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Clinical History of Cases of Swine Erysipelas (Endocarditis)
180
REPORT.
!tporf. CLINICAL HISTORY OF CASES OF SWINE ERYSIPELAS
l
(ENDOCARDITIS).
CASE A.-In April 1896 a brood sow in young was bought by A., and a fortnight later she farrowed seven. Nine weeks later the bonhams were sold as follows:One to B.; two to c.; two to D.; and two to someone unknown. The brood sow was subsequently sold fat. A. had no swine then remaining. On or about the 20th August 1896 B.'s pig (a store sow) appeared to be suffering from a cold; and on the 27th August 1896 it developed violent symptoms of sickness, and was reported on that date as affected with swine fever. The symptoms were described to the police as "refusing food." B. had two other swine (a sow and a hog) on his premises at that time, bought four months before. The departmental veterinary inspector visited on the 29th August 1896; described the symptoms presented by the reported sow as follows : " Very much discoloured, the whole back and sides being of a livid blue colour. When made to move, the animal emitted great cries of pain. Temperature 104f F." This sow was slaughtered, and viscera sent to department for post-mortelll examination. The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being sent to Professor M'Fadyean he reported having found numerous swineerysipelas bacilli therein. Veterinary inspector revisited on the 9th September 1896, but could not detect any appearances of ill-health among B.'s remaining two swine. On the 17th September 1896 visited the premises of C. and D. with the following result: C. had sold the two swine referred to "fat" three weeks previously. The two bought by D. were still on his premises, and were found to all appearances healthy and thriving well. On the same date, 17th September 1896, the premises of B. were again visited. The hog was found in good condition, and apparently in good health, temperature 102~r F., but the sow was not putting on condition, temperature 103}" F. It was also observed that" the tail was hanging down Emp like the lash of a whip." This last-mentioned animal was slaughtered on the 23rd September 1896, and the viscera forwarded for examination. Heart and viscera were examined and found free from disease. CASE B.-About the middle of February 1896 a sow, about eight weeks in young, was purchased at a fair, and brought on to premises on which there were already four store swine. (These latter were sold fat about May.) On or about 12th April 1896 the sow gave birth to seven young; four died shortly after birth-some at least having been killed by the sow. The three remaining (stores) on being weaned were housed in a sty and not allowed out afterwards. On the 26th August 1896, midday, the owner, noticed that the stores had 1 From the Second Report of the Departmental Committee appointed by the Board of Agriculture to inquire into the Etiology, Pathology, and Morbid Anatomy of the Diseases classed as Swine Fever, 1897. Eyre & Spottiswoode, London.
REPORT.
181
not eaten their usual quantity of food. One of them was breathing heavily (abdominal), and had a slight redness over back of neck and back of ears. This animal was found dead in the afternoon. On the 30th August 1896, the remaining two were noticed ill in a similar way, and were reported on same date. One was slaughtered on the 31st Result," Not August 1896, the other on the I I th September 1896. swine fever," but as the hearts showed vegetation on the mitral valves, they were sent to Professor M'Fadyean, who found swine-erysipelas bacilli in both cases. The symptoms presented by the above three stores were similar, and as follows :-Off feeding; disinclined to move about; redness of skin. The animal referred to above as having been slaughtered on the 11th September 1896 was at the time of the inspector's visit (same date) considered by the owner to be getting better, as it had returned to its feeding. The inspector found it not inclined to move much; breathing hurried and laboured; a diffused redness of the skin about back of neck and ears; bowel excretion normal. The sow gave birth to another litter (10) about the loth September 1896. Both sow and young were inspected on 3rd October 1896 and appeared healthy. No other swine on premises. CASE C.-A sow and a hog were bought by A., from some person unknown, at a fair in the month of May 1896. A. had also bought a sow a month earlier from B. The first-mentioned sow became sick on the 4th September 1896 and died on the 7th. While sick the following symptoms were noticed :"Complete loss of appetite, great difficulty in breathing, moaning, and livid discoloration along abdomen, around neck, and along ears." The viscera were sent to Dublin for post-mortem examination. Result, " Not swine fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent to Professor M'Fadyean, who found swine-erysipelas bacilli. Departmental inspector visited A.'s premises on the 8th October 1896, and found the hog and the remaining sow apparently in health. Also visited B.'s premises, and found three pigs of the same brood as A.'s other sow; also their dam and three bonhams. All these appeared to be in health. CASE D.-The owner in this case purchased two swine (a hog and a sow) in April 1896. No other swine on premises then, or since. These two swine remained in apparent good health up to about the 29th September 1896, when one of them (the hog) became ill, and was reported to the police on the 3rd October 1896 as supposed to be suffering from swine fever. Symptoms were :-Loss of appetite, ears purple coloured, purple patches on body, coughing, breathing rapidly, straggling gait, and weakness of the hind extremity. The pig was slaughtered on the 7th October 1896, and viscera sent up for post-mortem examination. Result," Not swine fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve. and, on being sent to Professor M'Fadyean, was found to contain swine-erysipelas bacilli. The remaining sow had not been ill at any time while on the premises, and was sold at a fair on the 1st October 1896 (apparently for slaughter). CASE E.-A pig jobber purchased three swine at a fair on the 3rd July 1896; seller unknown. These animals were sold on the same dayOne to A.; one to B.; one to some person unknown.
