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Characterization of texture and residual stress in a section of 610 mm pipeline steel
N DT Abstracts stress or strain condition in the measurement was evaluated. The results showed that BHN was affected by the stress or strain condition in the measurement. 59178 Govindaraju, M.R.; Sapahi, L.B.; Jiles, D.C.; Liaw, P.; Drinon, D. NDE of irradiation degradation in nuclear pressure vessel steels Nondestructive Evaluation and Material Properties II. Symposium Proceedings, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (United States), 19-21 Oct. 1993. pp. 121-132. Edited by P.K. Liaw, O. Buck, R.J. Arsenault and R.E. Green. The Minerals, Metals Materials Society (1994). ISBN 0-87339- 230-2 The application of Barkhausen Signal Analysis (BSA) technique to the detection of irradiation degradation in pressure vessel steel is investigated. The experiments were conducted on broken and unbroken Charpy specimens of A533 Grade B Class I pressure vessel steels and weldments which were exposed to irradiation levels of 3.9xl0sup(18) n/cmsup(2), 17.7xl0sup(18) n/cmsup(2) and 23.7x10sup(18) n/cmsup(2). The Barkhausen measurements were taken at nominal depths of 0.02, 0.07 and 0.2 mm from the sample surface. The results indicate that the BSA is very sensitive to microstructural changes caused by neutron irradiation and BSA decreases in amplitude with increasing fluence levels.
Hill, R.; Geng, R. Assessment of weld and material defects using acoustic and electromagnetic Barkhausen emission 58894
Progress in Acoustic Emission VII. Proceedings of the 12th International Acoustic Emission Symposium, Sapporo (Japan), 17-20 Oct. 1994. pp. 583-588. Edited by T. Kishi, Y. Mori and M. Enoki. The Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection (1994) Acoustic and electromagnetic Barkhausen emission are associated phenomena generated during the magnetisation of ferromagnetic materials. Acoustic Barkhausen Emission (ABE) is associated with magnetostrictive deformation of the magnetic material within the magnetic domain structure. Electromagnetic Barkhausen Emission (EBE) is a surface phenomenon associated with the switching of magnetic domains within this close surface region. This paper considers the origins of ABE and EBE, the energetics of the generation of these signals and the effects of stress and orientation. The method is considered applied to the characterisation of microscopic and macroscopic defects in ferromagnetic solids, particularly nickel and steel. 58714 Altpeter, 1.; Dobmann, G. Nondestructive characterization of textures in cold-rolled steel products using the magnetic technique Nondestructive Characterization of Materials VI. Edited by R.E. Green, K.J. Kozaczek and C.O. Ruud. pp. 807-816. Plenum Press (1994) ISBN (3- 306-44816-5 An approach combining the different measuring quantities -Barkhausen noise amplitude, coercivity force, the distortion factor of the tangential magnetic field as well as the dynamic magnetostriction - has been optimized to separate the influence of stress from the influence of texture on quantities and to evaluate drawability parameters. A combination probe has been built. Based on investigations of each quantity using sets of samples with known drawability data, a regression algorithm to evaluate rsub(m) and Ar data has been optimized. The result is the evaluation of the rsub(m) and Ar values.
9310) and ion nitrided tool steels (AISI P20, D2 and HI3). A method employing digital signal processing, which includes a fast Fourier transform, has been applied at frequencies ranging from 0 to 200 kHz. Experiments show good correlation between magnetic Barkhausen noise and hardening depth values between 100 and 1000 ~tm for carburised steels, and between 25 and 200 [am for nitrided steels.
Jo, J.; Caudill, G.; Santos, R. Nondestructive evaluation of navy structural components using barkhausen noise analysis 58449
Naval Engineers Journal, Vol. 106, No. 6, pp. 71-75 (1994) This paper presents the use of Barkhausen noise analysis (BNA) to nondestructively evaluate residual stresses in (1) shot-peened Almea strips made of 1070 steel, (2) a 4340 landing gear piston, and (3) a D6AC steel bulkhead. BNA output and X-ray stress values were compared and correlated for each of the components mentioned above. Almen strips were compared in the range of Almen intensity 2A-I7A. BNA was consistent with X-ray diffraction measurements in the Almen strips and the landing gear piston. Quantitative analysis of stress characteristics between the two techniques was also discussed for the D6AC bulkhead. 58446 Negley, M.A.; Jiles, D.C. Imaging surface conditions of ferromagnetic steel using Barkhausen technique IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 4509-4511 (Nov. 1994) The Barkhausen effect is very useful for analyzing the microstructure of a material, since inhomogeneities in the microstructure act as pinning sites which restrict domain wall motion, it can be shown that Barkhansen data, in the form of an rms Barkhausen signal amplitude, can be used to image flaws on the surface of ferromagnetic steels. The material surface conditions, such as stress, cracking, oxidation, plastic deformation and pitting produce signal change which can be visualized through a computer generated image of the related Barkhausen parameters.
Clapham, L.; Krause, T.W.; Olsen, H.; Atherton, D.L.; Clark, P.; Holden, T.M. Characterization of texture and residual stress in a section of 610 mm pipeline steel 58266
NDT & E International, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 73-82 (1995) Gas pipelines are inspected for defects such as corrosion. The most commonly used nondestructive inspection tool uses the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique. The MFL signals depend on the magnetic behavior of the pipe, which is sensitive to its microstructure and crystallographic texture as well as both residual and applied stresses. Here a section of commercial X70 pipeline is characterized using microstructural examination, X-ray diffraction (to determine crystallographic texture) and neutron diffraction (for residual stress measurement). The results correlate well with the manufacturing steps used for this type of pipe. Magnetic characterization is also performed using magnetic Barkhansen noise measurements, which reflect the magnetic anisotropy in the pipe and thus the MFL signal. These results do not correlate simply with crystallographic texture and residual strain results, but this is not unexpected given the complex nature of the material and its stress state.
58712
Itou, Y.; Saruki, K. Evaluation of fatigue damage on plain specimen of mediumcarbon steel by Barkhausen Noise (In Japanese, English abstract)
Nondestructive Characterization of Materials VI. Edited by R.E. Green, K.J. Kozaczek and C.O. Ruud. pp. 659-668. Plenum Press (1994) ISBN 0- 306-44816-5 Near-surface hardness as well as inductive hardness depth values in the range up to 3 mm can be nondestructively determined using measuring quantities derived from the magnetic Barkhausen noise and the time signal of the magnetic tangential field strength. For the majority of the components and different steel compositions investigated, these nondestractively determined results are within the range of respective industrial specifications.
Journal of JSNDI, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 81-87 (Feb. 1995) BHN has been applied to the evaluation of high cycle fatigue damage on plain specimens of medium-carbon steel. The change of BHN with cyclic bending loading was measured on normalized steel and refined steel. The following results have been obtained: (1) For normalized steel and refined steel, BHN voltage change with fatigue was detected but showed different tendencies. (2) The change rate of BHN increased with increasing applied load. (3) Under varying stress, the gradient of the BHN change rate for a cyclic number of stress varied with stress amplitude; (4) The BHN change and fatigue life ratio showed not one-to- one correspondence but some distribution. (5) BHN method was more sensitive to fatigue damage than X-ray method or hardness measurement method.
Altpeter, I.; Kroning, M. Nondestructive determination of the hardening depth in inductive hardened steels
Dubois, M.; Fiset, M. Evaluation of case depth on steels by Barkhausen noise measurement 58451
Materials Science and Technology, Vol. I l, No. 3, pp. 264-267 (Mar. 1995) The Barkhausen noise technique, used to evaluate residual stresses, has also been used to evaluate case depth in carburised steels (AIS1 8620 and
58006
58000 Maksimochkin, V.I.; Tangaev, 1.G.; Garifullin, N.M.; Lomonosova, O.A.; Zayakina, L.G.; Lenskii, O.V. Some possibilities of the electromagnetic method of nondestructive testing of the structure of patented steel wire Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 373-379 (May 1994) We invelstigated the possibility of using the harmonic components of the
334
Hill, R.; Geng, R. Assessment of weld and material defects using acoustic and electromagnetic Barkhausen emission 58894
Progress in Acoustic Emission VII. Proceedings of the 12th International Acoustic Emission Symposium, Sapporo (Japan), 17-20 Oct. 1994. pp. 583-588. Edited by T. Kishi, Y. Mori and M. Enoki. The Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection (1994) Acoustic and electromagnetic Barkhausen emission are associated phenomena generated during the magnetisation of ferromagnetic materials. Acoustic Barkhausen Emission (ABE) is associated with magnetostrictive deformation of the magnetic material within the magnetic domain structure. Electromagnetic Barkhausen Emission (EBE) is a surface phenomenon associated with the switching of magnetic domains within this close surface region. This paper considers the origins of ABE and EBE, the energetics of the generation of these signals and the effects of stress and orientation. The method is considered applied to the characterisation of microscopic and macroscopic defects in ferromagnetic solids, particularly nickel and steel. 58714 Altpeter, 1.; Dobmann, G. Nondestructive characterization of textures in cold-rolled steel products using the magnetic technique Nondestructive Characterization of Materials VI. Edited by R.E. Green, K.J. Kozaczek and C.O. Ruud. pp. 807-816. Plenum Press (1994) ISBN (3- 306-44816-5 An approach combining the different measuring quantities -Barkhausen noise amplitude, coercivity force, the distortion factor of the tangential magnetic field as well as the dynamic magnetostriction - has been optimized to separate the influence of stress from the influence of texture on quantities and to evaluate drawability parameters. A combination probe has been built. Based on investigations of each quantity using sets of samples with known drawability data, a regression algorithm to evaluate rsub(m) and Ar data has been optimized. The result is the evaluation of the rsub(m) and Ar values.
