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Clothing. The portable environment
Vibration 16.4.32 (90266)
Pelmear, P.L. Hand-arm vibration syndrome.
Occupational Health in Ontario, 1984, 5.4, 130-143. The symptoms, signs and pathophysiology of the hand-arm vibration syndrome are reviewed. The useful clinical diagnostic procedures are enumerated, together with the steps to be taken to prevent and minimise the ill-effects of the syndrome. 16.4.33 (90268) Radwin, R.G., Buchholz, B., and Armstrong, T.J. A vibrating hand tool simulator to measure the effectiveness of controlling applied hand forces by covering bare metal handles with rubber. In: Proceedings of the 1st Mid-Central Ergonomics/Human-Factors Conference, Cincinnati, Ohio, April 12-13, 1984, Edited by A. Mital, pp 20-25. This was a preliminary study to determine if covering handles with rubber affects the force operators exert using and holding vibrating hand tools. A prototype hand tool simulator was constructed using an electromagnetic shaker to provide a vibration stimulus and instrumented with a strain gauge dynamometer to measure grip force. A strain gauge load cell measured the force exerted against the work surface. The apparatus was representative in size and weight of a power hand tool and operated by laboratory subjects with a bare metal handle and one covered with a rubber grip. Subjects exerted less force against the work surface and lower hand grip forces using a rubber covered handle than a bare metal handle. Applied force reductions were observed for sinusoidal vibration at 125 Hz and 500 Hz but no differences were observed at 63 Hz or when the handle was not vibrating. The highest overall grip forces were observed at 63 Hz vibration.
Specialised and protective clothing and equipment 16.4.34 (90295) Watkins, S.M. Clothing. The portable environment. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1984, 254 pp. The author links functional theory from many fields to clothing design in order to explain how clothing works to protect the human body in a wide range of environments and activities. This text presents basic theory to
explain how clothing can provide: (I) protection from extremes of heat and cold, (2) impact protection, (3) protection from radiation, electricity and chemical/biological hazards, (4) freedom of movement, (5) special features such as flotation and high visibility, (6) unique functions through the creative use of fasteners, and (7) therapeutic benefits for support and healing. Clothing for astronauts, firefighters, athletes, soldiers, X-ray technicians, surgeons, the handicapped and many others are explained in simple, non-mathematical language. In addition, sections at the end of each chapter show how to maintain a continual update on functional clothing design developments. 16.4.35 (90303) Oakley, E.H.N. The design and function of military footwear: A review following experiences in the South Atlantic. Ergonomics, 1984, 27.6, 631-637. It is clear from experience in the Falklands that many of the longstanding problems associated with military footwear design remain unsolved. This review examines the aspects of design in relation to function and elucidates the many conflicting requirements of ideal boot design. Mobility, protection, insulation, waterproofing, vapour permeability, durability, weight, fit and supply, for instance, make contrasting demands upon the design of boots. Furthermore, failure to solve these conflicts, it is suggested, resulted in many non-freezing cold injuries in the South Atlantic and frequently leads to other injuries, including frostbite, when present boot designs are tested in action. An attempt is made to reconcile these and other criteria with the suggestion of a modular infantry 'footwear package' consisting of an inner and a number of different middle and outer boots.
Assignment of functions to men and machines
basis for discussion. The conclusions begin with a summary of recent experience concerning automation and work organisation. They then turn to the effects on skills, worker responsibilities, careers and occupational stress; the implications for work organisation and job design; and the roles of governments and employers and workers and their organisations in the design of work with special reference to automation. Finally, they suggest future ILO activities in this field. The following working papers were submitted to the meeting and are reproduced in this publication; (I) Work organisation and the introduction of new technology: A survey of legislation and collective agreements in industrialised countries - prepared by the International Labour Office; (2) Automation and work organisation: Policies and practices in market economy countries - by B. Gustavsen; (3) Automation and work organisation: Policies and practices in countries with centrally planned economies - by L. Hethy; and (4) Work organisation and occupational stress by C.L. Cooper.
Work organisation 16.4.37 (90324)
International Labour Office Adaptation of jobs and the employment of the disabled. ILO, Geneva, 1984, 112 pp. This completely revised edition of the ILO handbook Adaptation of lobs for the disabled, originally published in 1969, reflects up-to-date developments in the application of ergonomics principles aimed at creating and safeguarding jobs for disabled workers. At a time when placement opportunities in many countries are extremely limited, this publication will be particularly helpful to selective placement officers, employers, production engineers and industrial medical officers who have the employment interests of the disabled at heart. 16.4.38 (90334)
Brooke, J.D., Schneider, M.F., and Moray, N.
16.4.36 (90318) International Labour Office Automation, work organisation and occupational stress. ILO, Geneva, 1984, 188 pp. A meeting of experts on automation, work organisation, work intensity and occupational stress was convened by the governing body of the International Labour Office in November-December 1983. This book contains the report and conclusions adopted by the meeting and the working papers submitted to it as a
Performance assessment of a shift work question in the nuclear industry. In: Training and Performance Assessment, Proceedings of the Human Factors Association of Canada, 16th Annual Meeting, Hamilton, Ontario, October 29, 1983. Human Factors Association of Canada, Rexdale, Ontario, 1983, pp 26-29. This paper describes a method of approach to a complex human factors question posed in a real field setting with severe time constraints. The problem at the Corporation level was to assess the probable effect of 8 h versus
Applied Ergonomics December 1985
305
Pelmear, P.L. Hand-arm vibration syndrome.