REPORT.
The pig referred to as sold to A. appeared healthy for about a week, when it ~ot drowsy and lost its appetite for a few days. It then got better again and ate fairly well, but did not seem to thrive. The owner noticed it again ill on or about the 4th September 1896, with its sides panting and its ears becoming bluish-red in colour; it lay still in the sty. Next day he found it dead, with further discoloration around the neck. The viscera were forwarded to Dublin for post-mortem examination. Result, "Not swine· fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent to Professor M'Fadyean, who found therein swine-erysipelas bacilli. The pig referred to as sold to B. showed no signs of any ailment. The owner fattened it, and sold it to a dealer. There are no swine now remaining on A.'s premises. , CASE F.-The owner of the pig connected with this case bought the animal (a hog) at a fair in the month of June 1896, from someone unknown to hini. The hog showed signs of sickness about a fortnight previous to the report being made (the 1St September 1896), and exhibited the following symptoms:The appetite became impaired, and finally was lost. There was a slight discharge from the eyes, and the breathing was short and hurried. The ears became pendulous, and the animal was observed to cough frequently. Our inspector was assured that there was no discoloration apparent until after death, which occurred on the 5th September 1896. ' The'viscera were found free from swine fever, but the heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being forwarded to Professor M'Fadyean, he' found swine-erysipelas bacilli t h e r e i n . " This was the only pig the owner possessed, but there were two other swiI}e in adjoining styes which frequently came in contact with it. One was bought in a fair in March 1896, and the other in July 1896, both from persons unknown. These two swine were inspected on the 7th October 1896, and they were apparently in health, one of them being nearly fat. CASE G.-Six swine were sold on or about the 1st April 1896. Four were bought by A.; two were bought by B. A. fattened and sold these four in a fair about the 7th July 1896. He informed our inspector that they were never at any time ill, and always took their food. B. stated that her purchases were good feeders but bad thrivers, and in consequence she sold them on the 1st August 1896 to C. They also thrived very badly with c., and finally one was found dead on the 9th September 189 6 . Our inspector could get no history as to any illness prior to its death, the attendant stating that they were never sick. The heart of this pig showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent to Professor M 'Fadyean. He found swine-erysipelas bacilli. .' One hog remained on c.'s premises. It was inspected On the 12th September and 5th October 1896, and found to all appearances healthy. CASE J.-The pig (a sow) connected with this case was bought about June 1895 with a companion sucker. The companion was kept until fat and then sold some six months later. The so.w had nine bonhams on the 13th June 1896. Seven gf these were sold in August; purchaser not trJced; the other two (hogs) are now' on owner's pre~ises, and when inspected by a departmental inspector on the 2nd October 1896 seemed healthy. '
REPORT.
About the 5th September 1896, the sow was noticed ailing, and she died on the 8th of same month. The symptoms observed were:"Disinclination to move, refused to take food, constipation, skin became red at back of ears." Result of post-mortem examination, "Not swine fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent to Professor 1\1 'Fadyean, who found swine-erysipelas bacilli. CASE L.-Two swine (a hog and a sow) were purchased about loth April 1896 by A. from B., who live in adjoining houses. , Early in August 1896, A. observed the two swine "refuse to feed for a few days." The sow continued slightly cramped in the hind limbs, and became sick again about 1st September 1896. On 3th September 1896, A. reported this animal to the police as suspected of being affected with swine fever, and on IIth September 1896 the depart'mental veterinary inspector visited the premises and had her slaughtered. The symptoms he observed were :-Difficult breathing, fits of coughing, as if trying to expel some foreign body from trachea and larynx; salivation and champing of jaws; weakness of limbs, particularly the hind ones; and, when not walking, resting on the quarters like a dog; pallor of skin; and excessive thirst. Temperature I03'f F. The viscera were sent up to Dublin for examination, and were found free from swine fever, but the heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being forwarded to Professor M'Fadyean he reported having found the bacilli of swine erysipelas. The veterinary inspector revisited on 9th October 1896. reported the remaining pig (the hog) as having become affected in the legs, and walking with difficulty, sitting on quarterl/.,Jike a dog, but otherwise apparently healthy. This animal was slaughtered on . 20th October 1896, but the viscera (including the heart) were healthy. The swine belonging to B. were inspected on 9th October 1896, and they were reported healthy. . CASE M.-Three swine were bought in a fair on the 19th July 1896, from a pig dealer, who had himself bought them the day before from a farmer at another fair. The three swine were of the samlC' litter, and were bought as follows : , Two (a hog and a sow) by A.; one (a hog) by B. A. and B. kept their swine in adjoining yards; the former had only the two mentioned, and the latter has two others (sows). , . Four days after their purchase A.'s (two) swine went off their feed, appeared dull, and a diffuse rash came out all over the body, but most marked on the abdomen, perineum, thighs, and roots of ears. This rash disappeared in two days after the attack, and the pigs began to feed again, but became lame or crippled and moved with difficulty. Nothing more was noticed (with the exception of the lameness, which continued) until the 3rd September 1896. On that date the sow, on being let out for a run, fell clown, frothed at the mouth, breathed heavily. but after a time got better. It refused food, however, was inclined to lie, and when the owner tried to raise it on its feet it uttered painful grunts. On the 9th September 1896 it was found dead in the sty. . , Viscera were "Not swine fever" on post-mortem examination, but heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being forwarded was found by Professor M'Fadyean to contain the bacilli of swine erysipelas. , The departmental veterinary inspector at the time of his visit, 9th October
REPORT.
