP)-based connectivity to the Internet and to other vehicles either directly or indirectly. In addition, a vehicle in IoV is envisioned as a multicommunication model, enabling the interactions between intravehicle components, vehicles and vehicles, vehicles and road, and vehicles and people. IoV enables the acquisition and processing of large amount of data from versatile geographical areas via intelligent vehicles computing platforms to offer various categories of services for road safety and other services to drivers and passengers. There are many unprecedented challenges to realize IoV. A typical challenge is the big data processing and storage in IoV due to huge number of connected vehicles. Personal cloud and mobile cloud computing are envisioned to play important roles in dealing with the big data. The seamless integration of the social context into IoV is a promising approach as well as an important question to achieve green transport. In addition, the wide penetration of electrical vehicles in the near future will demand a very careful consideration on the intelligent interactions between IoV and the smart grid. Here, the interactions are not limited to the communications and computation, but the power load scheduling within the demand response management framework in the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) network. All these issues are being studied in academics, industries, and standardization organizations. This J OURNAL’s Special Issue publishes original contributions on IoV, sharing the research efforts and deployment challenges in this area, and discussing IoV challenges and key enabling techniques. Seven papers are published on original work on new network technologies for IoV, efficient and high throughput medium access control (MAC) layer technologies and scheduling algorithms, new content distribution mechanism, vehicle to grid services, and intrusion detection and privacy. The first paper is entitled “A Novel Vehicular Information Network Architecture Based on Named Data Networking (NDN)” and focuses on vehicular information network in the context of IoT aiming to implement a wide range of
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JIOT.2014.2376631
applications related to traffic and infotainment services. This paper specifically addresses the transport control protocol (TCP)/IP protocol challenge in such a mobile and dense environment through leveraging the named-data networking (NDN) paradigm where the end user only cares about the needed content and pays no attention to the actual location of the content. Novel vehicular information network architecture is presented and deployment guidelines are given showing key parameter settings. The second paper is entitled “Vehicle-Density-Based Adaptive MAC for High Throughput in Drive-thru Networks” and considers quality of service in drive-thru Internet. The paper presents a solution to achieve high throughput in drivethru Internet, in which vehicles are connected to the Internet and are connected to each other also. A density-adaptive MAC protocol is proposed predicting the vehicle-density dynamics and adapting accordingly to offer the highest throughput. Extensive simulations validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed MAC protocol in improving the overall resultant system throughput. The third paper is entitled “Bayesian Coalition Game as-a-Service for Content Distribution in Internet of Vehicles” and presents IoV next-generation infrastructure allowing the communication of vehicles with the cloud and the communication of IoT objects to the cloud. For this latter case, vehicles themselves can be a part of the communication infrastructure. In such an environment, vehicles on the road may act as source provider or consumer to facilitate various users connected to an Internet and the cloud. This paper addressed the content distribution challenge in such environment and proposes a new Bayesian coalition game (BCG) as a service for content distribution and evaluates the performance of the proposed scheme showing efficiency in building next-generation smart city of IoV. The fourth paper is entitled “Optimal Scheduling with Vehicle-to-Grid Regulation Service” and addresses the challenge of creating a massive energy storage system in V2G systems through coordinating the charging/discharging schedules of electric vehicle (EV) batteries. This paper studies the optimal charging/discharging scheduling between one aggregator and its coordinated EVs for the provision of the regulation service and a scheduling method is proposed that assures adequate charging of EVs and the quality of regulation service at the same time. Simulation study shows that the proposed online scheduling can smooth out the real-time power fluctuations of the grid, demonstrating the potential of V2G in providing the regulation service. The fifth paper is entitled “An Efficient and Lightweight Intrusion Detection Mechanism for Service-Oriented Vehicular Networks” and focuses on service-oriented vehicular networks, which are special categories for VANETs that support diverse infrastructure-based commercial infotainment services including for instance Internet access, real-time traffic monitoring
2327-4662 © 2014 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 1, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2014
