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Coccoidella perseae sp.nov. and its anamorph Colletogloeum perseae sp.nov.
Notes and brief articles 10-30 x 7-12/tm, majority pyriform or clavate with irregular apical diverticulae, few cylindric to filamentous and nodulose-diverticulate, both thinwalled, hyaline. Pleurocystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama subregular; hyphae 2-7 /lm broad, thin to slightly thick-walled, hyaline, rarely with faint, spiral thickenings, inamyloid. Pileal surface an epicutis of nodulose-diverticulate hyphae showing a rather well-developed Rameales-structure; individual elements up to 40 /lm long and up to 7/lm wide, thin-walled, hyaline, without encrusrations. Stipe tissue distinctly dextrinoid ; hyphae 2-7/lm wide, hyaline , thick-walled ; peripheral hyphae inamyloid, nodulose-diverticulate at least on one side, thin-walled, hyaline. Clamp - connexions lacking. Specimen examined: India, Kerala, Calicut University Campus, on fallen leaves in the shade of cashew trees, gregarious, 19 July 1985, P. Manimohan, HCIO-38256, holotype. .
The distinctive features of M. flexipes are (1) extremely minute basidiocarps, (2) characteristically curved, central, insititious stipe, (3) pigmentless pileus and lamellae, (4) presence of Rameales-structure on the epicutis of pileus and on the stipe surface, (5) distinctly dextrinoid stipe
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tissue, (6) absence of clamp-connexions and (7) absence of pleurocystidia. This combination of characters places it in the section Androsacei Kuhner (1933), but at the same time makes it dist inct from all other species described in that section. M. flexipes has the appearance of a representative of the section Defibulati Singer (1973) of the genus Marasmiellus Murr., especially that of Marasmiellus defibulatus Singer, but it clearl y differs from the latter in the distinctly dextrinoid hyphae of the stipe and in the reviving nature of the basidiocarps. The senior author has to thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, for financial assistance.
REFERENCES
KORNERUP, A. & WANSCHER, J. H. (1967). Methuen Handbook of Colour. znd eOO. London, U .K.: Methuen & Co. Ltd. KUHNER, R. (1933). Etudes sur Ie genre Marasmius . Le Botaniste 2S, 57-115. SINGER, R. (1973). The genera Marasmiellus. Crepidotus and S imocybe in the neotropics. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 44,1-517.
COCCOIDELLA PERSEAE SP.NOV. AND ITS ANAMORPH COLLETOGLOEUM PERSEAE SP.NOV. BY A. SIVANESAN
CAB International Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey Coccoidella perseae sp .nov. is described and illustrated on Persea from Costa Rica with its associated anamorph Colletogloeum perseae sp.nov , which is distinguished from the other species of Colletogloeumby its distinct conidia which have their apical cell tapered to a usually simple but sometimes branched, filiform, cellular appendage. Occasionally an additional appendage or very rarely another appendage may develop from any cell other than the apical cell. This is the first report of an anamorph for a Coccoidella sp. The relationship of Coccoidella with other genera is discussed. Coccoidella perseae sp .nov . (Figs 1-4) Anamorph: Colletogloeum perseae sp.nov. Ascostromata confertim aggregata, amphigena, plerumque epiphylla, superficialia, brunnea vel nigra, dispersa, 770-1200 pm lata , 220-330 pm alta, discreta ; hypostroma in mesophyllum imm ersa, usque 315 pm lata . Loculi usque 60 pm lati et 225 p m alti. OstioJum breviter papillatum. Paries loculi usque 45 pm crassa, ex cellulis atrobrunneis, crassitunicatis, textura angularis formans. Hypostroma ex cellulis extimis in hyphis sine colore vel brunneis intercellularibus, Asci cylindrici clavati , bitunicati , octospori, bre vi pedicellati, 75--90 x 12-13'5 pm. Ascosporae biseriatae, med io septatae, sine colore vel
Tran s. Br . my col. S oc. 89 (2), (1987)
pallide brunneae, guttulatae, haud velleviter constrictae, fusiformes, 30-31 x 4-4'5 pm. Pseudoparaphyses filiformes, sine colore, septatae, rarnosae , usque 3'5 pm crassae. Conidiomata acervularia, 140-560 Itm crassa, ascostroma mixta . Conidiophora simplices vel ramosa, septata, laevia vel verruculosa, brunnea, cylindrica, 12-1 7 x
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266
Notes and brief articles
Fig.
1.
