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CNV in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder
50S
Poster session I
SIOL. PSYCHIATRY 1997:42:1S-297S
114-1571 Three types of hemispheric Interaction In man A.Y. Egorov, N.N. Nikolaenko. I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology Biochemistry. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russls Abundant data from publications and the authors' own experimental findings are used to hypothesize the presence of three interhemispheric relation types in man. The first type Is reciprocal Interaetlon of brain hemispheres. In this case the funetlons of one hemisphere are encouraged while the other one is Inhibited and vice-versa. The second type is complimentary relations. Here each hemisphere contributes to embody any function (e.g. preponderance of the right hemisphere in perception of the left hemispace versus the left hemispheric preponderance of the right one). In case of the third type the hemispheres Interact by means 01 superimposition: each hemi• sphere constructs its own distorted model of reality; then these distortions are leveled by each other (e.g., in perception 01 objects In three-dimensional space the right hemisphere brings them closer, while the left one moves off). Mental disorders are accompanied by cerebral asymmetry changes. Right hemispheric hyperactlvation Is typical for depression, while mania and para• noid schizophrenia are characterized by left hemispheric hyperactlvation. Besides this, changes of types 01 hemispheric Interaction is observed. The Interaction by means of superposition is substiMed by reciprocal interaction.
114-1581 The stochastic process of EEG j In terms of the fractal dimension S. Kito " T. Morl ' , M. Kimura' , K. Takezawa ' , M. Hacla' , S. Endo ' , N. Watanabe 2. 'Dept. of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Center for Informatics and ScienceS,Nippon Medicsl Schoo1, Tokyo, Japan ObJective: For the purpose 01 clinical application of chaos theory to the analysing of the EEG, we examined the relationship of the fractal dimension to the stationarity, and to the power spectrum of the EEG. Methods: We measured the !rectal dimension of EEG segments, and the chi-square value between the probability distributions derived from the EEG segments as the degree of the stationarity, and calculated the power spectrum. Then we Investigated the correlation of the fractal dimension with the chi-square value and the power spectrum. COnclusions: The !rectal dimension was little affected by the degree of the stationarity, i.e., the difference of the probability distribution had no sensitive relation to the fractal dimension In almost all cases. Sut when the stationarity broke largely during the segment, the fractal dimension showed a tendency to be lower. In regard to the relationship with the power spectrum, the fractal dimension had a tendency to be affected by the power of a high frequency hand, especially higher than about 35 Hz, that is, the 3rd harmonic ofa wave.
114-1591 Galanln has REM-sleep deprivation-like effects on the sleep EEG In healthy young men I.A. AntoniJevlc, H. Murck, A.M. Frieooes, P. Maier, T. Schier, A. Steiger. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry. Dept of Psychiatry. Munich. Germany REM sleep deprivation leads to en Induction of galanln gene expression In rats and has effects on systems which are assumed to be closely related with sleep regulation i.e. the GHRH-dependend systems of the hypothalamus and the locus coeruleus (LC). We studied the effects 014 x 50 /lg galanin (n .. 10) and of 4 x 150 /4g galanin (n • 8) houriy administered as Intravenous boluses between 22 h end 1 h on sleep EEG and noctumal hormonal secration in normal male controls. 4 x 50 /4g galanln resulted In a signilicant Increase in REM sleep for the first 3 sleep cycles and a reduction of stage 2 sleep for sleep period lime. After 4 x 150 /4g galenin REM sleep increased significantly for the third sleep cycle and showed a trend to en Increase for the first three sleep cycles. Spectral analysis revealed a significant increase In delta power frequency range for the sleep period time after the lower, but not after the higher dosage of galanin. The secretion of growth hormone, cortisol and prolactin remained unchanged dUrlng sleep In either protocol. Our clata are consistent with the assumption of a funetlonal resemblance of the effect of galanin and REM-sleep deprtvatlon, which Is known to have antidepressive efficacy.
