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Clinical restorative materials and techniques
J. Dent 1990; 18: No. 3
146
Although one should beware of drawing conclusions from in vitro studies and applying them clinically at this stage, it is not recommended that the amalgam/cermet technique be used in tivo. The technique was both difficult to use and time consuming as it involved the rapid mixing and placement of two materials. The results obtained indicated that there was no benefit in using the technique over placing amalgam with cavity varnish. The use of light cured glass ionomer and amalgam does, however, appear promising.
Acknowledgements The authors’ thanks are extended to Mr Victor Hawkins of the Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds for constructing the programme for the image analysis; to Mr David Hawkridge of the Department of Dental Photography, University of Leeds for provision of transparencies and Mr Ian Smith of the Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Leeds for aid in the preparation of specimens.
References Baldwin H. (1897) Cement and amalgam fillings (combination). Br. Dent Assoc. J. XVIII, 255-257. Bauer J. G. and Henson J. L. (1985) Microleakage of direct filling materials in class V restorations using thermal cycling. Quintessence In t. 16, 765-769.
Ben-Amar A., Liberman R., Bar D. et al. (1986) Marginal microleakage: the effect of the number of cavity varnish layers and type of amalgam used. Dent. Mater. 2,45-47. Chohayeb A, Eichmiller F.. Rupp N. et al. (1989) Microleakage comparison of dentin bonding systems with glass ionomer. .Z.Dent. Res. 68, (Abstr. 1037) 996. De&son G. D., Pashley D. H. and Derkson M. (1986) Microleakage measurement of selected restorative materials: a new in vitro method. .Z Prosthet. Dent. 56,435-440. Fayyad M. A. and Shortall A C. (1987) Microleakage of dentine bonded posterior composite restorations. J. Dent. 15, 67-72. Fayyad M. A and Shortall A C. (1989) Marginal seal of injection molded ceramic crowns cemented with three adhesive systems. J. Prosthet. Dent. 61, 24-27. Glyn Jones J. C., Grieve A. R. and Kidd E. A. M. (1978) An in vitro comparison of marginal leakage associated with three resin based filling materials. Br. Dent. .Z. 145, 299-302. Glyn Jones J. C., Grieve k R. and Youngson C. C. (1988) Marginal leakage associated with three posterior restorative materials. .Z.Dent. 16, 130-134. Hembree J. (1986) in vitro microleakage of a new dental adhesive system. J. Prosthet. Dent. 55, 442-443. Hembree J. (1989) Microleakage at the gingival margin of Class II composite restorations with glass ionomer liner. J. Prosthet. Dent. 61, 28-30. Kidd E. A. M. (1976) Microleakage: a review. J. Dent. 4, 199-206. Mixson J., Eick J., McMillen S. et al. (1989) In vitro microleakage of four bonding agents. .Z Dent. Res. 68, (Abstr. 1035) 996. Shortall A C. (1982) Microleakage, marginal adaptation and composite resin restorations. Br. Dent. J. 153, 223-227. Staninec M. and Holt M. (1988) Bonding of amalgam to tooth structure; tensile adhesion and microleakage tests. Z.
Prosthet. Dent. 59, 397402.
Book Review Clinical Restorative Materials and Techniques. Karl F. Leinfelder and Jack E. Lemons. Pp. 358. 1988. Beckenham, Lea and Febiger. Softback, f 23.72. This textbook seeks to provide a basic understanding of the properties of dental materials in the context of clinical and laboratory procedures. It is intended for both students and the practising dentist. The text is well written and easy to read but there is little or no information on the latest techniques and materials. The first four chapters deal with the basic restorative filling materials. Amalgam is discussed comprehensively with 2 10 references, but the description of aesthetic restorative materials is not up to date. An important omission is the use of dentine-bonding agents. Posterior composites are included but no mention is made of recent studies of their clinical handling. The information on cements is also outdated. There is no description of the anhydrous form of polycarboxylate cements and the section on glass ionomers is woefully brief. The resin cements do not include the chemically active materials, little is mentioned on calcium hydroxide-based cements, and nothing at all on endodontic cements. Of the 99 references, only four concern work done in the 1980s.
The use of gold is well covered, however, as is the chapter on base alloys. The section on implants is short with no discussion on the principle of osteointegration. After impression materials and finishing and polishing this part of the book concludes with the clinical evaluation of restorative materials. The second half of the book describes in detail the laboratory materials, with an insight into their physical and mechanical properties. The chapter on porcelain lacks information on veneering techniques and is slanted too much towards the bonded restoration. The role of dental polymers in denture base construction is discussed but there is nothing about their use in temporary crown construction. The final chapter provides a succinct review of physical metallurgy. The standard of presentation is good with informative black and white photographs, excellent scanning electron micrographs and clear line diagrams. There are a number of typographical errors associated especially with certain chemicals and chemical reactions. It is a pity that the text is not more up to date but otherwise the authors do provide an adequate grounding for the study of dental materials science. W. P. Saunders
146
Although one should beware of drawing conclusions from in vitro studies and applying them clinically at this stage, it is not recommended that the amalgam/cermet technique be used in tivo. The technique was both difficult to use and time consuming as it involved the rapid mixing and placement of two materials. The results obtained indicated that there was no benefit in using the technique over placing amalgam with cavity varnish. The use of light cured glass ionomer and amalgam does, however, appear promising.
