- Email: [email protected]
Childhood trauma is associated with increased Body Mass Index and increased C-reactive protein levels in first-episode psychosis patients
S200
PNIRS meeting abstracts / Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 25 (2011) S179–S242
immunostimulants and attenuate their beneficial effects on immunity and cancer resistance. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.076
74. Do minimally-invasive surgical procedures reduce colorectal cancer progression? A severity-independent need for arresting surgically-induced stress responses using beta-adrenergic blockers and COX2 inhibitors L. Sorski, B. Levi, L. Shaashua, P. Matzner, E. Rosenne, S. Ben-Eliyahu Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel In the clinical setting, minimizing the extent of oncological surgeries is believed to reduce cancer recurrence. We reported that blocking excess release of catecholamines and prostaglandins in the perioperative context attenuates suppression of anti-cancer immunity and prevents promotion of experimental and spontaneous metastasis by surgery. Here we study colon cancer, comparing several approaches of inducing experimental liver metastasis, employing different surgical and inoculation procedures, and attempting to minimize surgical stress. Syngeneic CT26 colorectal cancer cells were administered to BALB/c female and male mice, either through the hepatic portal vein, or through different approaches of intrasplenic inoculation. Surgical severity of the inoculation procedure was manipulated. Vehicle treated mice were compared to those treated with the beta-blocker, propranolol, and the COX-2 inhibitor, etodolac. Results: Males were significantly more susceptible than females to tumor development (metastases number and liver weight). Retaining the entire spleen (portal inoculation) or removing hemispleen or the entire spleen (intra-splenic inoculation), did not affect resistance to metastasis. Increasing the surgical severity, by adding laparotomy or by extending surgical time and hypothermia, did not worsen metastatic outcomes. Combined administration of propranolol + etodolac significantly improved metastatic resistance irrespective of surgical severity and inoculation procedure. Thus, employing propranolol + etodolac along the perioperative period could be advantageous in both mild and severe surgical procedures in colorectal cancer, especially given the expected pre-surgical psychological stress responses and tumor release of prostaglandins. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.077
75. Childhood trauma is associated with increased Body Mass Index and increased C-reactive protein levels in first-episode psychosis patients N. Hepgul, M. Belvederri-Murri, M. DiForti, S. Dipasquale, P. Dazzan, R.M. Murray, C.M. Pariante, V. Mondelli Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychological Medicine, London, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Kingdom The high incidence of metabolic syndrome in psychosis patients is mainly attributed to antipsychotic treatment. However, it is suggested repeated psychological stress may play a role by inducing a chronic inflammatory process which may predispose to the development of metabolic abnormalities. We investigated the association between psychosocial stress and inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in firstepisode psychosis. Body Mass Index (BMI), weight and waist circumference were measured in 96 first-episode psychosis patients (mean ± SEM age: 27.0 ± 0.6 years) and 99 healthy controls (age: 26.3 ± 0.6 years). High sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and leptin were
measured in a sub-sample of 37 patients (age: 28.5 ± 1.1 years) and 49 controls (age: 26.3 ± 0.6 years). In all subjects information on childhood trauma and recent stressors were collected. Patients showed significantly higher BMI (24.8 ± 0.5 vs. 23.3 ± 0.4), higher hsCRP levels (0.7 ± 0.2 vs. 0.2 ± 0.1) and higher number of childhood trauma events (1.2 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1) compared with controls. Patients with childhood trauma had higher BMI (F = 3.1, df = 2,191, p = .049) and hsCRP (F = 2.5, df = 2,70, p = .089) compared to patients without trauma as well as controls. This was specific to childhood sexual abuse; patients who had experienced childhood sexual abuse had higher BMI (F = 4.4, df = 2,189, p = .013) and hsCRP (F = 8.3, df = 2,69, p = .001) compared to patients who had not experienced sexual abuse and to controls. Our findings suggest childhood sexual abuse contributes to higher levels of inflammatory markers and a worse metabolic status. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.078
76. Changes in the noradrenergic system following chronic stress: Implications for brain cytokine production V. Porterfield a, K.M. Gabella a, M.A. Simmons b, J.D. Johnson a a
Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, USA
b
Brain IL-1 signaling is necessary during chronic stressor exposure to result in depression-like behaviors. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that norepinephrine mediates brain IL-1 production during stressor exposure via stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. The aim of the current study was to investigate potential changes in the noradrenergic system that might enhance brain IL-1 production during chronic stress exposure. We hypothesized that chronic stress would increase beta-adrenergic receptor expression and sensitize norepinephrine release upon subsequent stimulation as observed in depressed human patients. Rats were exposed to chronic mild stress or served as controls and 24 h after the last stressor euthanized to obtain basal levels of norepinephrine or euthanized following exposure to 30 min of restraint stress to measure stimuli-induced norepinephrine. Chronic stress increased norepinephrine turnover (normetanephrine–norepinephrine ratio) in the hypothalamus compared to control animals regardless of exposure to restraint stress, however, restraint stress significantly reduced norepinephrine levels in chronically stressed rats but not controls. Brainstem regions were combined from six control and six chronic stress animals and processed for beta-adrenergic receptor binding. Chronic stress resulted in a twofold increase in ligand binding compared to controls indicating an upregulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. These studies demonstrate that chronic stress alters the noradrenergic system by increasing the number of beta-adrenergic receptors and increasing norepinephrine turnover, both of which may increase IL-1 production in the brain contributing to stressinduced behavioral depression. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.079
77. Pre-natal cytokine exposure influences postnatal development of T helper cells M. Mandal a, A. Marzouk a, S. Basak a, R. Donnelly a,b, N.M. Ponzio a,b a