I activity across NREMS episodes In healthy young
114-160 Night-to-night stability of the distribution of delta men
X. Preud'homme, J.P. Lanquart, J. Mendlewicz, P. Unkowskl. Sleep Laboratory. Department of Psychiatry. Erasme Hospital, Universite Iibre de Bruxelles. Brussels, Belgium Using spectral analysis to estimate delta power, this study examines the nlght-to-night stability 01 the distribution of delta aetlvity across the night In healthy young men. Methods: Polysomnographic recordings were obtained during the three consecutive nights in 31 healthy men aged 16to 36 years (mean ± SO: 23.0 ± 4.7). Classical signals were sampled at 50 Hz. Standard FFT Procedure was applied to every 20-5 epochs. Delta band limits were fixed at 0.5 and 3.0 Hz. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used. Results: The rate of delta power was computed as the ratio of mean delta power per NREMS episode to its duration and was then standardized as a percentage of the rate of the last NREMS episode slept. The distribution of the logarithm of this measure of delta activity across the first four consecutive NREMS episodes demonstrated a linear decline. Since a linear decline for the logarithm of a variable implies an exponential distribution for that Variable, we concluded that delta aetlvity Is distributed exponentially across NREMS episodes. Furthermore, no significant night effect was found between the pattem of distribution across the three consecutive nights (F .. 0.79; <:If = 2.60; P .. 0.459). Thus the distribution of delta activity across NREMs episodes in young men is exponential and shows a nlghl-lernight stability.
I disorder
114-161 CNV In patients with obsessive compulsive T. Fukushima, H. Ueda, A. Kosaka, T. Yamamoto, S. A1zawa, A. Aoba Department of Neuro-psychiatry. St. Marianna University SChool of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan In this study we used conligent negative variation (CNV) to investigate psychophysiological features In a group of fifteen patients with obseSSive compulsive disorder (OCO) and fifteen age-matched, gender-matched nor. mal controls. Methods: The patients fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for OCD. The clinical state of all SUbjects was assessed using the Y-SOCS, STA1, Hamilton anxiety scale and Hamilton depression scale. CNV was recorded at Fz, Cz, Pz, F3. F4, C3, C4, P3 and P4. CNV paradigms consisted of S1 (70 dB tone pip)-S2 (flash) and S1-52 + R (bullon press) with an S1-S2 interval of 2.0 sec. Results: For the S1·S2 paradigm, there was no difference in the mean of CNV area between the OCO group and the normal control group. For the S1-52 + R paradigm, the mean CNV area was significantly smaller at • frontocentral electrode sites in the OCD group than in the normal COntrol • group. The mean area, calculated by subtraction of the area of negative aetlvity evoked by S1-S2 from the CNV area was significantly smaller at frontal electrode sites In the OCD group than In the normal control group. These results suggest that there are some differences In psychophysiological conditions In relation to cognitive funetlons between OCO patients and normal controls.
