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14. Rosencranz HA and McNevin TE. A factor analysis of attitudes toward the aged. Gerontologist 1969; 9: 55-59. 15. Norusis MJ. SPSWPC + 4.0. Base Manual for the IBM PC/ XT/AT and PS/2. Chicago: SPSS Inc. 1990. 16. Giardina-Roche C and Black ME. Attitudes of diploma student nurses toward adult clients. .I. Nurs. Educ. 1990; 29: 208-214. 17. Morris RT and Sherlock BJ. Decline of ethics and the rise of cynicism in dental school. _I. Health Sot. Behav. 1971; 12: 290-299.
18. Eli I and Shuval ST. Professional socialisation in dentistry. Sot. Sci. Med. 1982: 16: 951-955. 19. Silberman SL, Freeman I and Lester GR. A longitudinal study of dental students’ personality type preferences. J. Dent. Educ. 1992; 56: 384-388. 20. Dye CA Attitude change among health professions: implications for gerontological nursing. .I. Geronrof. Nurs. 1979; 5: 31-35. 21. Fiske J and Diu S. Undergraduate teaching in geriatric dentistry. Br. Dent. J. 1992; 173: 154-155.
Book reviews Clinical Dental Hygiene: A Handbook for the Dental Team. T. F. Walsh, K. H. Figures and D. J. Lamb. Pp. 180.1992. Oxford, Wright. Softback, f 19.95. A Handbook for Dental Hygienists, 3rd edition. W. J. N. Collins and T. F. Walsh. 336 pp. 1992. Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann. Softback, f 19.95. Clinical Dental Hygiene is a new book intended primarily for dental hygienists. Two of the authors are senior lecturers in restorative dentistry while the third is director of a school of dental hygiene; his expertise is reflected in the book’s general standard. The first part provides a brief but pertinent account of topographical and applied oral anatomy. Each section is complemented by numerous black and white illustrations and the brief reading list at the end is a welcome inclusion. The second section introduces dental disease. Here the authors produce a concise account of common oral conditions, including a review of systemic disease affecting the periodontium, and the presentation of pre-malignant and malignant conditions in the mouth. Dental caries is fully discussed in terms of microbial and environmental factors. Surprisingly, periodontal disease is not discussed here but in the third and largest section entitled Clinical Practice. This provides an up-to-date relevant account of clinical dental hygiene. The review of patient assessment and management is most significant for students entering clinical practice. While self-perform dental hygiene aids are presented, comments on subgingival irrigation and chemical plaque control would have been welcome. Instrument design and the principles of instrumentation are clearly presented, while the up-to-date account of mechanical scalers with comparison of sonic and ultrasonic designs is commendable. Chronic periodontal disease is discussed solely in terms of basic classification and management, with no attempt at aetiology and pathogenesis, acceptable in a book designed for clinical application. Cross-infection and moisture control, fluoride application, fissure sealants, management of hypersensitivity and instrument care are all carefully yet concisely presented. The management of those with special needs, for example, medically compromised and implant patients, are particularly relevant. Periodontal
screening, radiographic examination and medical emergencies are all welcome inclusions. An appendix relating to disease assessment complements this chapter. As well as local infiltration analgesia, impression taking and application of rubber dam are discussed in anticipation of the possible expansion of the role of the dental hygienist. This essentially practical book is welcomed in filling the void in texts written specifically for the Diploma in Dental Hygiene. At the same time the authors have successfully brought together topics normally found in separate texts and presented them in sufficient detail to be of use to the whole dental team. A Handbook for Dental Hygienists is the third edition of the book first published in 1978. It has long been, and will no doubt continue as, a standard text for students of dental hygiene. One of the authors is currently Chairman of the Examining Board for Dental Hygienists. All the chapters have been updated in an attempt to maintain a comprehensive, basic text covering the whole training syllabus for the certificate in dental hygiene. For this reason, parts of the text are of necessity basic. However, the essential information is presented clearly and logically, and students are directed to appropriate, more detailed reading with short, significant references at the end of each chapter. Two new chapters have been added. A short account of local infiltration analgesia is in response to recent changes in the Dental Auxiliary Regulations, while the increasing importance of cross-infection control in dental practice is recognized by a section which provides a useful update and is recommended to all members of the dental team. The discussion of high-risk behaviours for HBV and HIV is a particularly welcome inclusion, coupled with sound advice on the routine application of a high standard of clinical practice. Although practical instrumentation is not dealt with, there is a useful review of instrument care and sonic/ultrasonic equipment. Although many of the topics in this book are dealt with in much greater depth in standard dental texts, these are generally written with dental undergraduates in mind, and are thus too complex and lengthy, not to mention expensive, for dental hygienists. The authors have succeeded in producing a text which is both comprehensive and concise, essential for the short, intense training in dental hygiene. M. Kellett