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Coating substrates
PATENTS formed in the positive electrode chamber, while an outflow port is formed in the negative electrode chamber. A DC voltage is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein either one, or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be pressed to, and separated away from, the solid electrolytic membrane by a drive that operates in a forwards and backwards direction. By increasing the force of pressing an electrode to the solid electrolytic membrane, an enhanced electrolytic performance is obtained. By separating an electrode away from the solid electrolytic membrane, membrane performance is recovered. This allows the membrane to be used repeatedly. Patent number." W O 99/29929 Inventors: T. Tanioka, M. Terada, A. Kanbeshiyama, K. Okada, N. Okubo, T. Sawada Publication date: 17 June 1999
Hydrogen gas-extraction module Applicant: Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA A hydrogen gas-extraction module includes an intermediate layer bonded between a porous metal substrate and a membrane layer that is selectively permeable to hydrogen. The metal substrate includes a substantial concentration of a first metal at the surface of the metal substrate, and the intermediate layer includes an oxide of this first metal. In one embodiment, where the module is designed to selectively extract hydrogen at high temperatures, the porous metal substrate comprises stainless steel, and the membrane layer includes palladium or a palladium/silver alloy. A method for fabricating a hydrogen gas-extraction membrane includes reacting the porous metal substrate with an oxidizing agent to form a ceramic intermediate layer on a surface of the porous metal substrate and covering the ceramic coating with the membrane layer that is selectively permeable to hydrogen. Patent number." W O 99/30806 Inventors: Y.H. Ma, P. Mardilovich, Y. She Publication date: 24 June 1999
Separating plasma from blood Applicant." Pall Corporation, USA Plasma is separated from a blood product such as SAG-M, or anti-coagulated whole blood, by flowing the blood product across a membrane. The membrane has a voids volume of greater than 50%, a pore size of less than 0.65 pm and a plasma flow rate of greater than 0.04 ml/min.cm 2 with a specified value of blood product and with a specified transmembrane pressure. The surface of the membrane contacted by the blood product has a smoothness of less than 0.5 pro. Patent number: US 5914042 Inventors: P..R. Ball, C.C. Hall, M.A.E. Boulter Publication date: 22 June 1999
Delivery of diltiazem HCI Applicant." Wockhardt Europe Ltd, Ireland A drug delivery system for diltiazem-HCl has
MembraneTechnologyNo.113
been developed. It comprises a blend of fastrelease, medium-release and slow-release fractions of a multi-layered diltiazem bead substrate. The fast release fraction is composed of a diltiazem bead substrate layered with a polymeric membrane coating. The membrane coating has a weight gain of between 14 and 18%. The medium-release fraction comprises a diltiazem bead substrate layered with a polymeric membrane coating having a membrane coating weight gain ranging from 3 9 4 3 % . The slow-release fraction has a similar structure to the other two fractions, and it has a membrane coating weight gain of 63-67%. At least one of the polymeric membrane coatings is made up of a water-insoluble, slightly permeable polymer and a plasticiser triethyl citrate. Patent number: US 5914134 Inventor: V.K. Sharma Publication date: 22 June 1999
Process for recovering olefins
Controlled drug-delivery device Applicant." Alza Corporation, USA This invention describes rate controlling membranes for controlled drug-delivery devices that are stable over time and exhibit more predictable and consistent membrane functionality. According to another aspect, the membranes have enhanced permeability. According to the invention, the rate-controlling membrane of a controlled drug-delivery device is subjected to a pre-treatment annealing process wherein it is subjected to an elevated temperature for a predetermined period, and subsequently cooled to ambient conditions before it is incorporated into a controlled drugdelivery device. Patent number." W O 99/32095 Inventors: L.W. Kleiner, R.M. Gale, G.R. Berggren, G.T. Tong, G. Chen Publication date: 1 July 1999
Applicants: L'Air Liquide, Soci&~ Anonyme
Trans-dermal delivery device
pour L'l~tude et L'Exploitation des Proc~d& Georges Claude, France, and Air Liquide America Corporation, USA
Applicant: Alza Corporation, USA An electrode assembly and a method of forming an anhydrous reservoir layer of an electrode assembly in an electro-transport trans-dermal agent delivery device are provided. The reservoir layer is adapted to be placed in agent-transmitting relation with a body surface and an electrode in electrical contact with a power source and the reservoir layer. The method includes the steps of dissolving a beneficial agent in a solvent, applying the solvent and dissolved beneficial agent to a surface of a hydrophilic polymer filtration membrane, removing the solvent from the surface of the filtration membrane, and disposing the beneficial agent/filtration membrane within the electrode assembly. Patent number: W O 99/32190 Inventor: T. Murdock Publication date." 1 July 1999