1896, found A.'s remaining pig lame in both hind legs, and swollen from the hocks downwards, but otherwise it appeared in good health. Age about eight months, weight 10 stone. The hog belonging to B. (of the same litter as A.'s) was also lame in both hind legs, and much smaller than the other two swine on B.'s premises, though of the same age, and getting similar feeding. The inspector was instructed to have these two slaughtered, and the viscera forwarded for post-mortem examination. This was done (20th October 1896). The post-mortem examination showed that both sets of viscera were healthy. CASE Q.-Nine swine were bought by a dealer in a country fair on the 21st July 1896, from a seller unknown. Four of these were sold (22nd July 1896) to a city swine keeper, one of the four being the pig directly connected with this case. This pig was noticed drowsy on the morning of the 21st September 1896, and refused to eat its food. Discoloration of the skin was not noticed. It died that night. Viscera did not show swine fever. The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being sent to Professor M'Fadyean he found swine-erysipelas bacilli therein. The three other swine (stores, about five months old) did not show any sickness since they were purchased. The pig that died was apparently in health until 21st September 1896. CASE R.-A pig dealer bought twenty-four pigs at a fair early in June 1896, and subsequently disposed of them as follows :Twelve to persons unknown, sold the same day in the fair; ten taken to a fair a few days later, six of these were sold to persons unknown, and four to A. ; two to B. on the 7th June 1896. It was not possible to state definitely from whom the two sold to B. were purchased at the fair, as the twenty-four were obtained from three different sellers and mixed. These two swine were the first lot kept by B., and there were not any swine kept in the immediate neighbourhood of his premises since these swine were bought. On IIth August 1896 B. reported the two swine (one hog, one sow) to the police as affected with swine fever. The symptoms were described as "purple blotches through them, and refusing to eat." The hog died, and its viscera were forwarded to the department for post-mortem examination. Result, "Not swine-fever." The inspector to the Local Authority reported the other ill. He described the symptoms as "off feed, poor, blotches over body, temperature lOs" F." The departmental inspector visited on 21st August 1896, and inspected the remaining sow, which he considered healthy. The animal improved considerably up to 20th September 1896, when it again showed symptoms of disease, but in a less aggravated form than before. On the 22nd September 1896 the owner reported the sow again; same symptoms as given above. The local authority inspector visited and slaughtered it. He described its symptoms as "animal very dejected; accelerated breathing; large purple patches over body, particularly at the back of the ears and shoulder." He also observed desquamation of· the cuticle and loss of hair on the places where the purple patches had been. The viscera were sent to the department. Result of post-mortem examination It'Not swine-fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was forwarded o Professor M'Fadyean, who found swine-erysipelas bacilli therein.
REPORT.
