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Clostridium sordellii Myositis and Septicaemia in a Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)
150:1, 2014
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2013
CLOSTRIDIUM SORDELLII MYOSITIS AND SEPTICAEMIA IN A BROWN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS) A. Balseiro *, A. Oleaga y, L. Polledo z, G. Aduriz x, R. Atxaerandio x, N. Cortabarria x and J.F. Garcıa Marınz *SERIDA, Asturias, ySERPA, Asturias, zPathological Anatomy Section, Animal Health Department, University of Leon and xNEIKER Tecnalia, Bizkaia, Spain Introduction: Clostridium sordellii is found in the environment and occasionally in animal and human intestines. This bacterium causes myonecrosis and large outbreaks of enterotoxaemia. There are few case descriptions of fatal clostridial infection in bear species worldwide, none of them being attributed to C. sordellii. Materials and Methods: An adult male brown bear was trapped in an illegal trap by the left front paw. The animal showed depression and died. At necropsy examination, samples were taken from different organs for histopathology, bacteriological and molecular studies (PCR). Results: Acute gangrenous myositis was the main lesion. Haemorrhages were also observed in the heart, stomach, intestine, liver, spleen and kidney. Microscopically, lesions consisted of myonecrosis and vascular damage with presence of clostridial-like bacilli. C. sordellii was identified in cultures from liver, muscle, stomach and intestine. Sequences obtained showed a homology of O99% with the 16S rRNA gene sequence of C. sordellii. Conclusions: Development, speed and seriousness of effects triggered by C. sordellii reported in the bear studied reveal the importance of this pathogenic agent and the need to take it into account in any management entailing immobilization, stress or severe muscular activity of wild brown bears.
125
SAFETY STUDY OF A CONVERTASE-ARMED ONCOLYTIC MEASLES VIRUS IN TRANSGENIC MICE AND RHESUS MACAQUES I.M. V€ olker *, P. Bach *, U. Lauer y and C.J. Buchholz* *Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Langen and y Uni-Klinik T€ubingen, Department of Internal Medicine, T€ubingen, Germany Introduction: Genetically engineered measles viruses (MVs) have the ability to destroy human liver cancer cells (oncolysis), but their safety profile has yet to be determined. In this study a convertasearmed MV vaccine was tested in two animal models for intrahepatic application. Materials and Methods: IFNAR-/-CD46TM mice express the human MV receptor and rhesus macaques are a well characterized model for research on MV. Both species were injected with a convertase armed MV and its corresponding prodrug. Subsequently, samples were taken until the end of the study at day 93. MV biodistribution was monitored via qRT-PCR, antibodies by ELISA and toxic effects by blood count, clinical chemistry and histology. Results: After injection, MV RNA was detected in every tested organ of mice or in the spleen of rhesus macaques. Both species developed antibodies against viral antigens and the convertase. A single dose was well tolerated, while repeated injections induced haemolysis in mice. Conclusions: A single dose of convertase-armed MV was safe in both species tested. However, repeated injections caused adverse effects and have to be clarified.
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2013
CLOSTRIDIUM SORDELLII MYOSITIS AND SEPTICAEMIA IN A BROWN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS) A. Balseiro *, A. Oleaga y, L. Polledo z, G. Aduriz x, R. Atxaerandio x, N. Cortabarria x and J.F. Garcıa Marınz *SERIDA, Asturias, ySERPA, Asturias, zPathological Anatomy Section, Animal Health Department, University of Leon and xNEIKER Tecnalia, Bizkaia, Spain Introduction: Clostridium sordellii is found in the environment and occasionally in animal and human intestines. This bacterium causes myonecrosis and large outbreaks of enterotoxaemia. There are few case descriptions of fatal clostridial infection in bear species worldwide, none of them being attributed to C. sordellii. Materials and Methods: An adult male brown bear was trapped in an illegal trap by the left front paw. The animal showed depression and died. At necropsy examination, samples were taken from different organs for histopathology, bacteriological and molecular studies (PCR). Results: Acute gangrenous myositis was the main lesion. Haemorrhages were also observed in the heart, stomach, intestine, liver, spleen and kidney. Microscopically, lesions consisted of myonecrosis and vascular damage with presence of clostridial-like bacilli. C. sordellii was identified in cultures from liver, muscle, stomach and intestine. Sequences obtained showed a homology of O99% with the 16S rRNA gene sequence of C. sordellii. Conclusions: Development, speed and seriousness of effects triggered by C. sordellii reported in the bear studied reveal the importance of this pathogenic agent and the need to take it into account in any management entailing immobilization, stress or severe muscular activity of wild brown bears.
125
SAFETY STUDY OF A CONVERTASE-ARMED ONCOLYTIC MEASLES VIRUS IN TRANSGENIC MICE AND RHESUS MACAQUES I.M. V€ olker *, P. Bach *, U. Lauer y and C.J. Buchholz* *Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Langen and y Uni-Klinik T€ubingen, Department of Internal Medicine, T€ubingen, Germany Introduction: Genetically engineered measles viruses (MVs) have the ability to destroy human liver cancer cells (oncolysis), but their safety profile has yet to be determined. In this study a convertasearmed MV vaccine was tested in two animal models for intrahepatic application. Materials and Methods: IFNAR-/-CD46TM mice express the human MV receptor and rhesus macaques are a well characterized model for research on MV. Both species were injected with a convertase armed MV and its corresponding prodrug. Subsequently, samples were taken until the end of the study at day 93. MV biodistribution was monitored via qRT-PCR, antibodies by ELISA and toxic effects by blood count, clinical chemistry and histology. Results: After injection, MV RNA was detected in every tested organ of mice or in the spleen of rhesus macaques. Both species developed antibodies against viral antigens and the convertase. A single dose was well tolerated, while repeated injections induced haemolysis in mice. Conclusions: A single dose of convertase-armed MV was safe in both species tested. However, repeated injections caused adverse effects and have to be clarified.