and management, video streaming. This is considered as an important pillar in IoV. This paper addresses the security challenge in service oriented VANETs through designing an efficient and lightweight intrusion detection mechanism called ELIDV based on a set of rules that detects malicious vehicles promptly and with high accuracy. Performances analysis of ELIDV is carried out through simulations and the results show high security level in terms of highly accurate detection rate and exhibit a lower overhead. The sixth paper is entitled “PHEV Charging and Discharging Cooperation in V2G Networks: A Coalition Game Approach” and considers plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as a dispensable component of the smart grid. This paper addresses the management of PHEV charging and discharging challenge. An electricity load balancing solution is presented leveraging the cooperation among PHEVs allowing the grid to efficiently stimulate PHEV users to charge in load valley and discharge in load peak. Simulation results indicate that the peak valley difference in electricity load of the grid is significantly reduced. Besides, the PHEV users have better satisfaction in the vehicular battery status and the economic profit as well. The seventh paper is entitled “Privacy-Preserving Cooperative Route Planning” and considers the increasing interconnection of traffic participants into the IoV to improve today’s street traffic. This can take place through cooperative route planning for optimizing vehicular routing on a global scale by gathering data about planned routes from interconnected vehicles. To alleviate the security challenge, this paper demonstrates
523
how cooperative route planning can be realized with strong privacy guarantees without significant cuts in utility or cost. A solution is proposed allowing vehicles to publish their intent to pass at specific waypoints at approximate times in an anonymous fashion. H ASSNAA M OUSTAFA , Guest Editor PC Client Division Intel Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA G IOVANNI PAU , Guest Editor Computer Science Department University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA and Computer Laboratory University of Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France FAN BAI , Guest Editor Electrical and Control Integration Laboratory Research and Development Planning General Motors Corporation Detroit, MI 33170 USA YAN Z HANG , Guest Editor Simula Research Laboratory 1325 Lysaker, Norway
Hassnaa Moustafa (SM’08–SM’14) received the Master’s degree in distributed systems from the University of Paris XI, Orsay, France, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in computer and networks from Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France, in 2004. She is a Senior Research Scientist with the PC Client Division, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA, leading innovations in user’s experience for multimedia and video applications. She previously worked with France Telecom (Orange), where she led projects on low-cost wireless networks and services convergences in next-generation networks. She is qualified as a Research Director with the University of Paris XI, in 2010. She is contributing to the IETF standardization and has authored/coauthored over 70 publications in international conferences and journals. She coauthored two books published by the CRC Press. Her research interests include wireless networks (including WPANs and IoT), optimized video delivery, and context awareness.
Giovanni Pau (M’98) received the Italian Laura degree in computer science and Ph.D. degree in computer engineering from the University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, in 1998 and 2002, respectively. He is the ATOS/Renault Smart Mobility Chair Professor with the University Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France. Before joining UPMC, he was a Senior Research Scientist with the Computer Science Department, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), where he still retains the title of Adjunct Professor. He has authored/coauthored more than 80 papers in international conferences and archival journals. His research interests include network systems with a focus on vehicular networks and pervasive mobile sensor systems. Dr. Pau is currently serving as General Co-Chair for ACM MobiCom 2015 and ACM MobiSys 2015.
524
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 1, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2014
Fan Bai received the B.S. degree in automation engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 1999, and the M.S.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, in 2005. He is a Senior Researcher with the Electrical and Control Integration Laboratory, Research and Development and Planning, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, MI, USA, since September 2005. He is also serving as a Ph.D. Supervisory Committee Member at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, and at the University of Illinois, Urban Champaign, IL, USA. He has authored/coauthored about 50 book chapters, conference, and journal papers. His research interests include the discovery of fundamental principles and the analysis and design of protocols/systems for next-generation vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET), for safety, telematics, and infotainment applications. Prof. Bai is an Associate Editor of the IEEE T RANSACTION ON V EHICULAR T ECHNOLOGY and the IEEE T RANSACTION ON M OBILE C OMPUTING. He also serves as Guest Editor for the IEEE Wireless Communication Magazine, the IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, and Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks Journal. He was the recipient of Charles L. McCuen Special Achievement Award from the General Motors Corporation “in recognition of extraordinary accomplishment in area of vehicle-to-vehicle communications for drive assistance and safety.”
Yan Zhang received the Ph.D. degree from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Since August 2006, he has been with the Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway. He is currently the Head of the Department of Networks, Simula Research Laboratory. He is an Adjunct Associate Professor with the Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. He is a Regional Editor, Associate Editor, on the Editorial Board, or Guest Editor of a number of international journals. His research interests include wireless networks, machine-to-machine communications, and smart grid communications.