Occupational Health in Ontario, 1984, 5.4, 130-143. The symptoms, signs and pathophysiology of the hand-arm vibration syndrome are reviewed. The useful clinical diagnostic procedures are enumerated, together with the steps to be taken to prevent and minimise the ill-effects of the syndrome. 16.4.33 (90268) Radwin, R.G., Buchholz, B., and Armstrong, T.J. A vibrating hand tool simulator to measure the effectiveness of controlling applied hand forces by covering bare metal handles with rubber. In: Proceedings of the 1st Mid-Central Ergonomics/Human-Factors Conference, Cincinnati, Ohio, April 12-13, 1984, Edited by A. Mital, pp 20-25. This was a preliminary study to determine if covering handles with rubber affects the force operators exert using and holding vibrating hand tools. A prototype hand tool simulator was constructed using an electromagnetic shaker to provide a vibration stimulus and instrumented with a strain gauge dynamometer to measure grip force. A strain gauge load cell measured the force exerted against the work surface. The apparatus was representative in size and weight of a power hand tool and operated by laboratory subjects with a bare metal handle and one covered with a rubber grip. Subjects exerted less force against the work surface and lower hand grip forces using a rubber covered handle than a bare metal handle. Applied force reductions were observed for sinusoidal vibration at 125 Hz and 500 Hz but no differences were observed at 63 Hz or when the handle was not vibrating. The highest overall grip forces were observed at 63 Hz vibration.
Specialised and protective clothing and equipment 16.4.34 (90295) Watkins, S.M. Clothing. The portable environment. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1984, 254 pp. The author links functional theory from many fields to clothing design in order to explain how clothing works to protect the human body in a wide range of environments and activities. This text presents basic theory to
explain how clothing can provide: (I) protection from extremes of heat and cold, (2) impact protection, (3) protection from radiation, electricity and chemical/biological hazards, (4) freedom of movement, (5) special features such as flotation and high visibility, (6) unique functions through the creative use of fasteners, and (7) therapeutic benefits for support and healing. Clothing for astronauts, firefighters, athletes, soldiers, X-ray technicians, surgeons, the handicapped and many others are explained in simple, non-mathematical language. In addition, sections at the end of each chapter show how to maintain a continual update on functional clothing design developments. 16.4.35 (90303) Oakley, E.H.N. The design and function of military footwear: A review following experiences in the South Atlantic. Ergonomics, 1984, 27.6, 631-637. It is clear from experience in the Falklands that many of the longstanding problems associated with military footwear design remain unsolved. This review examines the aspects of design in relation to function and elucidates the many conflicting requirements of ideal boot design. Mobility, protection, insulation, waterproofing, vapour permeability, durability, weight, fit and supply, for instance, make contrasting demands upon the design of boots. Furthermore, failure to solve these conflicts, it is suggested, resulted in many non-freezing cold injuries in the South Atlantic and frequently leads to other injuries, including frostbite, when present boot designs are tested in action. An attempt is made to reconcile these and other criteria with the suggestion of a modular infantry 'footwear package' consisting of an inner and a number of different middle and outer boots.
Assignment of functions to men and machines
basis for discussion. The conclusions begin with a summary of recent experience concerning automation and work organisation. They then turn to the effects on skills, worker responsibilities, careers and occupational stress; the implications for work organisation and job design; and the roles of governments and employers and workers and their organisations in the design of work with special reference to automation. Finally, they suggest future ILO activities in this field. The following working papers were submitted to the meeting and are reproduced in this publication; (I) Work organisation and the introduction of new technology: A survey of legislation and collective agreements in industrialised countries - prepared by the International Labour Office; (2) Automation and work organisation: Policies and practices in market economy countries - by B. Gustavsen; (3) Automation and work organisation: Policies and practices in countries with centrally planned economies - by L. Hethy; and (4) Work organisation and occupational stress by C.L. Cooper.
Work organisation 16.4.37 (90324)
International Labour Office Adaptation of jobs and the employment of the disabled. ILO, Geneva, 1984, 112 pp. This completely revised edition of the ILO handbook Adaptation of lobs for the disabled, originally published in 1969, reflects up-to-date developments in the application of ergonomics principles aimed at creating and safeguarding jobs for disabled workers. At a time when placement opportunities in many countries are extremely limited, this publication will be particularly helpful to selective placement officers, employers, production engineers and industrial medical officers who have the employment interests of the disabled at heart. 16.4.38 (90334)
Brooke, J.D., Schneider, M.F., and Moray, N.
16.4.36 (90318) International Labour Office Automation, work organisation and occupational stress. ILO, Geneva, 1984, 188 pp. A meeting of experts on automation, work organisation, work intensity and occupational stress was convened by the governing body of the International Labour Office in November-December 1983. This book contains the report and conclusions adopted by the meeting and the working papers submitted to it as a
Performance assessment of a shift work question in the nuclear industry. In: Training and Performance Assessment, Proceedings of the Human Factors Association of Canada, 16th Annual Meeting, Hamilton, Ontario, October 29, 1983. Human Factors Association of Canada, Rexdale, Ontario, 1983, pp 26-29. This paper describes a method of approach to a complex human factors question posed in a real field setting with severe time constraints. The problem at the Corporation level was to assess the probable effect of 8 h versus
Applied Ergonomics December 1985
305