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Chemical Sensor Technology, Vol 2
Biosensom & Bioekctmnics 7 (1992) 65-66
Book Review Chemical
Sensor Technology,
Vol 2
This is a second volume of an annual series copublished by Kodansha, Tokyo, and Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, focusing on the research and development of chemical sensors and related technologies. Contributions by frontline researchers have been selected by an international editorial board, while the volume editor(s) is selected from the Japanese members depending on the topic in focus. The present volume is edited by the famous sensor researcher Tetsuro Seiyama, Prof. em. at Kyushu University. The articles are throughout of high quality and have been selected to reflect the needs for chemical sensors in three different fields: firstly, for automatization and computer control in general; secondly, for control in health and medical care; and thirdly, for environmental control. For those especially interested in biosensors, at least 8 of in all 17 papers are of direct concern. Of the first six chapters which treat semiconductor gas sensors, three chapters comprehensively deal with sensors for hydrogen and gases containing hydrogen and for CO: (1) Devices with gates of Pd and other catalytic gate metals; (2) Pd-gate heterostructure diodes, which appear more sensitive than (1) at room temperature; (3) Integrated thin film semiconductor (tin oxide) gas sensors with hydrogen and CO sensitivity. The following chapter describes ozone detection in environment and in industry by indium oxide thin film gas sensors capable of detecting ozone below 1 ppb with low cost, small size, continuous deveices. The stability of the sensitivity of tin oxide sensors used for city gas and propane gas leakage detection in the field has been a problem in the past as a gradual increase in sensitivity, a “hypersensitivity” was observed. How this problem was tackled is summarized in the fifth 09655663/92/$05.00
@ 1992
chapter on gas sensors. These sensors are usually improved by the addition of noble metals, such as Pd to the tin oxide. One important field of sensor applications today is in automobiles. One of the articles in this volume describes semiconducting oxygen sensors of perovskite-type oxides (mixed metal oxides) for controlling the air/fuel ratio in lean bum engines. A paper on electropolymerized films as chemical sensor materials for pH. ISFET and enzyme sensors, which also describe a very rapid amperometric device for glucose based on a bilayer-film coating is followed by two articles dealing with humidity sensors: one sensor type was based on polymer electrolytes and the other on a combination or titanium and tin oxide ceramic. Two articles discuss sensors utilizing solid electrolytes: the first is on electrode reactions in potentiometric gas sensors with solid electrolytes. Most of the discussion refers to oxygen sensors operated at higher temperatures. The second article pertains to the development of ISFETs employing glassy solid electrolytes. The use of glassy chalcogenide films as ISFET membranes has several advantages and there are good prospects for developing sensors for ions of silver, copper, nickel, cadmium, lead and other metals. The remaining articles deal with various aspects of biosensors. From NEC there is an integrated multibiosensor fabricated on SOS (silicon on sapphire) containing three pH sensitive ISFETs on a 1.6 X 4.5 mm chip with glucose oxidase and urease for the simultaneous determination of urea and glucose. This paper also describes an ink jet nozzle method for applying the enzyme on the sensing area. An enzyme embodied electrode (EEE) is presented as a new amperometric biosensing device. The enzyme (glucose oxidase) was incorporated at the sensor tip either on a platinized surface or by simultaneous electrochemical enzyme immobil-
Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.