18 5
A departmental inspector visited A.' s premises on 26th September 1896, inspected the four swine, which he declared healthy. From inquiries they would appear to have been healthy since purchase. CASE S.-The pig in this case was bred upon the owner's premises and was nine or ten months old. It was reported to the police on 22nd S~ptember 1896 as suspected of being affected with swine fever. The first symptoms of sickness were observed the preceding evening, 21st September 1896. They were as follows :"High temperature, viz., 104'5° F., cramped legs, red skin in spots, almost unable to walk, loss of appetite, extreme prostration, loss of flesh, isolation on part of the animal, skin very hot on abdomen, vesication." Another was reported as similarly affected. This animal was slaughtered by inspector to Local Authority on 23rd September 1896, and viscera sent to department for post-mortem examination. Result, "Not swine-fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent to Professor M'Fadyean, who found swine·erysipelas bacilli. A departmental veterinary inspector visited the premises on 29th September 1896, and found thereon: One brood sow and six bonhans. Seven stores. Five fat pigs. The five last mentioned were of the same litter as the pig slaughtered on 23rd September 1896, and the other reported ill was also one of this lot. The inspector reported that this was showing decided symptoms of sickness, as follows: "When made to move it emitted cries of pain, there was considerable stiffness in the legs, particularly the hind legs. The head was allowed to hang down, the ears being pendulous. Appetite very irregular, animal losing condition." This pig was slaughtered on 8th October 1896, and on the viscera (with heart) being examined they were found healthy. The seven stores above referred to were brought on to the premises about two months before the inspector's visit (on 29th September 1896). They were apparently in health, and he was informed that none of them had shown any sign of illness since their purchase. The sow had been sent some distance for service about five months previously. Four swine had been sold fat about three months before. No other movements of swine for a very considerable period. CASE T.- The pig in this case (a hog) was bred by A., and sold at a fair to B. in May 1896. The following were also sold by A. the same day:One to c.; one to D. The breeder referred to (A.) stated that this hog had not shown any signs of illness up to date of its sale. After coming into B.'s possession, it kept in apparent good health up to the 24th July 1896, when it became ill, and was reported to the police on the 27th July 1896. The symptoms then were:Dulness, not feeding, thirst, continuMly lying on its litter in the sty, and showing disinclination to move." It recovered in four or five days. Was inspected by an departmental veterinary inspector on 30th July 1896, who found it "free from swine fever." About the IIth September 1896 it became ill again, but was not reported to the police until the 22nd September 1896. It was slaughtered on the 24th September 1896, and viscera sent up for post-mortem examination. Result, ., Not swine-fever;" but there were vegetations on the mitral valve of the heart, and on that organ being forwarded to Professor M'Fadyean, he found swine-erysipelas bacilli.
186
REPORT.
The symptoms observed during the animal's second illness, were : "Loss of appetite, cough, rapid and difficult breathing, ears purplecoloured, diffuse purple patches on the body, principally along the abdomen, on the shoulders and neck, weakness of the hind extremity, with straggling gait." B. had had no other swine than this hog on his premises for more than two years. The two swine sold to C. and D. were inspected on the loth October 189:6, and found healthy. A. '5 premises were visited on same date. and the swine thereon were also found in health. A. informed our inspector that he never had any sickness among his pigs. CASE D.-The pig (a hog) connected with this case (together with a sow) was purchased at a market on the 6th January 1896. At this time the owner did not keep any other swine, and none were brought on to his premises since. , The hog was noticed to be ill on the night of the 19th September 1896. Symptoms presented were : " Animal was not feeding; then it turned red at back of neck, and was disinclined to move, and weak behind." It died on the morning of the 22nd September 1896, and viscera were forwarded to Dublin for post-mortem examination. Result, "Not swine-fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent on to Professor M 'Fad yean, who found the bacilli of swine erysipelas. . The remaining sow was inspected on the 6th October 1896 by a departmental inspector, who reported that the animal seemed healthy. CASE V.-Six swine were sold at a fair on the 19th August 1896, as follows : Four to a person living in the neighbourhood of the fair, who, however, could not be traced. One to A.; one to B. These were about four months old when purchased. The pig (a hog) purchased by A. did not show any signs of illness until the 18th September 1896. It was then taken suddenly ill, in fact it was let out of the sty in the morning, and galloped down the field, but on returning it fell down before regaining the sty. From that time until the date of its slaughter, 23rd September 1896, it would not feed properly, but was kept alive on a little gruel. Slight discoloration at roots of ears and quickened respiration were also noticed by owner, but there was no rash seen since the pig was purchased. The hog was slaughtered by veterinary inspector to Local Authority on the 23rd September 1896, and viscera forwarded for post-mortem examination_ Result, "Not swine-fever." The heart showed vegeta~ions' on the mitral yalve, and was sent on to Professor M'Fadyean, wh.o found swine-erysipelas bacilli. The local inspector described the symptoms as follows : , "Staggering gait, slight discoloration at roots of ears, which may have been due to lifting pig by those organs; back arched; breathing hurried; pendulous abdomen; knuckling over on hind fetlocks; animal weak and depressed, but no evidence of pain." B.'s pig (a sow) was visited by departmental veterinary inspector on 7th October 1896, and found in health. He was informed that she had not been unwell since time of purchase. CASE W.-Two swine (a hog and sow) were purchased from a dealer, who had bought them from some one unknown. Seven weeks later, the 27th September 1896, the owner reported the sow to the police as affected with swine fever. These two were the only swine kept.
REPORT.
Three or four days before report the pig was noticed off her feed and lazy; these symptoms gradually became more marked, until she refused to eat and would only take liquids. She lay persistently, but could walk when roused. No knuckling over on fetlocks, but evidently great weakness. Constipation marked, but relieved after a time by physic. Urine darker and denser than nor.mal. The ears and hind quarters became of a scarlet and purple hue. The sow was slaughtered on 28th September 1896, and viscera sent to department for post-mortem examination. Result," Not swine fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being sent on to Professor M'Fadyean was found to contain the bacilli of swine erysipelas. The hog showed no symptoms of sickness, and was apparently healthy and in fair condition at the time of the departmental inspector's visit, the 13th October 1896
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REPORT.
