- Email: [email protected]
Chiropractic Manipulative Skills
547 ~
Cognitive Psychology by Ronald T Kellogg. Sage Publications, London, 1995 (ISBN 08039 5329 7). ///us. 523 pages. f29.95.
Cognitive Psychology is an advanced psychology text designed specifically for both undergraduate and postgraduate students in t h e field of cognitive science (ie including t h e disciplines of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, etc). The author targets a readership with a solid background in general psychology. From this point of view t h e book would have to be regarded as ancillary to other more basic texts on t h e reading lists of physiotherapy undergraduates. I n particular, therapists should note t h a t ‘material on neurocognitive psychology is written at a level accessible to those who have studied the brain in a general psychology course’. Here readers should bear in mind t h e functional a s opposed to anatomical approach which is a distinguishing feature of studies of the brain by academic psychologists as opposed to clinicians. The book is divided into six main sections. The first provides a n introduction to cognitive pscyhology and includes chapters on the history of cognitive psychology and contemporary cognitive psychology. The second section focuses on basic cognitive operations such as sensation and perception, attention, and memory. Issues regarding t h e acquiring and using of knowledge and skill are covered in the third section (eg chapters entitled ‘Learning, rememberand forgetting’, ‘Knowledge representation and use’, ‘Expertise’). The fourth section deals with the nature and use of language. The fifth section highlights thinking skills and intelligence (for instance, problem solving, reasoning and decision making, and intelligence and thinking). Taking consciousness as its main theme, t h e final section is entitled ‘The past and future’. A knowledge of t h e various aspects of psychology and how they relate to issues in physiotherapy is now regarded as a n essential part of physiotherapy education. In my experience, cognitive psychology often does not receive sufficient emphasis in undergraduate courses although many aspects of it a r e
~
directly relevant to physiotherapy and may be of special significance in formulating appropriate treatment programmes . I know of no book on cognitive psychology t h a t is specifically directed at physiotherapists. Therapists must therefore be selective in the topics they choose for detailed study from standard cognitive psychology texts. A book such a s Kellogg’s is a n excellent example of a n up-to-date text, and well worth exploring for nuggets of information t h a t may inform practice. For instance, t h e section on normal attention may help therapists to understand t h e disorder of unilateral neglect in which patients fail to attend to events occurring on the side of space contralateral to the lesion (the disorder occurs relatively frequently following a lesion to the right cerebral hemisphere, and is implicated in poor functional recovery). The section on memory is clearly important in appreciating how much new information can be presented for optimal learning to occur. It also includes a short discussion on amnesia which may also result from organic brain
damage. Of particular relevance to therapists who may find amnesia co-occurring with physical problems, is t h e finding t h a t such patients are able to learn new procedures (although explicitly they have no knowledge of doing so). To continue with the theme of disorders of cognitive function, the section on the nature and the use of language in normal subjects may help in understanding t h e difficulties some patients may have in language production and/or comprehension following brain damage. Cognitive psychology is not only of relevance in helping to understand some of t h e complex dysfunctions that may result from brain damage. Cognitive psychology can also inform therapists how to develop expertise by facilitating the best methods of practice and training. Such issues are dealt with comprehensively in Kellogg’s text. I n summary, Kellogg’s text on cognitive psychology is detailed, thorough and up-to-date. However, for physiotherapists, I would recommend it is bought as a library item i n a school or department, rather than a personal purchase.
M Jane Riddoch PhD MCSP
Chiropractic Manipulative Skills by David Byfield. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1996 (ISBN 0 7506 0968 0).Illus. 256 pages. f35.
Essentially written for chiropractors and others involved in the manual therapy field, this book contains 11 chapters and three appendices, together with a particularly useful chapter on postural considerations for t h e practitioner. Chapters 8 through to 11deal with pelvic-sacroiliac, lumbar, thoracic and cervical mobilisations. No peripheral manipulations are listed in the book. The photographs a r e exceptionally clear, with line drawings over the top to aid clarity. The simple method of using a plumb-line to emphasise practitioner positioning and joint angles is effective, and superimposed photographs are used on occasion, which again aid clarity. Each photograph (normally two to a page) is accompanied by clear text with bold print usefully incorporated. The book is well-referenced from a broad basis and would be useful for
The various common contact points of the manipulator’s hand: 1 . Bisiform; 2. Hypothenar; 3. Metacarpal; 4.Calcaneal (heel); 5. Thenar; 6. Thumb; 6. Znterphalangeal; 8. Finger tip (pad) or digital
those researching into this a r e a as well as for practising clinicians. Many of the manipulations will be familiar to those who have studied manual therapy at a postgraduate level and t h e author uses a refreshing style, linking scientific theory and practice. I can thoroughly recommend this book to those involved in manual therapy at all levels. C M Norris MSc MCSP
Physiotherapy,September 1996, vol82, no 9
Cognitive Psychology by Ronald T Kellogg. Sage Publications, London, 1995 (ISBN 08039 5329 7). ///us. 523 pages. f29.95.