9310) and ion nitrided tool steels (AISI P20, D2 and HI3). A method employing digital signal processing, which includes a fast Fourier transform, has been applied at frequencies ranging from 0 to 200 kHz. Experiments show good correlation between magnetic Barkhausen noise and hardening depth values between 100 and 1000 ~tm for carburised steels, and between 25 and 200 [am for nitrided steels.
Jo, J.; Caudill, G.; Santos, R. Nondestructive evaluation of navy structural components using barkhausen noise analysis 58449
Naval Engineers Journal, Vol. 106, No. 6, pp. 71-75 (1994) This paper presents the use of Barkhausen noise analysis (BNA) to nondestructively evaluate residual stresses in (1) shot-peened Almea strips made of 1070 steel, (2) a 4340 landing gear piston, and (3) a D6AC steel bulkhead. BNA output and X-ray stress values were compared and correlated for each of the components mentioned above. Almen strips were compared in the range of Almen intensity 2A-I7A. BNA was consistent with X-ray diffraction measurements in the Almen strips and the landing gear piston. Quantitative analysis of stress characteristics between the two techniques was also discussed for the D6AC bulkhead. 58446 Negley, M.A.; Jiles, D.C. Imaging surface conditions of ferromagnetic steel using Barkhausen technique IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 4509-4511 (Nov. 1994) The Barkhausen effect is very useful for analyzing the microstructure of a material, since inhomogeneities in the microstructure act as pinning sites which restrict domain wall motion, it can be shown that Barkhansen data, in the form of an rms Barkhausen signal amplitude, can be used to image flaws on the surface of ferromagnetic steels. The material surface conditions, such as stress, cracking, oxidation, plastic deformation and pitting produce signal change which can be visualized through a computer generated image of the related Barkhausen parameters.
Clapham, L.; Krause, T.W.; Olsen, H.; Atherton, D.L.; Clark, P.; Holden, T.M. Characterization of texture and residual stress in a section of 610 mm pipeline steel 58266
NDT & E International, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 73-82 (1995) Gas pipelines are inspected for defects such as corrosion. The most commonly used nondestructive inspection tool uses the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique. The MFL signals depend on the magnetic behavior of the pipe, which is sensitive to its microstructure and crystallographic texture as well as both residual and applied stresses. Here a section of commercial X70 pipeline is characterized using microstructural examination, X-ray diffraction (to determine crystallographic texture) and neutron diffraction (for residual stress measurement). The results correlate well with the manufacturing steps used for this type of pipe. Magnetic characterization is also performed using magnetic Barkhansen noise measurements, which reflect the magnetic anisotropy in the pipe and thus the MFL signal. These results do not correlate simply with crystallographic texture and residual strain results, but this is not unexpected given the complex nature of the material and its stress state.
58712
Itou, Y.; Saruki, K. Evaluation of fatigue damage on plain specimen of mediumcarbon steel by Barkhausen Noise (In Japanese, English abstract)
Nondestructive Characterization of Materials VI. Edited by R.E. Green, K.J. Kozaczek and C.O. Ruud. pp. 659-668. Plenum Press (1994) ISBN 0- 306-44816-5 Near-surface hardness as well as inductive hardness depth values in the range up to 3 mm can be nondestructively determined using measuring quantities derived from the magnetic Barkhausen noise and the time signal of the magnetic tangential field strength. For the majority of the components and different steel compositions investigated, these nondestractively determined results are within the range of respective industrial specifications.
Journal of JSNDI, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 81-87 (Feb. 1995) BHN has been applied to the evaluation of high cycle fatigue damage on plain specimens of medium-carbon steel. The change of BHN with cyclic bending loading was measured on normalized steel and refined steel. The following results have been obtained: (1) For normalized steel and refined steel, BHN voltage change with fatigue was detected but showed different tendencies. (2) The change rate of BHN increased with increasing applied load. (3) Under varying stress, the gradient of the BHN change rate for a cyclic number of stress varied with stress amplitude; (4) The BHN change and fatigue life ratio showed not one-to- one correspondence but some distribution. (5) BHN method was more sensitive to fatigue damage than X-ray method or hardness measurement method.
Altpeter, I.; Kroning, M. Nondestructive determination of the hardening depth in inductive hardened steels
Dubois, M.; Fiset, M. Evaluation of case depth on steels by Barkhausen noise measurement 58451
Materials Science and Technology, Vol. I l, No. 3, pp. 264-267 (Mar. 1995) The Barkhausen noise technique, used to evaluate residual stresses, has also been used to evaluate case depth in carburised steels (AIS1 8620 and
58006
58000 Maksimochkin, V.I.; Tangaev, 1.G.; Garifullin, N.M.; Lomonosova, O.A.; Zayakina, L.G.; Lenskii, O.V. Some possibilities of the electromagnetic method of nondestructive testing of the structure of patented steel wire Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 373-379 (May 1994) We invelstigated the possibility of using the harmonic components of the
334