114-1621 Auditory event-related potentials In panic disorders H. lsono, Y. Okajima, A. Iwanarnl, K. Kamijlma. Department of Psychiatry. Shows University Schoo1 of Medicine. Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan The aim of this study Is to Investigate the psychophysiolog!ca1 features of paniC disorder (PO) patients. . Methods: Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in lS patients with PO meeting the DSM-IV criteria and In 15 age-matched normal controls. The ERPs were recorded using a standard two-tone discrimination task (oddball task). The probabilities of the rare target (1200 Hz) and frequent non·target tones (1000 Hz) were 15% and 85%, respectively. SUbjects were required to press a button for the rare target tones In a sound-proof room. Scalp EEGs were recorded from Fz, Cz, Pz, C3, ancl C4. The EEG responses to the frequent and rare tones for correct trials were avereged separately. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were SCOred for clinical evaluation. Results: Analyses of variance revealed that N1 amplitude for target In patients was significantly larger and N1 latency significantly delayed than that in controls. The P3 latency and amplitude did not differ significantly
Poster session I
SIOL. PSYCHIATRY 1997:42:1S-297S
114-1571 Three types of hemispheric Interaction In man A.Y. Egorov, N.N. Nikolaenko. I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology Biochemistry. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russls Abundant data from publications and the authors' own experimental findings are used to hypothesize the presence of three interhemispheric relation types in man. The first type Is reciprocal Interaetlon of brain hemispheres. In this case the funetlons of one hemisphere are encouraged while the other one is Inhibited and vice-versa. The second type is complimentary relations. Here each hemisphere contributes to embody any function (e.g. preponderance of the right hemisphere in perception of the left hemispace versus the left hemispheric preponderance of the right one). In case of the third type the hemispheres Interact by means 01 superimposition: each hemi• sphere constructs its own distorted model of reality; then these distortions are leveled by each other (e.g., in perception 01 objects In three-dimensional space the right hemisphere brings them closer, while the left one moves off). Mental disorders are accompanied by cerebral asymmetry changes. Right hemispheric hyperactlvation Is typical for depression, while mania and para• noid schizophrenia are characterized by left hemispheric hyperactlvation. Besides this, changes of types 01 hemispheric Interaction is observed. The Interaction by means of superposition is substiMed by reciprocal interaction.
114-1581 The stochastic process of EEG j In terms of the fractal dimension S. Kito " T. Morl ' , M. Kimura' , K. Takezawa ' , M. Hacla' , S. Endo ' , N. Watanabe 2. 'Dept. of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Center for Informatics and ScienceS,Nippon Medicsl Schoo1, Tokyo, Japan ObJective: For the purpose 01 clinical application of chaos theory to the analysing of the EEG, we examined the relationship of the fractal dimension to the stationarity, and to the power spectrum of the EEG. Methods: We measured the !rectal dimension of EEG segments, and the chi-square value between the probability distributions derived from the EEG segments as the degree of the stationarity, and calculated the power spectrum. Then we Investigated the correlation of the fractal dimension with the chi-square value and the power spectrum. COnclusions: The !rectal dimension was little affected by the degree of the stationarity, i.e., the difference of the probability distribution had no sensitive relation to the fractal dimension In almost all cases. Sut when the stationarity broke largely during the segment, the fractal dimension showed a tendency to be lower. In regard to the relationship with the power spectrum, the fractal dimension had a tendency to be affected by the power of a high frequency hand, especially higher than about 35 Hz, that is, the 3rd harmonic ofa wave.
114-1591 Galanln has REM-sleep deprivation-like effects on the sleep EEG In healthy young men I.A. AntoniJevlc, H. Murck, A.M. Frieooes, P. Maier, T. Schier, A. Steiger. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry. Dept of Psychiatry. Munich. Germany REM sleep deprivation leads to en Induction of galanln gene expression In rats and has effects on systems which are assumed to be closely related with sleep regulation i.e. the GHRH-dependend systems of the hypothalamus and the locus coeruleus (LC). We studied the effects 014 x 50 /lg galanin (n .. 10) and of 4 x 150 /4g galanin (n • 8) houriy administered as Intravenous boluses between 22 h end 1 h on sleep EEG and noctumal hormonal secration in normal male controls. 4 x 50 /4g galanln resulted In a signilicant Increase in REM sleep for the first 3 sleep cycles and a reduction of stage 2 sleep for sleep period lime. After 4 x 150 /4g galenin REM sleep increased significantly for the third sleep cycle and showed a trend to en Increase for the first three sleep cycles. Spectral analysis revealed a significant increase In delta power frequency range for the sleep period time after the lower, but not after the higher dosage of galanin. The secretion of growth hormone, cortisol and prolactin remained unchanged dUrlng sleep In either protocol. Our clata are consistent with the assumption of a funetlonal resemblance of the effect of galanin and REM-sleep deprtvatlon, which Is known to have antidepressive efficacy.
