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Chronic pain and depression: Does the evidence support a relationship?
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precision and the possibility single case research designs.
of data screening within a single evaluation This report is available through the authors.
such as in
Distraction and coping with pain. - K.D. McCaul and J.M. Malott, Psychol. Bull., 95 (1984) 516-533. Distraction is thought to be an effective strategy for coping with pain-produced distress. This article offers explicit conceptual explanations of why and when distraction will be effective and reviews research related to this conceptual scheme. A theoretical case for the effectiveness of distraction is drawn from assumptions about (a) the importance of cognition in mediating the pain experience, and (b) the limited capacity available for focusing attention on different stimulus events. Combining these assumptions led to four principles that were examined with data. Principle 1: distraction will reduce distress as compared with uninstructed and placebo control conditions. Principle 2: distraction techniques that require more attentional capacity will be more effective. Principle 3: distraction will have stronger effects on pain stimuli of low intensity. Principle 4: distraction will be more effective than sensation redefinition for mild pain stimuli, but the reverse will be true for intense pain stimuli. The data supported these principles, and this review discusses implications and research necessary for helping patients to cope with pain by using these principles. Chronic pain and depression: does the evidence support a relationship? - J.M. Roman0 and J.A. Turner, Psychol. Bull., 97 (1985) 18-34. The extent to which depression and chronic pain are associated remains a controversial issue which empirical studies have failed to resolve completely. A critical evaluation of the relevant literature provides some support for an association between the two syndromes and suggests that coexisting pain and depression may be a final common presentation reached by a number of pathways. Common conceptual and methodological problems that have prevented more definitive conclusions from being drawn are discussed. Current biological and psychological models of the mechanisms by which chronic pain and depression may interact are summarized, and suggestions for future research are made.
SURGERY Absence of abdominal pain in elderly patients with peptic ulcer. - C. Clinch, K. Banerjee and G. Ostick (Bolton General Hospital, Bolton BL4 OJR, U.K.), Age Ageing, 13 (1984) 120-123. Estimations of the proportion of peptic ulcer patients without abdominal pain varies from very low numbers to 25%. In the Bolton Hospital over the 3 years up to January 1983, 132 patients aged over 60 years have been endoscopically diagnosed as having duodenal or benign gastric ulcers. Over the same period, these ulcers have been diagnosed in 67 patients aged between 20 and 50 years. Both younger and older groups were analyzed according to whether or not they had suffered abdominal pain.
precision and the possibility single case research designs.
of data screening within a single evaluation This report is available through the authors.
such as in
Distraction and coping with pain. - K.D. McCaul and J.M. Malott, Psychol. Bull., 95 (1984) 516-533. Distraction is thought to be an effective strategy for coping with pain-produced distress. This article offers explicit conceptual explanations of why and when distraction will be effective and reviews research related to this conceptual scheme. A theoretical case for the effectiveness of distraction is drawn from assumptions about (a) the importance of cognition in mediating the pain experience, and (b) the limited capacity available for focusing attention on different stimulus events. Combining these assumptions led to four principles that were examined with data. Principle 1: distraction will reduce distress as compared with uninstructed and placebo control conditions. Principle 2: distraction techniques that require more attentional capacity will be more effective. Principle 3: distraction will have stronger effects on pain stimuli of low intensity. Principle 4: distraction will be more effective than sensation redefinition for mild pain stimuli, but the reverse will be true for intense pain stimuli. The data supported these principles, and this review discusses implications and research necessary for helping patients to cope with pain by using these principles. Chronic pain and depression: does the evidence support a relationship? - J.M. Roman0 and J.A. Turner, Psychol. Bull., 97 (1985) 18-34. The extent to which depression and chronic pain are associated remains a controversial issue which empirical studies have failed to resolve completely. A critical evaluation of the relevant literature provides some support for an association between the two syndromes and suggests that coexisting pain and depression may be a final common presentation reached by a number of pathways. Common conceptual and methodological problems that have prevented more definitive conclusions from being drawn are discussed. Current biological and psychological models of the mechanisms by which chronic pain and depression may interact are summarized, and suggestions for future research are made.
SURGERY Absence of abdominal pain in elderly patients with peptic ulcer. - C. Clinch, K. Banerjee and G. Ostick (Bolton General Hospital, Bolton BL4 OJR, U.K.), Age Ageing, 13 (1984) 120-123. Estimations of the proportion of peptic ulcer patients without abdominal pain varies from very low numbers to 25%. In the Bolton Hospital over the 3 years up to January 1983, 132 patients aged over 60 years have been endoscopically diagnosed as having duodenal or benign gastric ulcers. Over the same period, these ulcers have been diagnosed in 67 patients aged between 20 and 50 years. Both younger and older groups were analyzed according to whether or not they had suffered abdominal pain.