Cognitive Psychology is an advanced psychology text designed specifically for both undergraduate and postgraduate students in t h e field of cognitive science (ie including t h e disciplines of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, etc). The author targets a readership with a solid background in general psychology. From this point of view t h e book would have to be regarded as ancillary to other more basic texts on t h e reading lists of physiotherapy undergraduates. I n particular, therapists should note t h a t ‘material on neurocognitive psychology is written at a level accessible to those who have studied the brain in a general psychology course’. Here readers should bear in mind t h e functional a s opposed to anatomical approach which is a distinguishing feature of studies of the brain by academic psychologists as opposed to clinicians. The book is divided into six main sections. The first provides a n introduction to cognitive pscyhology and includes chapters on the history of cognitive psychology and contemporary cognitive psychology. The second section focuses on basic cognitive operations such as sensation and perception, attention, and memory. Issues regarding t h e acquiring and using of knowledge and skill are covered in the third section (eg chapters entitled ‘Learning, rememberand forgetting’, ‘Knowledge representation and use’, ‘Expertise’). The fourth section deals with the nature and use of language. The fifth section highlights thinking skills and intelligence (for instance, problem solving, reasoning and decision making, and intelligence and thinking). Taking consciousness as its main theme, t h e final section is entitled ‘The past and future’. A knowledge of t h e various aspects of psychology and how they relate to issues in physiotherapy is now regarded as a n essential part of physiotherapy education. In my experience, cognitive psychology often does not receive sufficient emphasis in undergraduate courses although many aspects of it a r e
~
directly relevant to physiotherapy and may be of special significance in formulating appropriate treatment programmes . I know of no book on cognitive psychology t h a t is specifically directed at physiotherapists. Therapists must therefore be selective in the topics they choose for detailed study from standard cognitive psychology texts. A book such a s Kellogg’s is a n excellent example of a n up-to-date text, and well worth exploring for nuggets of information t h a t may inform practice. For instance, t h e section on normal attention may help therapists to understand t h e disorder of unilateral neglect in which patients fail to attend to events occurring on the side of space contralateral to the lesion (the disorder occurs relatively frequently following a lesion to the right cerebral hemisphere, and is implicated in poor functional recovery). The section on memory is clearly important in appreciating how much new information can be presented for optimal learning to occur. It also includes a short discussion on amnesia which may also result from organic brain
damage. Of particular relevance to therapists who may find amnesia co-occurring with physical problems, is t h e finding t h a t such patients are able to learn new procedures (although explicitly they have no knowledge of doing so). To continue with the theme of disorders of cognitive function, the section on the nature and the use of language in normal subjects may help in understanding t h e difficulties some patients may have in language production and/or comprehension following brain damage. Cognitive psychology is not only of relevance in helping to understand some of t h e complex dysfunctions that may result from brain damage. Cognitive psychology can also inform therapists how to develop expertise by facilitating the best methods of practice and training. Such issues are dealt with comprehensively in Kellogg’s text. I n summary, Kellogg’s text on cognitive psychology is detailed, thorough and up-to-date. However, for physiotherapists, I would recommend it is bought as a library item i n a school or department, rather than a personal purchase.
M Jane Riddoch PhD MCSP
Chiropractic Manipulative Skills by David Byfield. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1996 (ISBN 0 7506 0968 0).Illus. 256 pages. f35.
Essentially written for chiropractors and others involved in the manual therapy field, this book contains 11 chapters and three appendices, together with a particularly useful chapter on postural considerations for t h e practitioner. Chapters 8 through to 11deal with pelvic-sacroiliac, lumbar, thoracic and cervical mobilisations. No peripheral manipulations are listed in the book. The photographs a r e exceptionally clear, with line drawings over the top to aid clarity. The simple method of using a plumb-line to emphasise practitioner positioning and joint angles is effective, and superimposed photographs are used on occasion, which again aid clarity. Each photograph (normally two to a page) is accompanied by clear text with bold print usefully incorporated. The book is well-referenced from a broad basis and would be useful for
The various common contact points of the manipulator’s hand: 1 . Bisiform; 2. Hypothenar; 3. Metacarpal; 4.Calcaneal (heel); 5. Thenar; 6. Thumb; 6. Znterphalangeal; 8. Finger tip (pad) or digital
those researching into this a r e a as well as for practising clinicians. Many of the manipulations will be familiar to those who have studied manual therapy at a postgraduate level and t h e author uses a refreshing style, linking scientific theory and practice. I can thoroughly recommend this book to those involved in manual therapy at all levels. C M Norris MSc MCSP
Physiotherapy,September 1996, vol82, no 9