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Characterizing Lunch Meals Served and Consumed by Preschool Children in Head Start Using Digital Photography
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 9
POSTER SESSION: WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH Evolution of a Dysphagia Team Author(s): M. Bates, E. J. O’Connor, P. Johnson; Nutrition & Food Service, The Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI Learning Outcome: Formation of Multidisciplinary Team Elderly patients are at high risk for dysphagia and aspiration, resulting in frequent hospitalizations from pneumonia. The Speech-Language Pathologist and Registered Dietitian at the Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center in Providence, RI, joined forces to establish a multi-disciplinary Dysphagia Team. After performing a retrospective audit of patients at risk for aspiration, it was determined that the team would be an essential component to quality patient care. From this needs assessment, a fully functioning Dysphagia Team evolved. Since its inception, the team has identified multiple issues related to dysphagia and resultant pneumonia. The team takes a truly multi-disciplinary approach, involving Radiology, Respiratory Therapy, Pulmonary Medicine, Pharmacy and Nursing Service. The team is not only involved in the identification, treatment and management of patients with dysphagia, but also provides education for the hospital’s COPD rehab program, clients from the local American Lung Association, nursing students from a local college, and for the Registered Nurses at the facility. The goal achieved is more awareness of patient caregivers in the identification and treatment of the dysphagia. Funding Disclosure: None
Use of Dietary Supplement in Young Children with Genetic Predisposition to Type 1 Diabetes Author(s): J. Yang,1 L. Ballard,1 S. Virtanen,2 J. Norris,3 N. Frank,4 G. Joslowski,5 M. Pfluger,6 K. Silvis,7 K. Vehik,8 C. Winkler,6 C. Aronsson9; 1 Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 2 National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, 3University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 4University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 5Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany, 6Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany, 7Medical College of Georgia, Atlanta, GA, 8University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 9Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Learning Outcome: To identify the pattern of dietary supplement use and associated factors in young children at high genetic risk of type 1 diabetes. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in Youth (TEDDY) is a longitudinal project designed to identify dietary and other environmental exposures that may affect islet autoimmunity and the development of type 1 diabetes among children at high genetic risk. The use of dietary supplement in 1-5 year old children and potential affecting factors were examined with descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Parent-recorded data showed more than 83% of 3,666 children took at least 1 type of supplement (60% in the US, 99% in Finland, 98% in Germany, and 99% in Sweden, p⬍0.01). Among users, 20% took single supplements (SS), 53% took multivitamins/minerals (MVM), and others took both MVM and SS. Only in Finland did SS users outnumber MVM users, which is attributed to 433 children taking probiotic supplements formulated without other nutrients. The most popular SS was vitamin D in Finland (n⫽710), Germany (n⫽161) and Sweden (n⫽314) and probiotics in the US (n⫽59). MVM without probiotics or fatty acids was used most frequently in every TEDDY country (96% of MVM users). A total of 71 children took MVM containing probiotics and 255 children took MVM containing fatty acids. Besides country of residence, higher education of mothers, being the 1st child, being breastfed once or more, and being breastfed longer than 1 month were found to be associated with supplement use. To conclude, dietary supplement use among young children in TEDDY varies by certain sociodemographic and maternal feeding factors. The impact of nutrient supplementation on disease outcome needs to be further studied. Funding Disclosure: NIDDK, NIEHS, NIAID, NICHD, CDC, JDRF
Differences in Rates of Metabolic Syndrome in U.S. Adolescents by Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Characterizing Lunch Meals Served and Consumed by Preschool Children in Head Start Using Digital Photography
Author(s): C. A. Taylor,1 B. Shirk,1 Y. Wang,2 D. H. Holben2; 1Health, Wellness and Medical Dietetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 2 Nutrition, Ohio University, Athens, OH
Author(s): T. A. Nicklas,1 C. E. O’Neil,2 J. Stuff,1 Y. Liu1; 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 2Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
Learning Outcome: After attending this session, attendees will be able to compare and contrast the patterns of Metabolic Syndrome in U.S. adolescents by eligibility and participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Background: Low income individuals have a greater risk for obesity and chronic disease. Adolescents from households who meet the income guidelines are eligible for food assistance programs and may be at increased risk for chronic disease. Methods: To examine differences in the rates of metabolic syndrome by Supplement Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation, we utilized data from 7,323 adolescents (12-18 years) from the 1999-2006 NHANES. SNAP participation was determined based on receiving benefits in the past year. Income eligible (⬍130% poverty rate) adolescents were stratified to participation (n⫽1,031) or income-eligible but not participating (n⫽2,108). Metabolic Syndrome (MSyn) was categorized using the