65
Book review
ization and platinization. This results in one of the smallest biosensor reported to date (diameter down to lOpurn).Other features are wide range (0.5 ~~-10 FM) and rapid response (C 3 s). Optical immunosensors are presented in this text ensyme-labelled luminescent mainly as immunosensors on optical fibers including a new luminescence electrochemical type of immunosensor based on an optical fiber electrode. The molecular recognitive component of the chemical sensor selectivity, the bio-part is a very
66
Biosensors& Bioelectronics
important, although sometimes comparatively neglected aspect of a biosensor. Here it is adequately treated in a separate chapter. Magnetotactic bacteria synthesize ultratine magnetic particles covered by a lipid membrane which prevents aggregation. It is easy to immobilize bioactive compounds on them for use in biosensors. A short review of biosensing using calorimetric devices concludes the second volume of Chemical Sensor Technology. Bengt Danielson
Book Review Chemical
Sensor Technology,
Vol 2
This is a second volume of an annual series copublished by Kodansha, Tokyo, and Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, focusing on the research and development of chemical sensors and related technologies. Contributions by frontline researchers have been selected by an international editorial board, while the volume editor(s) is selected from the Japanese members depending on the topic in focus. The present volume is edited by the famous sensor researcher Tetsuro Seiyama, Prof. em. at Kyushu University. The articles are throughout of high quality and have been selected to reflect the needs for chemical sensors in three different fields: firstly, for automatization and computer control in general; secondly, for control in health and medical care; and thirdly, for environmental control. For those especially interested in biosensors, at least 8 of in all 17 papers are of direct concern. Of the first six chapters which treat semiconductor gas sensors, three chapters comprehensively deal with sensors for hydrogen and gases containing hydrogen and for CO: (1) Devices with gates of Pd and other catalytic gate metals; (2) Pd-gate heterostructure diodes, which appear more sensitive than (1) at room temperature; (3) Integrated thin film semiconductor (tin oxide) gas sensors with hydrogen and CO sensitivity. The following chapter describes ozone detection in environment and in industry by indium oxide thin film gas sensors capable of detecting ozone below 1 ppb with low cost, small size, continuous deveices. The stability of the sensitivity of tin oxide sensors used for city gas and propane gas leakage detection in the field has been a problem in the past as a gradual increase in sensitivity, a “hypersensitivity” was observed. How this problem was tackled is summarized in the fifth 09655663/92/$05.00
@ 1992
chapter on gas sensors. These sensors are usually improved by the addition of noble metals, such as Pd to the tin oxide. One important field of sensor applications today is in automobiles. One of the articles in this volume describes semiconducting oxygen sensors of perovskite-type oxides (mixed metal oxides) for controlling the air/fuel ratio in lean bum engines. A paper on electropolymerized films as chemical sensor materials for pH. ISFET and enzyme sensors, which also describe a very rapid amperometric device for glucose based on a bilayer-film coating is followed by two articles dealing with humidity sensors: one sensor type was based on polymer electrolytes and the other on a combination or titanium and tin oxide ceramic. Two articles discuss sensors utilizing solid electrolytes: the first is on electrode reactions in potentiometric gas sensors with solid electrolytes. Most of the discussion refers to oxygen sensors operated at higher temperatures. The second article pertains to the development of ISFETs employing glassy solid electrolytes. The use of glassy chalcogenide films as ISFET membranes has several advantages and there are good prospects for developing sensors for ions of silver, copper, nickel, cadmium, lead and other metals. The remaining articles deal with various aspects of biosensors. From NEC there is an integrated multibiosensor fabricated on SOS (silicon on sapphire) containing three pH sensitive ISFETs on a 1.6 X 4.5 mm chip with glucose oxidase and urease for the simultaneous determination of urea and glucose. This paper also describes an ink jet nozzle method for applying the enzyme on the sensing area. An enzyme embodied electrode (EEE) is presented as a new amperometric biosensing device. The enzyme (glucose oxidase) was incorporated at the sensor tip either on a platinized surface or by simultaneous electrochemical enzyme immobil-
Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.
65
Book review
ization and platinization. This results in one of the smallest biosensor reported to date (diameter down to lOpurn).Other features are wide range (0.5 ~~-10 FM) and rapid response (C 3 s). Optical immunosensors are presented in this text ensyme-labelled luminescent mainly as immunosensors on optical fibers including a new luminescence electrochemical type of immunosensor based on an optical fiber electrode. The molecular recognitive component of the chemical sensor selectivity, the bio-part is a very
66
Biosensors& Bioelectronics
important, although sometimes comparatively neglected aspect of a biosensor. Here it is adequately treated in a separate chapter. Magnetotactic bacteria synthesize ultratine magnetic particles covered by a lipid membrane which prevents aggregation. It is easy to immobilize bioactive compounds on them for use in biosensors. A short review of biosensing using calorimetric devices concludes the second volume of Chemical Sensor Technology. Bengt Danielson