!tporf. CLINICAL HISTORY OF CASES OF SWINE ERYSIPELAS
l
(ENDOCARDITIS).
CASE A.-In April 1896 a brood sow in young was bought by A., and a fortnight later she farrowed seven. Nine weeks later the bonhams were sold as follows:One to B.; two to c.; two to D.; and two to someone unknown. The brood sow was subsequently sold fat. A. had no swine then remaining. On or about the 20th August 1896 B.'s pig (a store sow) appeared to be suffering from a cold; and on the 27th August 1896 it developed violent symptoms of sickness, and was reported on that date as affected with swine fever. The symptoms were described to the police as "refusing food." B. had two other swine (a sow and a hog) on his premises at that time, bought four months before. The departmental veterinary inspector visited on the 29th August 1896; described the symptoms presented by the reported sow as follows : " Very much discoloured, the whole back and sides being of a livid blue colour. When made to move, the animal emitted great cries of pain. Temperature 104f F." This sow was slaughtered, and viscera sent to department for post-mortelll examination. The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being sent to Professor M'Fadyean he reported having found numerous swineerysipelas bacilli therein. Veterinary inspector revisited on the 9th September 1896, but could not detect any appearances of ill-health among B.'s remaining two swine. On the 17th September 1896 visited the premises of C. and D. with the following result: C. had sold the two swine referred to "fat" three weeks previously. The two bought by D. were still on his premises, and were found to all appearances healthy and thriving well. On the same date, 17th September 1896, the premises of B. were again visited. The hog was found in good condition, and apparently in good health, temperature 102~r F., but the sow was not putting on condition, temperature 103}" F. It was also observed that" the tail was hanging down Emp like the lash of a whip." This last-mentioned animal was slaughtered on the 23rd September 1896, and the viscera forwarded for examination. Heart and viscera were examined and found free from disease. CASE B.-About the middle of February 1896 a sow, about eight weeks in young, was purchased at a fair, and brought on to premises on which there were already four store swine. (These latter were sold fat about May.) On or about 12th April 1896 the sow gave birth to seven young; four died shortly after birth-some at least having been killed by the sow. The three remaining (stores) on being weaned were housed in a sty and not allowed out afterwards. On the 26th August 1896, midday, the owner, noticed that the stores had 1 From the Second Report of the Departmental Committee appointed by the Board of Agriculture to inquire into the Etiology, Pathology, and Morbid Anatomy of the Diseases classed as Swine Fever, 1897. Eyre & Spottiswoode, London.
REPORT.
181
not eaten their usual quantity of food. One of them was breathing heavily (abdominal), and had a slight redness over back of neck and back of ears. This animal was found dead in the afternoon. On the 30th August 1896, the remaining two were noticed ill in a similar way, and were reported on same date. One was slaughtered on the 31st Result," Not August 1896, the other on the I I th September 1896. swine fever," but as the hearts showed vegetation on the mitral valves, they were sent to Professor M'Fadyean, who found swine-erysipelas bacilli in both cases. The symptoms presented by the above three stores were similar, and as follows :-Off feeding; disinclined to move about; redness of skin. The animal referred to above as having been slaughtered on the 11th September 1896 was at the time of the inspector's visit (same date) considered by the owner to be getting better, as it had returned to its feeding. The inspector found it not inclined to move much; breathing hurried and laboured; a diffused redness of the skin about back of neck and ears; bowel excretion normal. The sow gave birth to another litter (10) about the loth September 1896. Both sow and young were inspected on 3rd October 1896 and appeared healthy. No other swine on premises. CASE C.-A sow and a hog were bought by A., from some person unknown, at a fair in the month of May 1896. A. had also bought a sow a month earlier from B. The first-mentioned sow became sick on the 4th September 1896 and died on the 7th. While sick the following symptoms were noticed :"Complete loss of appetite, great difficulty in breathing, moaning, and livid discoloration along abdomen, around neck, and along ears." The viscera were sent to Dublin for post-mortem examination. Result, " Not swine fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent to Professor M'Fadyean, who found swine-erysipelas bacilli. Departmental inspector visited A.'s premises on the 8th October 1896, and found the hog and the remaining sow apparently in health. Also visited B.'s premises, and found three pigs of the same brood as A.'s other sow; also their dam and three bonhams. All these appeared to be in health. CASE D.-The owner in this case purchased two swine (a hog and a sow) in April 1896. No other swine on premises then, or since. These two swine remained in apparent good health up to about the 29th September 1896, when one of them (the hog) became ill, and was reported to the police on the 3rd October 1896 as supposed to be suffering from swine fever. Symptoms were :-Loss of appetite, ears purple coloured, purple patches on body, coughing, breathing rapidly, straggling gait, and weakness of the hind extremity. The pig was slaughtered on the 7th October 1896, and viscera sent up for post-mortem examination. Result," Not swine fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve. and, on being sent to Professor M'Fadyean, was found to contain swine-erysipelas bacilli. The remaining sow had not been ill at any time while on the premises, and was sold at a fair on the 1st October 1896 (apparently for slaughter). CASE E.-A pig jobber purchased three swine at a fair on the 3rd July 1896; seller unknown. These animals were sold on the same dayOne to A.; one to B.; one to some person unknown.
