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Circular pier foundations for abutments of reinforced concrete bridges on the Ban-Tynda railroad
4L~
~l~e authors investigated the bearing capacity of piles for vertical and horizontal static loads. The enlarged bases of the piles were created by detonating a charge in the bottom of the pile borehole, and in some cases dynamometers were installed in the cavities and were monitored during the pile load tests. From the results the antb~rs determined the distribution of contact stresses on the surface of the enlarged bases.
4O8 YAGUDIN,AM DRUZHININ,GA RUD, YP Investigations of the distribution of contact pressures in a short bored pile with a radial enlarged toe. SOIL MECH .FOUND. ENGNG,VI2, N3,1975, P165-167. ~ e authors determined the redistribution of pressures in the soil-pile contact zone during vertical and horizontal loading tests, by monitoring the normal pressures beneath the toe and along the stem of the piles with strain gauges.
4o9 KULCHITSKII, GB Thixotropy of soils of the middle Ob region and its consideration when constructing pile foundations. SOIL MECH. FOUND. ~ G N G .VI2,N3,1975, P168-170. The author investigates thixotropic weakening of soil during pile driving in clays of soft consistency, and recommends an o p t t w ~ l resting time betwean pile driving and performing static pile loading tests in such soils. 410 VARLASHMIN, VM EValuation of the flexural rigidity of buildings in the case of differential settlements of foundation beds above mines. SOIL MECH. FOUND. ENGNG, VI2, N3,1975, P171-173. ~he paper discusses the mine surveylng-geodetic method of evaluating the rigidity of buildings of different designs and t h e surface effects of underground mining operations beneath them. 411 KAKOSIMIDI,NF Calculation of a strip foundation on a base of finite depth with consideration of creep. SOIL MECH.FOUND. ~GNG, V12, N3,1975, P196- 200. The authors examine t h e two.dlmensional problem of calculating the creep of the base of a strip foundation on cohesive soil. They show how the redistribution of the reaction pressures of the base owing to creep leads to an increase of the bending mememts. 412 LAPKIN, VP Effect of transverse anisotropy on the stress-straln state of a soil base loaded by a strip foundation. SOIL MECH .FOUND. E~GNG,VI2,N3,1975, P201- 204. The authors conducted specific model experiments which showed that whan the "degree of anisotropy" (the ratio of the horizontal to the vertical modulus of deformation of the stratum banea~h the base) is less than 0.6 er grester than k, stress-strain s o l u t i o n s based o n the theory of elasticity for an isotropic medium do not give satisfactory results. For this case the effect of anisotropy must be taken into consideration in calculatioas to det e r m i n e displacement of the base.
4z3 BLINKOV, LS GUGUTS IEgE, GN RYZH~g~,AP Circular pier foundations for abutments of reinforced concrete bridges on the Ban-Tynda railroad. In Russian. TRANSP. STROITEL. Ng, SE~T. 1975, Pg-II.
Slopes See also abstract: 358. S~,OV MATVEEV,VD GAGARK IN,AG Determination of slide danger on the slopes of the Southern Crimean coat. IF. SOIL MECH. FOUND. ENGNG,VII, N6,197~, F390-391.
~15 ULICHKIN, GM RESHEYOV, AN Failure of a slope supporting bridge piers. SOIL MECH.FOUND.EI~GNG.VI2,N2,1975,1~-95. This paper presents a case history of a circular slip failure within a semi stiff clay stratum which was situated beneath piled bridge piers. Failure was induced by saturation of the slope by thaw waters during the spring, and simmltaneous loading of surcharge on the upper edge of the slope. The presence of saturated sand lenses within the clay further affected stability.
Earth retaining structures ~16 SIMS,FA JONES, CJ Comparisoa between theoretical and measured earth pressures acting on a large motorwSy retaining wall.
9R. THE HIGHWAY ~GR,V21,NI2,DEC.197~,F26-29. Observations of a large motorw~ retaining wall in Yorkshire indicated that the earth pressures on the wall were increasing with time and that the accepted design theory for retaining walls was based on concepts of eerth pressure incompatible with those found by measurement. Five years later am equilibrium condition appeared to have been reached. Finite element s~alysis based upon elastic concepts compares favourably with the initial earth pressures and it appears that the increase in earth pressure and that has been recorded since the motorway was opened in 1968 may have been caused by traffic. ~17 SHIKHIEV, FM YAKOVLEVs PI Active pressure from layered backfills on retaining walls. SOIL MECH .FOUND. E~GNG.VI2, N2,1975, F120-12~. The article proposes a method for solving the active pressure in the general case for an inclined rough wall
with a sloping backfill loaded by a uniformly alstribu° ted surcharge, for any number of backfill layers and a~F inclination of the boundary lines between the layers. Methods are employed which utilise the premises of the theory of limiting stress state of granular media.
505 SNITKO,NK Exact solution of the problem af the stiffness coefficiemt of piles restrained in a grillage. SOIL MECH .FOUND. ~GNG, VI2, i~, 1975, I~ZI0.ZI2. The author considers the case of flexible piles with their caps restrained in a rigid, horizontaJ~ shifting grillage slab, and an embedded length in an elastic medium. He takes account of the fact that the passive earth pressure which acts ~ the penetration length of the piles caused not only horizontal displacement but also rotation of the axes of the piles. The rotation of the axes leads to bending along their embedded lemgths, and this ~,=t be ac. counted for when estimating the displacement of the pile
~l~e authors investigated the bearing capacity of piles for vertical and horizontal static loads. The enlarged bases of the piles were created by detonating a charge in the bottom of the pile borehole, and in some cases dynamometers were installed in the cavities and were monitored during the pile load tests. From the results the antb~rs determined the distribution of contact stresses on the surface of the enlarged bases.