International Diabetes Federation criteria of central adiposity plus two of the following factors: elevated glucose (⬎100 mg/dL); triglycerides (⬎110 mg/dL); blood pressure (⬎130/85 mmHg); and low HDL (⬍40 mg/dL). Data were weighted to produce nationally-representative estimates. Results: Participants in SNAP were significantly more likely to present with central adiposity (25%, P⫽0.002), while those eligible but not participating were significantly more likely to present with the triglyceride (7%, P⫽0.003) or HDL risk factors (35%, P⬍0.001). More than one-quarter of adolescents presented with the HDL risk factor. No significant differences (P⫽0.458) existed for the rates of MSyn in those participating (3.3%), eligible but not participating (3.6%) or not eligible, not participating (2.8%). Conclusion: Low income adolescents are more likely to present with central obesity and are more likely to present with early markers of chronic disease. Further research should examine the role of food assistance programs to ameliorate these disparities. Funding Disclosure: UCal-Davis/USDA ERS Research Innovation and Development Grants in Economics (RIDGE): Examining the Impact of Food Assistance on Nutrition Program
A-106 / September 2010 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 110 Number 9
Learning Outcome: To characterize intake from lunch meals by preschool children in Head Start using digital photography. Preschool children consume most weekday meals outside the home. Lunch is the major meal served to them; little is known about what is served or consumed. Three days of lunch intake was collected on preschool children (n⫽796) in 16 Head Start centers in Houston, TX (51% boys; 42% black, 58% Hispanic; mean age⫽4 years; 38% overweight/obese) using digital photography. Means, SD, coefficient of variations (CV), correlations and regression analyses were performed. The mean amount of food/beverage served was 572⫾101 grams (g) (58% food). The mean energy served was 581⫾131 kcal; 20% protein, 46% carbohydrate, 34% fat. 79% of the children received additional servings. Total plate waste was 42% (range: 38% [fruit] to 61% [vegetables]). The actual mean intake was 332⫾118 g or 340⫾133 kcal; macronutrient composition was similar to that served. The CV of the amount of food served was 29%: 32% entre´e, 44% vegetables, 60% fruit, and 76% starches. The CV of the amount of food consumed was 47%; 58% entre´e, 86% fruit, 95% vegetables, and 111% starches. The total g amount of food consumed was significantly correlated with the amount served (r⫽0.43; p⬍0.0001); the amount of food consumed significantly increased with increasing amounts served (B⫽0.50; p⬍0.0001). Data showed that plate waste was high; variation in the amounts served and consumed was substantial; and portion amounts served were associated with the amounts consumed. More studies are needed to understand what personal and behavioral factors influence variations in portions served and consumed by preschool children. Funding Disclosure: USDA and NIH 1 RO1 CA 107545
POSTER SESSION: WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH Evolution of a Dysphagia Team Author(s): M. Bates, E. J. O’Connor, P. Johnson; Nutrition & Food Service, The Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI Learning Outcome: Formation of Multidisciplinary Team Elderly patients are at high risk for dysphagia and aspiration, resulting in frequent hospitalizations from pneumonia. The Speech-Language Pathologist and Registered Dietitian at the Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center in Providence, RI, joined forces to establish a multi-disciplinary Dysphagia Team. After performing a retrospective audit of patients at risk for aspiration, it was determined that the team would be an essential component to quality patient care. From this needs assessment, a fully functioning Dysphagia Team evolved. Since its inception, the team has identified multiple issues related to dysphagia and resultant pneumonia. The team takes a truly multi-disciplinary approach, involving Radiology, Respiratory Therapy, Pulmonary Medicine, Pharmacy and Nursing Service. The team is not only involved in the identification, treatment and management of patients with dysphagia, but also provides education for the hospital’s COPD rehab program, clients from the local American Lung Association, nursing students from a local college, and for the Registered Nurses at the facility. The goal achieved is more awareness of patient caregivers in the identification and treatment of the dysphagia. Funding Disclosure: None
Use of Dietary Supplement in Young Children with Genetic Predisposition to Type 1 Diabetes Author(s): J. Yang,1 L. Ballard,1 S. Virtanen,2 J. Norris,3 N. Frank,4 G. Joslowski,5 M. Pfluger,6 K. Silvis,7 K. Vehik,8 C. Winkler,6 C. Aronsson9; 1 Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 2 National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, 3University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 4University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 5Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany, 6Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany, 7Medical College of Georgia, Atlanta, GA, 8University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 9Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Learning Outcome: To identify the pattern of dietary supplement use and associated factors in young children at high genetic risk of type 1 diabetes. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in Youth (TEDDY) is a longitudinal project designed to identify dietary and other environmental exposures that may affect islet autoimmunity and the development of type 1 diabetes among children at high genetic risk. The use of dietary supplement in 1-5 year old children and potential affecting factors were examined with descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Parent-recorded data showed more than 83% of 3,666 children took at least 1 type of supplement (60% in the US, 99% in Finland, 98% in Germany, and 99% in Sweden, p⬍0.01). Among users, 20% took single supplements (SS), 53% took multivitamins/minerals (MVM), and others took both MVM and SS. Only in Finland did SS users outnumber MVM users, which is attributed to 433 children taking probiotic supplements formulated without other nutrients. The most popular SS was vitamin D in Finland (n⫽710), Germany (n⫽161) and Sweden (n⫽314) and probiotics in the US (n⫽59). MVM without probiotics or fatty acids was used most frequently in every TEDDY country (96% of MVM users). A total of 71 children took MVM containing probiotics and 255 children took MVM containing fatty acids. Besides country of residence, higher education of mothers, being the 1st child, being breastfed once or more, and being breastfed longer than 1 month were found to be associated with supplement use. To conclude, dietary supplement use among young children in TEDDY varies by certain sociodemographic and maternal feeding factors. The impact of nutrient supplementation on disease outcome needs to be further studied. Funding Disclosure: NIDDK, NIEHS, NIAID, NICHD, CDC, JDRF
Differences in Rates of Metabolic Syndrome in U.S. Adolescents by Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Characterizing Lunch Meals Served and Consumed by Preschool Children in Head Start Using Digital Photography
Author(s): C. A. Taylor,1 B. Shirk,1 Y. Wang,2 D. H. Holben2; 1Health, Wellness and Medical Dietetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 2 Nutrition, Ohio University, Athens, OH
Author(s): T. A. Nicklas,1 C. E. O’Neil,2 J. Stuff,1 Y. Liu1; 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 2Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
Learning Outcome: After attending this session, attendees will be able to compare and contrast the patterns of Metabolic Syndrome in U.S. adolescents by eligibility and participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Background: Low income individuals have a greater risk for obesity and chronic disease. Adolescents from households who meet the income guidelines are eligible for food assistance programs and may be at increased risk for chronic disease. Methods: To examine differences in the rates of metabolic syndrome by Supplement Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation, we utilized data from 7,323 adolescents (12-18 years) from the 1999-2006 NHANES. SNAP participation was determined based on receiving benefits in the past year. Income eligible (⬍130% poverty rate) adolescents were stratified to participation (n⫽1,031) or income-eligible but not participating (n⫽2,108). Metabolic Syndrome (MSyn) was categorized using the International Diabetes Federation criteria of central adiposity plus two of the following factors: elevated glucose (⬎100 mg/dL); triglycerides (⬎110 mg/dL); blood pressure (⬎130/85 mmHg); and low HDL (⬍40 mg/dL). Data were weighted to produce nationally-representative estimates. Results: Participants in SNAP were significantly more likely to present with central adiposity (25%, P⫽0.002), while those eligible but not participating were significantly more likely to present with the triglyceride (7%, P⫽0.003) or HDL risk factors (35%, P⬍0.001). More than one-quarter of adolescents presented with the HDL risk factor. No significant differences (P⫽0.458) existed for the rates of MSyn in those participating (3.3%), eligible but not participating (3.6%) or not eligible, not participating (2.8%). Conclusion: Low income adolescents are more likely to present with central obesity and are more likely to present with early markers of chronic disease. Further research should examine the role of food assistance programs to ameliorate these disparities. Funding Disclosure: UCal-Davis/USDA ERS Research Innovation and Development Grants in Economics (RIDGE): Examining the Impact of Food Assistance on Nutrition Program
A-106 / September 2010 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 110 Number 9
Learning Outcome: To characterize intake from lunch meals by preschool children in Head Start using digital photography. Preschool children consume most weekday meals outside the home. Lunch is the major meal served to them; little is known about what is served or consumed. Three days of lunch intake was collected on preschool children (n⫽796) in 16 Head Start centers in Houston, TX (51% boys; 42% black, 58% Hispanic; mean age⫽4 years; 38% overweight/obese) using digital photography. Means, SD, coefficient of variations (CV), correlations and regression analyses were performed. The mean amount of food/beverage served was 572⫾101 grams (g) (58% food). The mean energy served was 581⫾131 kcal; 20% protein, 46% carbohydrate, 34% fat. 79% of the children received additional servings. Total plate waste was 42% (range: 38% [fruit] to 61% [vegetables]). The actual mean intake was 332⫾118 g or 340⫾133 kcal; macronutrient composition was similar to that served. The CV of the amount of food served was 29%: 32% entre´e, 44% vegetables, 60% fruit, and 76% starches. The CV of the amount of food consumed was 47%; 58% entre´e, 86% fruit, 95% vegetables, and 111% starches. The total g amount of food consumed was significantly correlated with the amount served (r⫽0.43; p⬍0.0001); the amount of food consumed significantly increased with increasing amounts served (B⫽0.50; p⬍0.0001). Data showed that plate waste was high; variation in the amounts served and consumed was substantial; and portion amounts served were associated with the amounts consumed. More studies are needed to understand what personal and behavioral factors influence variations in portions served and consumed by preschool children. Funding Disclosure: USDA and NIH 1 RO1 CA 107545