REPORT.
The pig referred to as sold to A. appeared healthy for about a week, when it ~ot drowsy and lost its appetite for a few days. It then got better again and ate fairly well, but did not seem to thrive. The owner noticed it again ill on or about the 4th September 1896, with its sides panting and its ears becoming bluish-red in colour; it lay still in the sty. Next day he found it dead, with further discoloration around the neck. The viscera were forwarded to Dublin for post-mortem examination. Result, "Not swine· fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent to Professor M'Fadyean, who found therein swine-erysipelas bacilli. The pig referred to as sold to B. showed no signs of any ailment. The owner fattened it, and sold it to a dealer. There are no swine now remaining on A.'s premises. , CASE F.-The owner of the pig connected with this case bought the animal (a hog) at a fair in the month of June 1896, from someone unknown to hini. The hog showed signs of sickness about a fortnight previous to the report being made (the 1St September 1896), and exhibited the following symptoms:The appetite became impaired, and finally was lost. There was a slight discharge from the eyes, and the breathing was short and hurried. The ears became pendulous, and the animal was observed to cough frequently. Our inspector was assured that there was no discoloration apparent until after death, which occurred on the 5th September 1896. ' The'viscera were found free from swine fever, but the heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being forwarded to Professor M'Fadyean, he' found swine-erysipelas bacilli t h e r e i n . " This was the only pig the owner possessed, but there were two other swiI}e in adjoining styes which frequently came in contact with it. One was bought in a fair in March 1896, and the other in July 1896, both from persons unknown. These two swine were inspected on the 7th October 1896, and they were apparently in health, one of them being nearly fat. CASE G.-Six swine were sold on or about the 1st April 1896. Four were bought by A.; two were bought by B. A. fattened and sold these four in a fair about the 7th July 1896. He informed our inspector that they were never at any time ill, and always took their food. B. stated that her purchases were good feeders but bad thrivers, and in consequence she sold them on the 1st August 1896 to C. They also thrived very badly with c., and finally one was found dead on the 9th September 189 6 . Our inspector could get no history as to any illness prior to its death, the attendant stating that they were never sick. The heart of this pig showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent to Professor M 'Fadyean. He found swine-erysipelas bacilli. .' One hog remained on c.'s premises. It was inspected On the 12th September and 5th October 1896, and found to all appearances healthy. CASE J.-The pig (a sow) connected with this case was bought about June 1895 with a companion sucker. The companion was kept until fat and then sold some six months later. The so.w had nine bonhams on the 13th June 1896. Seven gf these were sold in August; purchaser not trJced; the other two (hogs) are now' on owner's pre~ises, and when inspected by a departmental inspector on the 2nd October 1896 seemed healthy. '
REPORT.
About the 5th September 1896, the sow was noticed ailing, and she died on the 8th of same month. The symptoms observed were:"Disinclination to move, refused to take food, constipation, skin became red at back of ears." Result of post-mortem examination, "Not swine fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent to Professor 1\1 'Fadyean, who found swine-erysipelas bacilli. CASE L.-Two swine (a hog and a sow) were purchased about loth April 1896 by A. from B., who live in adjoining houses. , Early in August 1896, A. observed the two swine "refuse to feed for a few days." The sow continued slightly cramped in the hind limbs, and became sick again about 1st September 1896. On 3th September 1896, A. reported this animal to the police as suspected of being affected with swine fever, and on IIth September 1896 the depart'mental veterinary inspector visited the premises and had her slaughtered. The symptoms he observed were :-Difficult breathing, fits of coughing, as if trying to expel some foreign body from trachea and larynx; salivation and champing of jaws; weakness of limbs, particularly the hind ones; and, when not walking, resting on the quarters like a dog; pallor of skin; and excessive thirst. Temperature I03'f F. The viscera were sent up to Dublin for examination, and were found free from swine fever, but the heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being forwarded to Professor M'Fadyean he reported having found the bacilli of swine erysipelas. The veterinary inspector revisited on 9th October 1896. reported the remaining pig (the hog) as having become affected in the legs, and walking with difficulty, sitting on quarterl/.,Jike a dog, but otherwise apparently healthy. This animal was slaughtered on . 20th October 1896, but the viscera (including the heart) were healthy. The swine belonging to B. were inspected on 9th October 1896, and they were reported healthy. . CASE M.-Three swine were bought in a fair on the 19th July 1896, from a pig dealer, who had himself bought them the day before from a farmer at another fair. The three swine were of the samlC' litter, and were bought as follows : , Two (a hog and a sow) by A.; one (a hog) by B. A. and B. kept their swine in adjoining yards; the former had only the two mentioned, and the latter has two others (sows). , . Four days after their purchase A.'s (two) swine went off their feed, appeared dull, and a diffuse rash came out all over the body, but most marked on the abdomen, perineum, thighs, and roots of ears. This rash disappeared in two days after the attack, and the pigs began to feed again, but became lame or crippled and moved with difficulty. Nothing more was noticed (with the exception of the lameness, which continued) until the 3rd September 1896. On that date the sow, on being let out for a run, fell clown, frothed at the mouth, breathed heavily. but after a time got better. It refused food, however, was inclined to lie, and when the owner tried to raise it on its feet it uttered painful grunts. On the 9th September 1896 it was found dead in the sty. . , Viscera were "Not swine fever" on post-mortem examination, but heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being forwarded was found by Professor M'Fadyean to contain the bacilli of swine erysipelas. , The departmental veterinary inspector at the time of his visit, 9th October
REPORT.