A process for recovering olefins from a gas stream containing olefins and hydrogen is discussed. The process involves compressing the gas stream in at least one compression stage to form a compressed gas stream, contacting the compressed gas stream with a membrane at conditions effective to obtain a permeate stream rich in hydrogen and a retentate stream depleted in hydrogen, and introducing the permeate stream into a pressure swing adsorption system at conditions effective to obtain a non-adsorbed stream rich in hydrogen and a desorbed stream comprising olefins. Patent number: W O 99/31201 Inventors: Y. Engler, G. Dupuis Publication date: 24 June 1999
Coating substrates Applicant: University of Queensland, Australia A coating is applied to a substrate using an intermediate membrane. The coating is typically conductive or semiconducting, and the substrate is typically glass. In one form, the coating is applied, in one or more layers, to a flat flexible membrane. The membrane is then placed on the substrate, and the combination is treated under controlled conditions in a heating chamber. The combination is first heated in a neutral atmosphere to cause volatisation of the sacrificial membrane, then successively in oxidising and reducing conditions to cause strong bonding between the coating and the substrate. In another form, a non-sacrificial membrane has a substrate contact surface which is physically and chemically compatible with the substrate and which, when treated either chemically or thermally, forms a bond with the substrate. Patent number." US 5916401 Inventor." R.P. Gannon Publication date: 29 June 1999
Synthesising chemicals onto supports Applicant." Glaxo Group Ltd, UK The invention covers a system and method for synthesising chemicals onto supports in a parallel manner to produce a combinatorial collection of compounds. The system includes a plurality of middle plates, each of which defines a plurality of reaction zones which are arranged in a twodimensional array. The reaction zones are adapted to receive a solid support, such as a sheet of membrane, and the middle plates are stackable on each other to form a three-dimensional array of reaction zones. The system also includes a pair of end-plates, where the end-plates include an array of fluid guides corresponding to the array of reaction zones, to allow for selective routing of reagents through the reaction zones. Patent number." W O 99/32219 Inventors: D. Campbell, V.V. Antonenko, H. Selick, R.M. Gavin, S. Ida, A. Muir Publication date: 1 July 1999
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Hydrogen gas-extraction module Applicant: Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA A hydrogen gas-extraction module includes an intermediate layer bonded between a porous metal substrate and a membrane layer that is selectively permeable to hydrogen. The metal substrate includes a substantial concentration of a first metal at the surface of the metal substrate, and the intermediate layer includes an oxide of this first metal. In one embodiment, where the module is designed to selectively extract hydrogen at high temperatures, the porous metal substrate comprises stainless steel, and the membrane layer includes palladium or a palladium/silver alloy. A method for fabricating a hydrogen gas-extraction membrane includes reacting the porous metal substrate with an oxidizing agent to form a ceramic intermediate layer on a surface of the porous metal substrate and covering the ceramic coating with the membrane layer that is selectively permeable to hydrogen. Patent number." W O 99/30806 Inventors: Y.H. Ma, P. Mardilovich, Y. She Publication date: 24 June 1999
Separating plasma from blood Applicant." Pall Corporation, USA Plasma is separated from a blood product such as SAG-M, or anti-coagulated whole blood, by flowing the blood product across a membrane. The membrane has a voids volume of greater than 50%, a pore size of less than 0.65 pm and a plasma flow rate of greater than 0.04 ml/min.cm 2 with a specified value of blood product and with a specified transmembrane pressure. The surface of the membrane contacted by the blood product has a smoothness of less than 0.5 pro. Patent number: US 5914042 Inventors: P..R. Ball, C.C. Hall, M.A.E. Boulter Publication date: 22 June 1999
Delivery of diltiazem HCI Applicant." Wockhardt Europe Ltd, Ireland A drug delivery system for diltiazem-HCl has
MembraneTechnologyNo.113
been developed. It comprises a blend of fastrelease, medium-release and slow-release fractions of a multi-layered diltiazem bead substrate. The fast release fraction is composed of a diltiazem bead substrate layered with a polymeric membrane coating. The membrane coating has a weight gain of between 14 and 18%. The medium-release fraction comprises a diltiazem bead substrate layered with a polymeric membrane coating having a membrane coating weight gain ranging from 3 9 4 3 % . The slow-release fraction has a similar structure to the other two fractions, and it has a membrane coating weight gain of 63-67%. At least one of the polymeric membrane coatings is made up of a water-insoluble, slightly permeable polymer and a plasticiser triethyl citrate. Patent number: US 5914134 Inventor: V.K. Sharma Publication date: 22 June 1999
Process for recovering olefins
Controlled drug-delivery device Applicant." Alza Corporation, USA This invention describes rate controlling membranes for controlled drug-delivery devices that are stable over time and exhibit more predictable and consistent membrane functionality. According to another aspect, the membranes have enhanced permeability. According to the invention, the rate-controlling membrane of a controlled drug-delivery device is subjected to a pre-treatment annealing process wherein it is subjected to an elevated temperature for a predetermined period, and subsequently cooled to ambient conditions before it is incorporated into a controlled drugdelivery device. Patent number." W O 99/32095 Inventors: L.W. Kleiner, R.M. Gale, G.R. Berggren, G.T. Tong, G. Chen Publication date: 1 July 1999
Applicants: L'Air Liquide, Soci&~ Anonyme
Trans-dermal delivery device
pour L'l~tude et L'Exploitation des Proc~d& Georges Claude, France, and Air Liquide America Corporation, USA
Applicant: Alza Corporation, USA An electrode assembly and a method of forming an anhydrous reservoir layer of an electrode assembly in an electro-transport trans-dermal agent delivery device are provided. The reservoir layer is adapted to be placed in agent-transmitting relation with a body surface and an electrode in electrical contact with a power source and the reservoir layer. The method includes the steps of dissolving a beneficial agent in a solvent, applying the solvent and dissolved beneficial agent to a surface of a hydrophilic polymer filtration membrane, removing the solvent from the surface of the filtration membrane, and disposing the beneficial agent/filtration membrane within the electrode assembly. Patent number: W O 99/32190 Inventor: T. Murdock Publication date." 1 July 1999
A process for recovering olefins from a gas stream containing olefins and hydrogen is discussed. The process involves compressing the gas stream in at least one compression stage to form a compressed gas stream, contacting the compressed gas stream with a membrane at conditions effective to obtain a permeate stream rich in hydrogen and a retentate stream depleted in hydrogen, and introducing the permeate stream into a pressure swing adsorption system at conditions effective to obtain a non-adsorbed stream rich in hydrogen and a desorbed stream comprising olefins. Patent number: W O 99/31201 Inventors: Y. Engler, G. Dupuis Publication date: 24 June 1999
Coating substrates Applicant: University of Queensland, Australia A coating is applied to a substrate using an intermediate membrane. The coating is typically conductive or semiconducting, and the substrate is typically glass. In one form, the coating is applied, in one or more layers, to a flat flexible membrane. The membrane is then placed on the substrate, and the combination is treated under controlled conditions in a heating chamber. The combination is first heated in a neutral atmosphere to cause volatisation of the sacrificial membrane, then successively in oxidising and reducing conditions to cause strong bonding between the coating and the substrate. In another form, a non-sacrificial membrane has a substrate contact surface which is physically and chemically compatible with the substrate and which, when treated either chemically or thermally, forms a bond with the substrate. Patent number." US 5916401 Inventor." R.P. Gannon Publication date: 29 June 1999
Synthesising chemicals onto supports Applicant." Glaxo Group Ltd, UK The invention covers a system and method for synthesising chemicals onto supports in a parallel manner to produce a combinatorial collection of compounds. The system includes a plurality of middle plates, each of which defines a plurality of reaction zones which are arranged in a twodimensional array. The reaction zones are adapted to receive a solid support, such as a sheet of membrane, and the middle plates are stackable on each other to form a three-dimensional array of reaction zones. The system also includes a pair of end-plates, where the end-plates include an array of fluid guides corresponding to the array of reaction zones, to allow for selective routing of reagents through the reaction zones. Patent number." W O 99/32219 Inventors: D. Campbell, V.V. Antonenko, H. Selick, R.M. Gavin, S. Ida, A. Muir Publication date: 1 July 1999
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