I activity across NREMS episodes In healthy young
114-160 Night-to-night stability of the distribution of delta men
X. Preud'homme, J.P. Lanquart, J. Mendlewicz, P. Unkowskl. Sleep Laboratory. Department of Psychiatry. Erasme Hospital, Universite Iibre de Bruxelles. Brussels, Belgium Using spectral analysis to estimate delta power, this study examines the nlght-to-night stability 01 the distribution of delta aetlvity across the night In healthy young men. Methods: Polysomnographic recordings were obtained during the three consecutive nights in 31 healthy men aged 16to 36 years (mean ± SO: 23.0 ± 4.7). Classical signals were sampled at 50 Hz. Standard FFT Procedure was applied to every 20-5 epochs. Delta band limits were fixed at 0.5 and 3.0 Hz. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used. Results: The rate of delta power was computed as the ratio of mean delta power per NREMS episode to its duration and was then standardized as a percentage of the rate of the last NREMS episode slept. The distribution of the logarithm of this measure of delta activity across the first four consecutive NREMS episodes demonstrated a linear decline. Since a linear decline for the logarithm of a variable implies an exponential distribution for that Variable, we concluded that delta aetlvity Is distributed exponentially across NREMS episodes. Furthermore, no significant night effect was found between the pattem of distribution across the three consecutive nights (F .. 0.79; <:If = 2.60; P .. 0.459). Thus the distribution of delta activity across NREMs episodes in young men is exponential and shows a nlghl-lernight stability.
I disorder
114-161 CNV In patients with obsessive compulsive T. Fukushima, H. Ueda, A. Kosaka, T. Yamamoto, S. A1zawa, A. Aoba Department of Neuro-psychiatry. St. Marianna University SChool of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan In this study we used conligent negative variation (CNV) to investigate psychophysiological features In a group of fifteen patients with obseSSive compulsive disorder (OCO) and fifteen age-matched, gender-matched nor. mal controls. Methods: The patients fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for OCD. The clinical state of all SUbjects was assessed using the Y-SOCS, STA1, Hamilton anxiety scale and Hamilton depression scale. CNV was recorded at Fz, Cz, Pz, F3. F4, C3, C4, P3 and P4. CNV paradigms consisted of S1 (70 dB tone pip)-S2 (flash) and S1-52 + R (bullon press) with an S1-S2 interval of 2.0 sec. Results: For the S1·S2 paradigm, there was no difference in the mean of CNV area between the OCO group and the normal control group. For the S1-52 + R paradigm, the mean CNV area was significantly smaller at • frontocentral electrode sites in the OCD group than in the normal COntrol • group. The mean area, calculated by subtraction of the area of negative aetlvity evoked by S1-S2 from the CNV area was significantly smaller at frontal electrode sites In the OCD group than In the normal control group. These results suggest that there are some differences In psychophysiological conditions In relation to cognitive funetlons between OCO patients and normal controls.
114-1621 Auditory event-related potentials In panic disorders H. lsono, Y. Okajima, A. Iwanarnl, K. Kamijlma. Department of Psychiatry. Shows University Schoo1 of Medicine. Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan The aim of this study Is to Investigate the psychophysiolog!ca1 features of paniC disorder (PO) patients. . Methods: Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in lS patients with PO meeting the DSM-IV criteria and In 15 age-matched normal controls. The ERPs were recorded using a standard two-tone discrimination task (oddball task). The probabilities of the rare target (1200 Hz) and frequent non·target tones (1000 Hz) were 15% and 85%, respectively. SUbjects were required to press a button for the rare target tones In a sound-proof room. Scalp EEGs were recorded from Fz, Cz, Pz, C3, ancl C4. The EEG responses to the frequent and rare tones for correct trials were avereged separately. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were SCOred for clinical evaluation. Results: Analyses of variance revealed that N1 amplitude for target In patients was significantly larger and N1 latency significantly delayed than that in controls. The P3 latency and amplitude did not differ significantly