1896, found A.'s remaining pig lame in both hind legs, and swollen from the hocks downwards, but otherwise it appeared in good health. Age about eight months, weight 10 stone. The hog belonging to B. (of the same litter as A.'s) was also lame in both hind legs, and much smaller than the other two swine on B.'s premises, though of the same age, and getting similar feeding. The inspector was instructed to have these two slaughtered, and the viscera forwarded for post-mortem examination. This was done (20th October 1896). The post-mortem examination showed that both sets of viscera were healthy. CASE Q.-Nine swine were bought by a dealer in a country fair on the 21st July 1896, from a seller unknown. Four of these were sold (22nd July 1896) to a city swine keeper, one of the four being the pig directly connected with this case. This pig was noticed drowsy on the morning of the 21st September 1896, and refused to eat its food. Discoloration of the skin was not noticed. It died that night. Viscera did not show swine fever. The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being sent to Professor M'Fadyean he found swine-erysipelas bacilli therein. The three other swine (stores, about five months old) did not show any sickness since they were purchased. The pig that died was apparently in health until 21st September 1896. CASE R.-A pig dealer bought twenty-four pigs at a fair early in June 1896, and subsequently disposed of them as follows :Twelve to persons unknown, sold the same day in the fair; ten taken to a fair a few days later, six of these were sold to persons unknown, and four to A. ; two to B. on the 7th June 1896. It was not possible to state definitely from whom the two sold to B. were purchased at the fair, as the twenty-four were obtained from three different sellers and mixed. These two swine were the first lot kept by B., and there were not any swine kept in the immediate neighbourhood of his premises since these swine were bought. On IIth August 1896 B. reported the two swine (one hog, one sow) to the police as affected with swine fever. The symptoms were described as "purple blotches through them, and refusing to eat." The hog died, and its viscera were forwarded to the department for post-mortem examination. Result, "Not swine-fever." The inspector to the Local Authority reported the other ill. He described the symptoms as "off feed, poor, blotches over body, temperature lOs" F." The departmental inspector visited on 21st August 1896, and inspected the remaining sow, which he considered healthy. The animal improved considerably up to 20th September 1896, when it again showed symptoms of disease, but in a less aggravated form than before. On the 22nd September 1896 the owner reported the sow again; same symptoms as given above. The local authority inspector visited and slaughtered it. He described its symptoms as "animal very dejected; accelerated breathing; large purple patches over body, particularly at the back of the ears and shoulder." He also observed desquamation of· the cuticle and loss of hair on the places where the purple patches had been. The viscera were sent to the department. Result of post-mortem examination It'Not swine-fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was forwarded o Professor M'Fadyean, who found swine-erysipelas bacilli therein.
REPORT.