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA b New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
PNIRS meeting abstracts / Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 25 (2011) S179–S242
immunostimulants and attenuate their beneficial effects on immunity and cancer resistance. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.076
74. Do minimally-invasive surgical procedures reduce colorectal cancer progression? A severity-independent need for arresting surgically-induced stress responses using beta-adrenergic blockers and COX2 inhibitors L. Sorski, B. Levi, L. Shaashua, P. Matzner, E. Rosenne, S. Ben-Eliyahu Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel In the clinical setting, minimizing the extent of oncological surgeries is believed to reduce cancer recurrence. We reported that blocking excess release of catecholamines and prostaglandins in the perioperative context attenuates suppression of anti-cancer immunity and prevents promotion of experimental and spontaneous metastasis by surgery. Here we study colon cancer, comparing several approaches of inducing experimental liver metastasis, employing different surgical and inoculation procedures, and attempting to minimize surgical stress. Syngeneic CT26 colorectal cancer cells were administered to BALB/c female and male mice, either through the hepatic portal vein, or through different approaches of intrasplenic inoculation. Surgical severity of the inoculation procedure was manipulated. Vehicle treated mice were compared to those treated with the beta-blocker, propranolol, and the COX-2 inhibitor, etodolac. Results: Males were significantly more susceptible than females to tumor development (metastases number and liver weight). Retaining the entire spleen (portal inoculation) or removing hemispleen or the entire spleen (intra-splenic inoculation), did not affect resistance to metastasis. Increasing the surgical severity, by adding laparotomy or by extending surgical time and hypothermia, did not worsen metastatic outcomes. Combined administration of propranolol + etodolac significantly improved metastatic resistance irrespective of surgical severity and inoculation procedure. Thus, employing propranolol + etodolac along the perioperative period could be advantageous in both mild and severe surgical procedures in colorectal cancer, especially given the expected pre-surgical psychological stress responses and tumor release of prostaglandins. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.077
75. Childhood trauma is associated with increased Body Mass Index and increased C-reactive protein levels in first-episode psychosis patients N. Hepgul, M. Belvederri-Murri, M. DiForti, S. Dipasquale, P. Dazzan, R.M. Murray, C.M. Pariante, V. Mondelli Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychological Medicine, London, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Kingdom The high incidence of metabolic syndrome in psychosis patients is mainly attributed to antipsychotic treatment. However, it is suggested repeated psychological stress may play a role by inducing a chronic inflammatory process which may predispose to the development of metabolic abnormalities. We investigated the association between psychosocial stress and inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in firstepisode psychosis. Body Mass Index (BMI), weight and waist circumference were measured in 96 first-episode psychosis patients (mean ± SEM age: 27.0 ± 0.6 years) and 99 healthy controls (age: 26.3 ± 0.6 years). High sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and leptin were
measured in a sub-sample of 37 patients (age: 28.5 ± 1.1 years) and 49 controls (age: 26.3 ± 0.6 years). In all subjects information on childhood trauma and recent stressors were collected. Patients showed significantly higher BMI (24.8 ± 0.5 vs. 23.3 ± 0.4), higher hsCRP levels (0.7 ± 0.2 vs. 0.2 ± 0.1) and higher number of childhood trauma events (1.2 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1) compared with controls. Patients with childhood trauma had higher BMI (F = 3.1, df = 2,191, p = .049) and hsCRP (F = 2.5, df = 2,70, p = .089) compared to patients without trauma as well as controls. This was specific to childhood sexual abuse; patients who had experienced childhood sexual abuse had higher BMI (F = 4.4, df = 2,189, p = .013) and hsCRP (F = 8.3, df = 2,69, p = .001) compared to patients who had not experienced sexual abuse and to controls. Our findings suggest childhood sexual abuse contributes to higher levels of inflammatory markers and a worse metabolic status. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.078
76. Changes in the noradrenergic system following chronic stress: Implications for brain cytokine production V. Porterfield a, K.M. Gabella a, M.A. Simmons b, J.D. Johnson a a
Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, USA
b
Brain IL-1 signaling is necessary during chronic stressor exposure to result in depression-like behaviors. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that norepinephrine mediates brain IL-1 production during stressor exposure via stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. The aim of the current study was to investigate potential changes in the noradrenergic system that might enhance brain IL-1 production during chronic stress exposure. We hypothesized that chronic stress would increase beta-adrenergic receptor expression and sensitize norepinephrine release upon subsequent stimulation as observed in depressed human patients. Rats were exposed to chronic mild stress or served as controls and 24 h after the last stressor euthanized to obtain basal levels of norepinephrine or euthanized following exposure to 30 min of restraint stress to measure stimuli-induced norepinephrine. Chronic stress increased norepinephrine turnover (normetanephrine–norepinephrine ratio) in the hypothalamus compared to control animals regardless of exposure to restraint stress, however, restraint stress significantly reduced norepinephrine levels in chronically stressed rats but not controls. Brainstem regions were combined from six control and six chronic stress animals and processed for beta-adrenergic receptor binding. Chronic stress resulted in a twofold increase in ligand binding compared to controls indicating an upregulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. These studies demonstrate that chronic stress alters the noradrenergic system by increasing the number of beta-adrenergic receptors and increasing norepinephrine turnover, both of which may increase IL-1 production in the brain contributing to stressinduced behavioral depression. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.079
77. Pre-natal cytokine exposure influences postnatal development of T helper cells M. Mandal a, A. Marzouk a, S. Basak a, R. Donnelly a,b, N.M. Ponzio a,b a
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA b New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA