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Chromatography in biotechnology
XVI
trends in analytical chemistry
outdated. Virtually, no instrument has a linear micron scale. Microscopic techniques are not given sufficient attention and yet is one of the most practical methods available in the proper hands. Most of the spectroscopic methods, including IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry are given in highly descriptive form with little guide to methods of interpreta-
Chromatography
tion. The correlation charts are inadequate and highly dated. Solid state NMR is hardly mentioned. Every polymer analysis lab should have the book available to the staff as a source book which will be extremely handy when problems arise with analysis. However, the book is not a teaching manual and will find little use as a text for an analysis or laboratory
vol. 14, no. 2, 1995
course. The cost is high (US$175) so this will limit its availability to students or interested individuals. JACK L. KOENIG Profess0rJ.L. Koenig is at theJ. Donnell Institute, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7202, USA.
in biotechnology
Chromatography in Biotechnology, edited by C. Horv&h and L.S. Ettre, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1993, price f49.95, lSl3N O-84 12-2669-5
A few years ago, I contemplated producing a text book on the applications of chromatography in biotechnology. I got as far as producing a contents page and came to the same conclusion expressed by Csaba Horvath and Leslie Ettre in the preface to this book that “a comprehensive treatment of chromatography in biotechnology would require a multi-volume treatise”. The ACS Symposium series is therefore a sensible approach. The subject matter of this book derives from a symposium sponsored by the division of Analytical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society at the 4th Chemical Congress of North America held in New York in August 1991. Starting with an introduction entitled “Chromatographic Separations in Biotechnology”, the book is divided into three sections: l Novel operational modes in preparative chromatography l Chromatography of glycoconjugates l Advances in column engineering The introductory chapter by John Frenz is an excellent read, providing a concise and informative review of the role of chromatography in the diverse field of biotechnology. This chapter expertly sets the scene for the ensuing papers. The first section on novel operational modes in preparative chromatography contains five papers dealing with the chromatography of proteins and peptides with the emphasis on therapeutic products. In Chapter 2,
Nadler and Regnier describe the technique of Selective Non-adsorptive Preparative Chromatography (SNAP) for the continuous purification of proteins. The value of the technique is described using an immobilised metal affinity column for the purification of IgG. The advantages of SNAP include simplicity of theory, increased purification speed, efficient use of adsorbent, simplified scale up and decreased cost in the pumping system. In Chapter 3, high performance ion exchange chromatography, a technique routinely employed for the purification of proteins in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, is described. Theoretical and experimental results are clearly presented to demonstrate the power of steric mass action ion exchange equilibrium to predict protein adsorption and behaviour in ion exchange displacement separations. The important role of process chromatography in industrial scale puriflcation of recombinant DNA products is described in Chapter 4 with some excellent “real” samples. Chapter 4 describes the development and current application of preparative scale reverse phase purification of peptides using a simple displacement approach. The value of this technique is described using the purification of a five residue synthetic peptide as a working example. The section closes with a chapter on high performance displacement chromatography (HPDC) using the purification of a synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) as an example of the power of this technique. The allocation of four chapters to the chromatography of glycoconjugates reflects the importance of this area of research in biotechnology. The opening chapter is a readable review of
HPLC-based methods which have been developed to determine the monosaccharide composition of glycoproteins. I felt the text would have been enhanced by the inclusion of some chromatograms, pictorially demonstrating some of the elegant separations developed in this difficult area. The remaining three chapters in this section cover highly specialised applications; the purification of glucose oxidase isozymes by ion exchange, the application of FPLC to the isolation of microsomal cytochromes P450 and finally, a chapter on the monosaccharide compositional analysis of Haemophilus injluenzae type b conjugate vaccine. The non-biochemist should not be put off by the titles of three contributions as they contain some excellent examples of the power of chromatography in solving problems. The remaining two chapters of this book in the section entitled “Column Engineering” are very much for the purist chromatographer with an interest in support chemistry. These papers, though interesting, did not fit well within the overall remit of this book. In general, this a very good book, but most certainly not for beginners. Though informative and in the main well written, this text requires a firm understanding of chromatography. However, this is an excellent compilation for the practising biotechnologist faced with solving complex problems in peptide and protein purification. This is very much a book to inspire fresh thought and help develop new approaches. D.A.P. SMALL DI: DAR Small is Analytical Science Group Manager at ZENECX Bio Products, Cleveland, TS23 lurk, UK.
trends in analytical chemistry
outdated. Virtually, no instrument has a linear micron scale. Microscopic techniques are not given sufficient attention and yet is one of the most practical methods available in the proper hands. Most of the spectroscopic methods, including IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry are given in highly descriptive form with little guide to methods of interpreta-
Chromatography
tion. The correlation charts are inadequate and highly dated. Solid state NMR is hardly mentioned. Every polymer analysis lab should have the book available to the staff as a source book which will be extremely handy when problems arise with analysis. However, the book is not a teaching manual and will find little use as a text for an analysis or laboratory
vol. 14, no. 2, 1995
course. The cost is high (US$175) so this will limit its availability to students or interested individuals. JACK L. KOENIG Profess0rJ.L. Koenig is at theJ. Donnell Institute, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7202, USA.
in biotechnology
Chromatography in Biotechnology, edited by C. Horv&h and L.S. Ettre, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1993, price f49.95, lSl3N O-84 12-2669-5
A few years ago, I contemplated producing a text book on the applications of chromatography in biotechnology. I got as far as producing a contents page and came to the same conclusion expressed by Csaba Horvath and Leslie Ettre in the preface to this book that “a comprehensive treatment of chromatography in biotechnology would require a multi-volume treatise”. The ACS Symposium series is therefore a sensible approach. The subject matter of this book derives from a symposium sponsored by the division of Analytical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society at the 4th Chemical Congress of North America held in New York in August 1991. Starting with an introduction entitled “Chromatographic Separations in Biotechnology”, the book is divided into three sections: l Novel operational modes in preparative chromatography l Chromatography of glycoconjugates l Advances in column engineering The introductory chapter by John Frenz is an excellent read, providing a concise and informative review of the role of chromatography in the diverse field of biotechnology. This chapter expertly sets the scene for the ensuing papers. The first section on novel operational modes in preparative chromatography contains five papers dealing with the chromatography of proteins and peptides with the emphasis on therapeutic products. In Chapter 2,
Nadler and Regnier describe the technique of Selective Non-adsorptive Preparative Chromatography (SNAP) for the continuous purification of proteins. The value of the technique is described using an immobilised metal affinity column for the purification of IgG. The advantages of SNAP include simplicity of theory, increased purification speed, efficient use of adsorbent, simplified scale up and decreased cost in the pumping system. In Chapter 3, high performance ion exchange chromatography, a technique routinely employed for the purification of proteins in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, is described. Theoretical and experimental results are clearly presented to demonstrate the power of steric mass action ion exchange equilibrium to predict protein adsorption and behaviour in ion exchange displacement separations. The important role of process chromatography in industrial scale puriflcation of recombinant DNA products is described in Chapter 4 with some excellent “real” samples. Chapter 4 describes the development and current application of preparative scale reverse phase purification of peptides using a simple displacement approach. The value of this technique is described using the purification of a five residue synthetic peptide as a working example. The section closes with a chapter on high performance displacement chromatography (HPDC) using the purification of a synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) as an example of the power of this technique. The allocation of four chapters to the chromatography of glycoconjugates reflects the importance of this area of research in biotechnology. The opening chapter is a readable review of
HPLC-based methods which have been developed to determine the monosaccharide composition of glycoproteins. I felt the text would have been enhanced by the inclusion of some chromatograms, pictorially demonstrating some of the elegant separations developed in this difficult area. The remaining three chapters in this section cover highly specialised applications; the purification of glucose oxidase isozymes by ion exchange, the application of FPLC to the isolation of microsomal cytochromes P450 and finally, a chapter on the monosaccharide compositional analysis of Haemophilus injluenzae type b conjugate vaccine. The non-biochemist should not be put off by the titles of three contributions as they contain some excellent examples of the power of chromatography in solving problems. The remaining two chapters of this book in the section entitled “Column Engineering” are very much for the purist chromatographer with an interest in support chemistry. These papers, though interesting, did not fit well within the overall remit of this book. In general, this a very good book, but most certainly not for beginners. Though informative and in the main well written, this text requires a firm understanding of chromatography. However, this is an excellent compilation for the practising biotechnologist faced with solving complex problems in peptide and protein purification. This is very much a book to inspire fresh thought and help develop new approaches. D.A.P. SMALL DI: DAR Small is Analytical Science Group Manager at ZENECX Bio Products, Cleveland, TS23 lurk, UK.