18 5
A departmental inspector visited A.' s premises on 26th September 1896, inspected the four swine, which he declared healthy. From inquiries they would appear to have been healthy since purchase. CASE S.-The pig in this case was bred upon the owner's premises and was nine or ten months old. It was reported to the police on 22nd S~ptember 1896 as suspected of being affected with swine fever. The first symptoms of sickness were observed the preceding evening, 21st September 1896. They were as follows :"High temperature, viz., 104'5° F., cramped legs, red skin in spots, almost unable to walk, loss of appetite, extreme prostration, loss of flesh, isolation on part of the animal, skin very hot on abdomen, vesication." Another was reported as similarly affected. This animal was slaughtered by inspector to Local Authority on 23rd September 1896, and viscera sent to department for post-mortem examination. Result, "Not swine-fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent to Professor M'Fadyean, who found swine·erysipelas bacilli. A departmental veterinary inspector visited the premises on 29th September 1896, and found thereon: One brood sow and six bonhans. Seven stores. Five fat pigs. The five last mentioned were of the same litter as the pig slaughtered on 23rd September 1896, and the other reported ill was also one of this lot. The inspector reported that this was showing decided symptoms of sickness, as follows: "When made to move it emitted cries of pain, there was considerable stiffness in the legs, particularly the hind legs. The head was allowed to hang down, the ears being pendulous. Appetite very irregular, animal losing condition." This pig was slaughtered on 8th October 1896, and on the viscera (with heart) being examined they were found healthy. The seven stores above referred to were brought on to the premises about two months before the inspector's visit (on 29th September 1896). They were apparently in health, and he was informed that none of them had shown any sign of illness since their purchase. The sow had been sent some distance for service about five months previously. Four swine had been sold fat about three months before. No other movements of swine for a very considerable period. CASE T.- The pig in this case (a hog) was bred by A., and sold at a fair to B. in May 1896. The following were also sold by A. the same day:One to c.; one to D. The breeder referred to (A.) stated that this hog had not shown any signs of illness up to date of its sale. After coming into B.'s possession, it kept in apparent good health up to the 24th July 1896, when it became ill, and was reported to the police on the 27th July 1896. The symptoms then were:Dulness, not feeding, thirst, continuMly lying on its litter in the sty, and showing disinclination to move." It recovered in four or five days. Was inspected by an departmental veterinary inspector on 30th July 1896, who found it "free from swine fever." About the IIth September 1896 it became ill again, but was not reported to the police until the 22nd September 1896. It was slaughtered on the 24th September 1896, and viscera sent up for post-mortem examination. Result, ., Not swine-fever;" but there were vegetations on the mitral valve of the heart, and on that organ being forwarded to Professor M'Fadyean, he found swine-erysipelas bacilli.
186
REPORT.
The symptoms observed during the animal's second illness, were : "Loss of appetite, cough, rapid and difficult breathing, ears purplecoloured, diffuse purple patches on the body, principally along the abdomen, on the shoulders and neck, weakness of the hind extremity, with straggling gait." B. had had no other swine than this hog on his premises for more than two years. The two swine sold to C. and D. were inspected on the loth October 189:6, and found healthy. A. '5 premises were visited on same date. and the swine thereon were also found in health. A. informed our inspector that he never had any sickness among his pigs. CASE D.-The pig (a hog) connected with this case (together with a sow) was purchased at a market on the 6th January 1896. At this time the owner did not keep any other swine, and none were brought on to his premises since. , The hog was noticed to be ill on the night of the 19th September 1896. Symptoms presented were : " Animal was not feeding; then it turned red at back of neck, and was disinclined to move, and weak behind." It died on the morning of the 22nd September 1896, and viscera were forwarded to Dublin for post-mortem examination. Result, "Not swine-fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and was sent on to Professor M 'Fad yean, who found the bacilli of swine erysipelas. . The remaining sow was inspected on the 6th October 1896 by a departmental inspector, who reported that the animal seemed healthy. CASE V.-Six swine were sold at a fair on the 19th August 1896, as follows : Four to a person living in the neighbourhood of the fair, who, however, could not be traced. One to A.; one to B. These were about four months old when purchased. The pig (a hog) purchased by A. did not show any signs of illness until the 18th September 1896. It was then taken suddenly ill, in fact it was let out of the sty in the morning, and galloped down the field, but on returning it fell down before regaining the sty. From that time until the date of its slaughter, 23rd September 1896, it would not feed properly, but was kept alive on a little gruel. Slight discoloration at roots of ears and quickened respiration were also noticed by owner, but there was no rash seen since the pig was purchased. The hog was slaughtered by veterinary inspector to Local Authority on the 23rd September 1896, and viscera forwarded for post-mortem examination_ Result, "Not swine-fever." The heart showed vegeta~ions' on the mitral yalve, and was sent on to Professor M'Fadyean, wh.o found swine-erysipelas bacilli. The local inspector described the symptoms as follows : , "Staggering gait, slight discoloration at roots of ears, which may have been due to lifting pig by those organs; back arched; breathing hurried; pendulous abdomen; knuckling over on hind fetlocks; animal weak and depressed, but no evidence of pain." B.'s pig (a sow) was visited by departmental veterinary inspector on 7th October 1896, and found in health. He was informed that she had not been unwell since time of purchase. CASE W.-Two swine (a hog and sow) were purchased from a dealer, who had bought them from some one unknown. Seven weeks later, the 27th September 1896, the owner reported the sow to the police as affected with swine fever. These two were the only swine kept.
REPORT.
Three or four days before report the pig was noticed off her feed and lazy; these symptoms gradually became more marked, until she refused to eat and would only take liquids. She lay persistently, but could walk when roused. No knuckling over on fetlocks, but evidently great weakness. Constipation marked, but relieved after a time by physic. Urine darker and denser than nor.mal. The ears and hind quarters became of a scarlet and purple hue. The sow was slaughtered on 28th September 1896, and viscera sent to department for post-mortem examination. Result," Not swine fever." The heart showed vegetations on the mitral valve, and on being sent on to Professor M'Fadyean was found to contain the bacilli of swine erysipelas. The hog showed no symptoms of sickness, and was apparently healthy and in fair condition at the time of the departmental inspector's visit, the 13th October 1896
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