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Clinicopathological Characteristics of Viral Infection and Phylogenetic Analyses of Viral Genomes in Reptiles in Korea
104
ESVP and ECVP Proceedings 2016
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRAL INFECTION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF VIRAL GENOMES IN REPTILES IN KOREA G.H. Woo Laboratory of Histopathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Republic of Korea Introduction: Twenty-four viral families have been reported in animals. Until recently, 12 of these viral families had been identified in reptiles. Parvoviral, iridoviral, herpesviral, adenoviral and paramyxoviral infections have been most frequently documented in reptiles. Although various types of viruses have been reported from reptiles worldwide, they have not yet been studied and reported in Republic of Korea. Thus, the present study was designed to provide information about the molecular epidemiology and clinicopathological findings of virus infections of reptiles in Republic of Korea. Materials and Methods: In total, 34 reptiles (10 native and 24 exotic animals) were submitted for diagnostic investigation during the last 7 years. All organs were removed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed routinely. Sections were stained with HE. The detection and sequencing of viruses were performed using primer sets specific to each virus. The MEGA 6.0 program was used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Results: Adenoviral genes were detected in a tropical girdled lizard (Cordylus tropidosternum) and a panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis). One paramyxovirus was discovered from the lizard with adenovirus. Retroviral genes were amplified in five Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus). Phylogenetic analyses of paramyxoviruses and retroviruses showed the highest identity to the previous isolates. Partial sequencing results from the adenoviral DNA polymerase gene in the lizard indicated that it was a novel adenovirus, distantly related to a previously known reference strain. Conclusions: Although the infection route could not be identified, this novel adenovirus was isolated from a lizard raised in a pet shop and the lizard was co-infected with a paramyxovirus.
J. Comp. Path. 2017, Vol. 156, 54e141
MUSCULAR SARCOCYSTOSIS IN TURTLES A. Drzewiecka *, E. Kulec-P1oszyca y, E. Terech-Majewska z, K. Naumowicz x, J. Pajdak z and A. Sudo1z *Department of Toxicological Studies, yDepartment of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry Branch Pszczyna, zDepartment of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and xDepartment of Pathophysiology, Forensic of Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Introduction: Sarcocystosis (sarcosporidiosis) is a parasitic disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Sarcocystosis. For complete maturation the parasite requires two hosts. Herbivorous and omnivorous turtles are intermediary hosts that are infected by consuming plants contaminated with the faeces of carnivores. Materials and Methods: A histopathological examination of 453 turtles representing several species including Testudo horsfieldii (Russian tortoise), Testudo hermanni (Hermann’s tortoise), Testudo graeca (spur-thighed tortoise), Testudo marginata (marginated tortoise), Testudo kleinmanni (Egyptian tortoise), Geochelone denticulate (yellowfooted tortoise), Malacochersus tornieri (pancake tortoise), Kinixys belliana (Bell’s hinge-back tortoise), and Psammobates pardalis (leopard tortoise) was conducted. Samples of hindlimb muscle were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed routinely and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, iron haematoxylinepicric acideacid fuchsin (van Gieson’s stain) and periodic acideSchiff. Results: Histopathological examination revealed the presence of oval, round and longitudinal cross-sections of sarcocysts inside the fibres of 149 muscle samples. Cysts were surrounded by a thick wall divided by septae into internal chambers containing crescentic bradyzoites. In some cases muscles with the correct number of fibres in bundles, but reduced thickness, disappearing striations, enlarged nuclei and inflammatory cells were noticed. Conclusions: For some time it was thought that Sarcocystis spp. were not very pathogenic for intermediate hosts. Now it is known that parasites at the schizont stage (parasitaemia) may cause not only clinical signs, but also death of the animal. Sarcocystosis is rarely diagnosed in turtles in vivo because only a few methods are available.
ESVP and ECVP Proceedings 2016
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRAL INFECTION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF VIRAL GENOMES IN REPTILES IN KOREA G.H. Woo Laboratory of Histopathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Republic of Korea Introduction: Twenty-four viral families have been reported in animals. Until recently, 12 of these viral families had been identified in reptiles. Parvoviral, iridoviral, herpesviral, adenoviral and paramyxoviral infections have been most frequently documented in reptiles. Although various types of viruses have been reported from reptiles worldwide, they have not yet been studied and reported in Republic of Korea. Thus, the present study was designed to provide information about the molecular epidemiology and clinicopathological findings of virus infections of reptiles in Republic of Korea. Materials and Methods: In total, 34 reptiles (10 native and 24 exotic animals) were submitted for diagnostic investigation during the last 7 years. All organs were removed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed routinely. Sections were stained with HE. The detection and sequencing of viruses were performed using primer sets specific to each virus. The MEGA 6.0 program was used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Results: Adenoviral genes were detected in a tropical girdled lizard (Cordylus tropidosternum) and a panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis). One paramyxovirus was discovered from the lizard with adenovirus. Retroviral genes were amplified in five Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus). Phylogenetic analyses of paramyxoviruses and retroviruses showed the highest identity to the previous isolates. Partial sequencing results from the adenoviral DNA polymerase gene in the lizard indicated that it was a novel adenovirus, distantly related to a previously known reference strain. Conclusions: Although the infection route could not be identified, this novel adenovirus was isolated from a lizard raised in a pet shop and the lizard was co-infected with a paramyxovirus.
J. Comp. Path. 2017, Vol. 156, 54e141
MUSCULAR SARCOCYSTOSIS IN TURTLES A. Drzewiecka *, E. Kulec-P1oszyca y, E. Terech-Majewska z, K. Naumowicz x, J. Pajdak z and A. Sudo1z *Department of Toxicological Studies, yDepartment of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry Branch Pszczyna, zDepartment of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and xDepartment of Pathophysiology, Forensic of Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Introduction: Sarcocystosis (sarcosporidiosis) is a parasitic disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Sarcocystosis. For complete maturation the parasite requires two hosts. Herbivorous and omnivorous turtles are intermediary hosts that are infected by consuming plants contaminated with the faeces of carnivores. Materials and Methods: A histopathological examination of 453 turtles representing several species including Testudo horsfieldii (Russian tortoise), Testudo hermanni (Hermann’s tortoise), Testudo graeca (spur-thighed tortoise), Testudo marginata (marginated tortoise), Testudo kleinmanni (Egyptian tortoise), Geochelone denticulate (yellowfooted tortoise), Malacochersus tornieri (pancake tortoise), Kinixys belliana (Bell’s hinge-back tortoise), and Psammobates pardalis (leopard tortoise) was conducted. Samples of hindlimb muscle were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed routinely and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, iron haematoxylinepicric acideacid fuchsin (van Gieson’s stain) and periodic acideSchiff. Results: Histopathological examination revealed the presence of oval, round and longitudinal cross-sections of sarcocysts inside the fibres of 149 muscle samples. Cysts were surrounded by a thick wall divided by septae into internal chambers containing crescentic bradyzoites. In some cases muscles with the correct number of fibres in bundles, but reduced thickness, disappearing striations, enlarged nuclei and inflammatory cells were noticed. Conclusions: For some time it was thought that Sarcocystis spp. were not very pathogenic for intermediate hosts. Now it is known that parasites at the schizont stage (parasitaemia) may cause not only clinical signs, but also death of the animal. Sarcocystosis is rarely diagnosed in turtles in vivo because only a few methods are available.