4O8 YAGUDIN,AM DRUZHININ,GA RUD, YP Investigations of the distribution of contact pressures in a short bored pile with a radial enlarged toe. SOIL MECH .FOUND. ENGNG,VI2, N3,1975, P165-167. ~ e authors determined the redistribution of pressures in the soil-pile contact zone during vertical and horizontal loading tests, by monitoring the normal pressures beneath the toe and along the stem of the piles with strain gauges.
4o9 KULCHITSKII, GB Thixotropy of soils of the middle Ob region and its consideration when constructing pile foundations. SOIL MECH. FOUND. ~ G N G .VI2,N3,1975, P168-170. The author investigates thixotropic weakening of soil during pile driving in clays of soft consistency, and recommends an o p t t w ~ l resting time betwean pile driving and performing static pile loading tests in such soils. 410 VARLASHMIN, VM EValuation of the flexural rigidity of buildings in the case of differential settlements of foundation beds above mines. SOIL MECH. FOUND. ENGNG, VI2, N3,1975, P171-173. ~he paper discusses the mine surveylng-geodetic method of evaluating the rigidity of buildings of different designs and t h e surface effects of underground mining operations beneath them. 411 KAKOSIMIDI,NF Calculation of a strip foundation on a base of finite depth with consideration of creep. SOIL MECH.FOUND. ~GNG, V12, N3,1975, P196- 200. The authors examine t h e two.dlmensional problem of calculating the creep of the base of a strip foundation on cohesive soil. They show how the redistribution of the reaction pressures of the base owing to creep leads to an increase of the bending mememts. 412 LAPKIN, VP Effect of transverse anisotropy on the stress-straln state of a soil base loaded by a strip foundation. SOIL MECH .FOUND. E~GNG,VI2,N3,1975, P201- 204. The authors conducted specific model experiments which showed that whan the "degree of anisotropy" (the ratio of the horizontal to the vertical modulus of deformation of the stratum banea~h the base) is less than 0.6 er grester than k, stress-strain s o l u t i o n s based o n the theory of elasticity for an isotropic medium do not give satisfactory results. For this case the effect of anisotropy must be taken into consideration in calculatioas to det e r m i n e displacement of the base.
4z3 BLINKOV, LS GUGUTS IEgE, GN RYZH~g~,AP Circular pier foundations for abutments of reinforced concrete bridges on the Ban-Tynda railroad. In Russian. TRANSP. STROITEL. Ng, SE~T. 1975, Pg-II.
Slopes See also abstract: 358. S~,OV MATVEEV,VD GAGARK IN,AG Determination of slide danger on the slopes of the Southern Crimean coat. IF. SOIL MECH. FOUND. ENGNG,VII, N6,197~, F390-391.
~15 ULICHKIN, GM RESHEYOV, AN Failure of a slope supporting bridge piers. SOIL MECH.FOUND.EI~GNG.VI2,N2,1975,1~-95. This paper presents a case history of a circular slip failure within a semi stiff clay stratum which was situated beneath piled bridge piers. Failure was induced by saturation of the slope by thaw waters during the spring, and simmltaneous loading of surcharge on the upper edge of the slope. The presence of saturated sand lenses within the clay further affected stability.
Earth retaining structures ~16 SIMS,FA JONES, CJ Comparisoa between theoretical and measured earth pressures acting on a large motorwSy retaining wall.
9R. THE HIGHWAY ~GR,V21,NI2,DEC.197~,F26-29. Observations of a large motorw~ retaining wall in Yorkshire indicated that the earth pressures on the wall were increasing with time and that the accepted design theory for retaining walls was based on concepts of eerth pressure incompatible with those found by measurement. Five years later am equilibrium condition appeared to have been reached. Finite element s~alysis based upon elastic concepts compares favourably with the initial earth pressures and it appears that the increase in earth pressure and that has been recorded since the motorway was opened in 1968 may have been caused by traffic. ~17 SHIKHIEV, FM YAKOVLEVs PI Active pressure from layered backfills on retaining walls. SOIL MECH .FOUND. E~GNG.VI2, N2,1975, F120-12~. The article proposes a method for solving the active pressure in the general case for an inclined rough wall
with a sloping backfill loaded by a uniformly alstribu° ted surcharge, for any number of backfill layers and a~F inclination of the boundary lines between the layers. Methods are employed which utilise the premises of the theory of limiting stress state of granular media.
505 SNITKO,NK Exact solution of the problem af the stiffness coefficiemt of piles restrained in a grillage. SOIL MECH .FOUND. ~GNG, VI2, i~, 1975, I~ZI0.ZI2. The author considers the case of flexible piles with their caps restrained in a rigid, horizontaJ~ shifting grillage slab, and an embedded length in an elastic medium. He takes account of the fact that the passive earth pressure which acts ~ the penetration length of the piles caused not only horizontal displacement but also rotation of the axes of the piles. The rotation of the axes leads to bending along their embedded lemgths, and this ~,=t be ac. counted for when estimating the displacement of the pile