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Coal gasifier for liquid propellant production with fuel gas manufacture
03 Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels) emissions. The effect would be accentuated if Mexico lacks the funds required to carry on with investments in gas development and processing capacity. With the use of a dynamic computer model, this study addresses responses of the Mexican oil and gas industries to perturbations such as: changes in regulatory and environmental policies; changes in institutional arrangements such as those arising from market liberalization; and lack of availability of investment funds. The study also assesses how regulatory policies can be designed to minimize the economic inefficiencies arising from the business cycle disruptions that some perturbations may cause. In addition, this study investigates how investment responses will shape the Mexican energy sector in the future, particularly with respect to both the relative importance of different fuels for power generation and heating purposes and the nature of competition in the Mexican natural gas market. Furthermore, this study explores the direct consequences of these responses on the level of carbon emissions.
03•00548
Tomorrow's gas industry
Anon., Gaz D'At¢jourd'hui, 2002, 126, (4), 23 32. (In French) This article looks at the changes developing in the French energy sector.
Derived gaseous fuels 03•00549 fuels
Adapting solid oxide fuel cells for coal derived
Remick, R. J. Proceedings o f the International Technical Cot~/~,rence on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems, 2002, 1, (27), 585-593. The problems accompanied with the adaptation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for the utilization of coal derived fuel gas are described. The differences in the performance of natural gas and gasified coal driven fuel cells are outlined, and the problems accompanied with the purification of the fuel are presented. Coal derived gas driven fuel cells recommended a reconfiguration of the geometry of the fuel cell stack, and accommodated the use of oxidant cooling of the stack for heat removal and recovery.
03•00550 Analysis of chemical equilibrium in direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas Wang, Z. et al. Shiyou Huagong, 2002, 3l, (2), 89 94. (In Chinese) Chemical equilibrium in direct synthesis of -di-Me ether from syngas was calculated and analysed by using an appropriate thermodynamic model. The effect of reaction temperature, pressure, q(Hz)/n (CO + CO2) ratio, carbon dioxide content and water content in reactant was investigated with thorough understanding of this thermodynamic reaction.
03100551 Apparatus and method for manufacturing of synthetic fuel gas by steam reforming Hatanaka, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2002 226,869 (CI. C10J3/02), 14 Aug 2002, Appl. 2001/59,207, 29 Jan 2001. 5. (In Japanese) The title apparatus comprises an arc plasma reactor with multiphase AC electrodes, granular activated carbon bed filled in the arc plasma reactor, means for supplying steam through minute arc passage to react with carbon for producing syngas mainly containing CO and H2, and means for preheating intake water at inlet side of team generator. This apparatus reduces operation cost and produces high-quality fuel gas.
03100552 Apparatus and system of reforming hydrocarbon fuels for manufacture of synthesis gas Komatsu, H. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2002 154,805 (CI. C01B3/32), 28 May 2002. Appl. 20007347,217. 14 Nov 2000. 7. (In Japanese) The hydrocarbon fuel-reforming apparatus is constituted by a reforming catalyst, an electric heater, and a catalyst promoting exothermic reaction with the fuel, e.g. a combustion catalyst. The reforming system comprises the reforming apparatus and a means for controlling electrification of the heater and supplement of the fuel, air, and water. The time required for elevating the reforming apparatus can be shortened by arranging the combustion catalyst.
03100553 Chemical absorption models for coke-oven gas treatment process Shen, J. Jishu Yu Xunlian, 2002, 27, (1), 1-10. (In Chinese) Chemical absorption technology was long implemented to remove NH3/H2S/HCN from raw coke-oven gas in the Coal Chemical Plant of CSC. With the need of further upgrading the cleanliness of the treated coke-oven gas and reducing the operation cost of this plant, the chemical absorption models for coke-oven gas treatment process were developed. These models have proved to be practical and beneficial.
This paper reports the chemical enhancement mechanisms for individual H2S/CO2/HCN absorption into dilute aqueous NH3 solutions and their corresponding mathematical models. The integrated simulation methodology for the industrial absorption plant is also introduced.
03•00554 Coal gasifier for liquid propellant production with fuel gas manufacture Abe, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2002 188,089 (Cl. C10J3/48), 5 Jul 2002, Appl. 2000/387,118, 20 Dec 2000. 4. (In Japanese) The apparatus includes a coal gasifier for connecting to a coal slurry supply line and a Oz-supply line to produce fuel gas, a device for refining the fuel gas, a downstream device for manufacturing liquid fuel (e.g. methanol, di-Me ether) from the refined gas, a gas analyser connecting to the line between the refining device and the fuel manufacturing device for detecting composition of fuel gas, and a means for supplying steam to the O2-supply line via a regulating valve controlled by the gas analyser, to have a H2/CO ratio of about 2 in fuel gas.
03•00555 Developing an innovative method, HyPr-RING, to produce hydrogen from hydrocarbons Lin, S.-H. et al. Energy Conversion and Management, 2002, 43, (9 12), 1283-1290. A new innovative hydrogen-production method, HyPr-RING (hydrogen production by reaction-integrated novel gasification), using hydrocarbon and water has been proposed. Experimental results show that, using one reactor, 1 mol of carbon generates 2 tool of hydrogen with no pollutants and no carbon oxides being detected in the product gas phase. Water reduction by the hydrocarbons and the CO2 absorption reaction are the key reactions in this method. The absorption of CO2 from the gas phase improves the yield of hydrogen production from water. A feasible hydrogen production process was designed by applying the above-mentioned method, and the thermodynamic efficiency was calculated accordingly. Theoretically, the calculated cold-gas efficiency of this process exceeds 90%, and no clean-up system is required. This process potentially reduces hydrogen production costs compared to conventional hydrogen production methods.
03•00556 Evaluation of supercritical water gasification and biomethanation for wet biomass utilization in Japan Matsumura, Y. Energy Conversion and Management, 2002, 43, (9-12), 1301 1310. Two wet biomass gasification processes, supercritical water gasification and biomethanation, were evaluated from energy, environmental, and economic aspects. Gasification of 1 dry-t/day of water hyacinth was taken as a model case. Assumptions were made that system should be energetically independent, that no environmentally harmful material should be released, and that carbon dioxide should be removed from the product gas. Energy efficiency, carbon dioxide payback time, and price of the product gas were chosen as indices for energy, environmental, and economic evaluation, respectively. Under the conditions assumed here, supercritical water gasification is evaluated to be more advantageous over biomethanation, but the cost of the product gas is still 1.86 times more expensive than city gas in Tokyo. To improve efficiency of supercritical water gasification, improvement of heat exchanger efficiency is effective. Utilization of fermentation sludge will make biomethanation much more advantageous.
03•00557 lignite
Expanded test study of gasification for Zhaotong
He, P. et al. Meitan Zhuanhua, 2002, 25, (2), 55-59. (In Chinese) In the light of characteristics of Zhaotong lignite, the test study of gasification was developed at the enlarge test installation with fluidized bed gasifier using semi coke as solid heat carrier which gasify lignite with the ability of 0.3 t/h. The study results demonstrate that gas tar is little, favourable for later stage of gas manufacturing; that calorific value and yield of gas are increased to a certain of extent by comparison with packed bed gasifier and general fluidized bed gasifier; that the calorific value of gas has approached the national standards of city gas; that combustion temperature and gasification temperature is elevated through increasing coal supply to increase inflammable material in solid heat carrier of the riser, but, the change of coal supply exerts an influence on the rate and the yield of gasification. For these reasons, a better plan for the development of Zhaotong lignite is gas making by this technological process.
03/00558 Gas-withdrawing riser from the oven chamber of a coke oven battery Nikitin, I. N. el al. Koks i Klnm(va, 2002, (3), 24~26. (In Russian) A riser for withdrawing coke oven gas is described. The apparatus prevents losses of coke oven gas (valuable chemicals) and air pollution as well as eliminates the need for manual removal of tar-coal-graphite deposits.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 2003 77
03•00548
Tomorrow's gas industry
Anon., Gaz D'At¢jourd'hui, 2002, 126, (4), 23 32. (In French) This article looks at the changes developing in the French energy sector.
Derived gaseous fuels 03•00549 fuels
Adapting solid oxide fuel cells for coal derived
Remick, R. J. Proceedings o f the International Technical Cot~/~,rence on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems, 2002, 1, (27), 585-593. The problems accompanied with the adaptation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for the utilization of coal derived fuel gas are described. The differences in the performance of natural gas and gasified coal driven fuel cells are outlined, and the problems accompanied with the purification of the fuel are presented. Coal derived gas driven fuel cells recommended a reconfiguration of the geometry of the fuel cell stack, and accommodated the use of oxidant cooling of the stack for heat removal and recovery.
03•00550 Analysis of chemical equilibrium in direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas Wang, Z. et al. Shiyou Huagong, 2002, 3l, (2), 89 94. (In Chinese) Chemical equilibrium in direct synthesis of -di-Me ether from syngas was calculated and analysed by using an appropriate thermodynamic model. The effect of reaction temperature, pressure, q(Hz)/n (CO + CO2) ratio, carbon dioxide content and water content in reactant was investigated with thorough understanding of this thermodynamic reaction.
03100551 Apparatus and method for manufacturing of synthetic fuel gas by steam reforming Hatanaka, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2002 226,869 (CI. C10J3/02), 14 Aug 2002, Appl. 2001/59,207, 29 Jan 2001. 5. (In Japanese) The title apparatus comprises an arc plasma reactor with multiphase AC electrodes, granular activated carbon bed filled in the arc plasma reactor, means for supplying steam through minute arc passage to react with carbon for producing syngas mainly containing CO and H2, and means for preheating intake water at inlet side of team generator. This apparatus reduces operation cost and produces high-quality fuel gas.