Acknowledgements The authors’ thanks are extended to Mr Victor Hawkins of the Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds for constructing the programme for the image analysis; to Mr David Hawkridge of the Department of Dental Photography, University of Leeds for provision of transparencies and Mr Ian Smith of the Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Leeds for aid in the preparation of specimens.
References Baldwin H. (1897) Cement and amalgam fillings (combination). Br. Dent Assoc. J. XVIII, 255-257. Bauer J. G. and Henson J. L. (1985) Microleakage of direct filling materials in class V restorations using thermal cycling. Quintessence In t. 16, 765-769.
Ben-Amar A., Liberman R., Bar D. et al. (1986) Marginal microleakage: the effect of the number of cavity varnish layers and type of amalgam used. Dent. Mater. 2,45-47. Chohayeb A, Eichmiller F.. Rupp N. et al. (1989) Microleakage comparison of dentin bonding systems with glass ionomer. .Z.Dent. Res. 68, (Abstr. 1037) 996. De&son G. D., Pashley D. H. and Derkson M. (1986) Microleakage measurement of selected restorative materials: a new in vitro method. .Z Prosthet. Dent. 56,435-440. Fayyad M. A. and Shortall A C. (1987) Microleakage of dentine bonded posterior composite restorations. J. Dent. 15, 67-72. Fayyad M. A and Shortall A C. (1989) Marginal seal of injection molded ceramic crowns cemented with three adhesive systems. J. Prosthet. Dent. 61, 24-27. Glyn Jones J. C., Grieve A. R. and Kidd E. A. M. (1978) An in vitro comparison of marginal leakage associated with three resin based filling materials. Br. Dent. .Z. 145, 299-302. Glyn Jones J. C., Grieve k R. and Youngson C. C. (1988) Marginal leakage associated with three posterior restorative materials. .Z.Dent. 16, 130-134. Hembree J. (1986) in vitro microleakage of a new dental adhesive system. J. Prosthet. Dent. 55, 442-443. Hembree J. (1989) Microleakage at the gingival margin of Class II composite restorations with glass ionomer liner. J. Prosthet. Dent. 61, 28-30. Kidd E. A. M. (1976) Microleakage: a review. J. Dent. 4, 199-206. Mixson J., Eick J., McMillen S. et al. (1989) In vitro microleakage of four bonding agents. .Z Dent. Res. 68, (Abstr. 1035) 996. Shortall A C. (1982) Microleakage, marginal adaptation and composite resin restorations. Br. Dent. J. 153, 223-227. Staninec M. and Holt M. (1988) Bonding of amalgam to tooth structure; tensile adhesion and microleakage tests. Z.
Prosthet. Dent. 59, 397402.
Book Review Clinical Restorative Materials and Techniques. Karl F. Leinfelder and Jack E. Lemons. Pp. 358. 1988. Beckenham, Lea and Febiger. Softback, f 23.72. This textbook seeks to provide a basic understanding of the properties of dental materials in the context of clinical and laboratory procedures. It is intended for both students and the practising dentist. The text is well written and easy to read but there is little or no information on the latest techniques and materials. The first four chapters deal with the basic restorative filling materials. Amalgam is discussed comprehensively with 2 10 references, but the description of aesthetic restorative materials is not up to date. An important omission is the use of dentine-bonding agents. Posterior composites are included but no mention is made of recent studies of their clinical handling. The information on cements is also outdated. There is no description of the anhydrous form of polycarboxylate cements and the section on glass ionomers is woefully brief. The resin cements do not include the chemically active materials, little is mentioned on calcium hydroxide-based cements, and nothing at all on endodontic cements. Of the 99 references, only four concern work done in the 1980s.
The use of gold is well covered, however, as is the chapter on base alloys. The section on implants is short with no discussion on the principle of osteointegration. After impression materials and finishing and polishing this part of the book concludes with the clinical evaluation of restorative materials. The second half of the book describes in detail the laboratory materials, with an insight into their physical and mechanical properties. The chapter on porcelain lacks information on veneering techniques and is slanted too much towards the bonded restoration. The role of dental polymers in denture base construction is discussed but there is nothing about their use in temporary crown construction. The final chapter provides a succinct review of physical metallurgy. The standard of presentation is good with informative black and white photographs, excellent scanning electron micrographs and clear line diagrams. There are a number of typographical errors associated especially with certain chemicals and chemical reactions. It is a pity that the text is not more up to date but otherwise the authors do provide an adequate grounding for the study of dental materials science. W. P. Saunders