03100552 Apparatus and system of reforming hydrocarbon fuels for manufacture of synthesis gas Komatsu, H. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2002 154,805 (CI. C01B3/32), 28 May 2002. Appl. 20007347,217. 14 Nov 2000. 7. (In Japanese) The hydrocarbon fuel-reforming apparatus is constituted by a reforming catalyst, an electric heater, and a catalyst promoting exothermic reaction with the fuel, e.g. a combustion catalyst. The reforming system comprises the reforming apparatus and a means for controlling electrification of the heater and supplement of the fuel, air, and water. The time required for elevating the reforming apparatus can be shortened by arranging the combustion catalyst.
03100553 Chemical absorption models for coke-oven gas treatment process Shen, J. Jishu Yu Xunlian, 2002, 27, (1), 1-10. (In Chinese) Chemical absorption technology was long implemented to remove NH3/H2S/HCN from raw coke-oven gas in the Coal Chemical Plant of CSC. With the need of further upgrading the cleanliness of the treated coke-oven gas and reducing the operation cost of this plant, the chemical absorption models for coke-oven gas treatment process were developed. These models have proved to be practical and beneficial.
This paper reports the chemical enhancement mechanisms for individual H2S/CO2/HCN absorption into dilute aqueous NH3 solutions and their corresponding mathematical models. The integrated simulation methodology for the industrial absorption plant is also introduced.
03•00554 Coal gasifier for liquid propellant production with fuel gas manufacture Abe, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2002 188,089 (Cl. C10J3/48), 5 Jul 2002, Appl. 2000/387,118, 20 Dec 2000. 4. (In Japanese) The apparatus includes a coal gasifier for connecting to a coal slurry supply line and a Oz-supply line to produce fuel gas, a device for refining the fuel gas, a downstream device for manufacturing liquid fuel (e.g. methanol, di-Me ether) from the refined gas, a gas analyser connecting to the line between the refining device and the fuel manufacturing device for detecting composition of fuel gas, and a means for supplying steam to the O2-supply line via a regulating valve controlled by the gas analyser, to have a H2/CO ratio of about 2 in fuel gas.
03•00555 Developing an innovative method, HyPr-RING, to produce hydrogen from hydrocarbons Lin, S.-H. et al. Energy Conversion and Management, 2002, 43, (9 12), 1283-1290. A new innovative hydrogen-production method, HyPr-RING (hydrogen production by reaction-integrated novel gasification), using hydrocarbon and water has been proposed. Experimental results show that, using one reactor, 1 mol of carbon generates 2 tool of hydrogen with no pollutants and no carbon oxides being detected in the product gas phase. Water reduction by the hydrocarbons and the CO2 absorption reaction are the key reactions in this method. The absorption of CO2 from the gas phase improves the yield of hydrogen production from water. A feasible hydrogen production process was designed by applying the above-mentioned method, and the thermodynamic efficiency was calculated accordingly. Theoretically, the calculated cold-gas efficiency of this process exceeds 90%, and no clean-up system is required. This process potentially reduces hydrogen production costs compared to conventional hydrogen production methods.
03•00556 Evaluation of supercritical water gasification and biomethanation for wet biomass utilization in Japan Matsumura, Y. Energy Conversion and Management, 2002, 43, (9-12), 1301 1310. Two wet biomass gasification processes, supercritical water gasification and biomethanation, were evaluated from energy, environmental, and economic aspects. Gasification of 1 dry-t/day of water hyacinth was taken as a model case. Assumptions were made that system should be energetically independent, that no environmentally harmful material should be released, and that carbon dioxide should be removed from the product gas. Energy efficiency, carbon dioxide payback time, and price of the product gas were chosen as indices for energy, environmental, and economic evaluation, respectively. Under the conditions assumed here, supercritical water gasification is evaluated to be more advantageous over biomethanation, but the cost of the product gas is still 1.86 times more expensive than city gas in Tokyo. To improve efficiency of supercritical water gasification, improvement of heat exchanger efficiency is effective. Utilization of fermentation sludge will make biomethanation much more advantageous.
03•00557 lignite
Expanded test study of gasification for Zhaotong
He, P. et al. Meitan Zhuanhua, 2002, 25, (2), 55-59. (In Chinese) In the light of characteristics of Zhaotong lignite, the test study of gasification was developed at the enlarge test installation with fluidized bed gasifier using semi coke as solid heat carrier which gasify lignite with the ability of 0.3 t/h. The study results demonstrate that gas tar is little, favourable for later stage of gas manufacturing; that calorific value and yield of gas are increased to a certain of extent by comparison with packed bed gasifier and general fluidized bed gasifier; that the calorific value of gas has approached the national standards of city gas; that combustion temperature and gasification temperature is elevated through increasing coal supply to increase inflammable material in solid heat carrier of the riser, but, the change of coal supply exerts an influence on the rate and the yield of gasification. For these reasons, a better plan for the development of Zhaotong lignite is gas making by this technological process.
03/00558 Gas-withdrawing riser from the oven chamber of a coke oven battery Nikitin, I. N. el al. Koks i Klnm(va, 2002, (3), 24~26. (In Russian) A riser for withdrawing coke oven gas is described. The apparatus prevents losses of coke oven gas (valuable chemicals) and air pollution as well as eliminates the need for manual removal of tar-coal-graphite deposits.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 2003 77