Stromata of Coccoidella perseae on leaf (A, x 18; B, x 40).
plerumque simplicia, aliquando secundus vel tertius cellulis appendiculalibus ex cellulis conidia praeta apicalis evolutus. In foliis Perseae sp., San Vito, Punturenas, Costa Rica, March 1986, L.D. Gomez 24514 (IMI 3°3515) holotypus. Ascostromata densely crowded, seated on a basal stroma, amphigenous, mostly epiphyllous, brown Trans. Br. my col. Soc. 89 (2), (1987)
to black, globose, scattered, discrete, 770-1200 p,m wide, 220-330 p,m high. Hypostroma immersed in the mesophyll, up to 315 p,m wide. Ascomatal locules up to 60 p,m wide and 225 p,m tall, open by a short slightly papillate ostiole. The wall up to 45 p,m thick is composed of dark brown thickwalled cells forming a textura angularis. The cells of the hypostroma are somewhat compressed with
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Notes and brief articles A·
....
Fig.
2.
Coccoidella perseae. A, V.s stromata showing ascomata and conidiomata (arrowed) x 100; B, ascus x 650; C, ascospores x 650; D, conidia (spermatia) x 650.
the lower most cells extending into colourless to pale brown hyphae which penetrate deeply into the intercellular spaces of the mesophyll tissues. Hamathecium of pseudoparaphyses which are filiform, colourless, septate, branched, up to 3'5 pm thick. Asci cylindric-clavate, bitunicate, 8-spored, thick-walled, 75-90 x 12-13'5 pm with a short bifurcate pedicel and a fissitunicate dehiscence. Ascospores overlapping biseriate in the ascus, septate in the middle, colourless to pale brown, smooth, fusoid, not or slightly constricted Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 89 (2), (1987)
at the septum, guttulate when young, 3<:r-31 x 4-4'5 pm, may become 3 septate and brown long after discharge from the ascus. Conidiomata acervular, mixed with ascostromata, 14<:r-560 pm wide. Conidiophores simple or branched, septate, smooth to slightly verruculose, colourless to brown, 12-17 x 9-10 pm, formed from the upper cells of the pseudoparenchyma. Conidiogenous cells integrated to discrete, indeterminate, cylindrical, smooth to faintly verruculose, colour-
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268
Notes and brief articles
Fig . 3. Conidiophores and conidia of Colletogloeum perseae x 650.
Trans . Br. mycol. Soc. 89 (2), (1987)
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Notes and brief articles
25 ", m
Fig. 4. Conidiophores and conidia of Colletogloeum perseae. less or lightly pigmented, with 1-3 percurrent proliferations. Conidia holoblastic, aerogenous, cylindrical, usually simple, sometimes branched, 3-6 mostly 3-4 septate, colourless to pale brown, smooth, fusiform, straight, curved or sigmoid, guttulate when young, 5Q--90 x 4-4'5 pm, with a long apical cellular, nonstaining, usually simple but sometimes once or rarely twice branched filiform appendage up to 45 pm long, rarely a second or even a third additional app endage may develop from any cell of the conidium other than apical cell. Another type of conidioma is often found in the same stroma bearing ascostromata and this contains Tra ns, Br. myc ol. S oc, 89 (2), (1987) 10
colourless, filiform, aseptate conidia up 9 pm long and 0'5 pm wide. These are presumably the spermatial state of the fungus . Colletogloeum perseae is unlike any other Colletogloeum species in its conidial morphology and on this basis alone it may be argued that it should be described as a new genus in the Coelomycetes. However, in all other important morphological characters and in conidiogenesis it conforms with the genus . Differences alone in conidial morphology are not adequate reasons for erecting a new genus and they should not be considered as generic delimiting characters but only be treated as distinct specific characters.
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270
Of all the Coccoidella species known (Muller & Arx, 1962) this fungus is very close to C. fusispora Petrak & Ciferri (1932) described on Persea domingensis from the Dominican Republic. The ascospores in this species are slightly longer and much wider and measure 24-35 x 6-7'5 pm. In stromatal characters it is somewhat similar to C. stevensonii (Cif. & Bat.) E. Muller (Muller & Arx, 1962) and C. quercifolia Bose & E. Muller (1964) but is very distinct in ascus and ascospore characters. Coccoidella Hohnel is close to Coccoidea Henn. and differs from it by the position of the septum in the ascospores which are not distinctly apiosporous. The ascospores in Coccoidella are septate in the middle or just in the middle. Eriksson (1981) placed Coccoidea in the family Coccoideaceae; Arx & Muller (1975), Muller & Arx (1962) and Luttrell (1973) included it in the VenturiaceaejStigmataceae. As Eriksson (1981) has pointed out, many fundamental differences exist between Coccoidea and Venturia. Coccoidella has also been placed in the VenturiaceaejStigmataceae by Arx & Muller (1975) but Luttrell (1973) placed it in the Dothideaceae (= Mycosphaerellaceae; Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1985) and Barr (1979) in the Dothioraceae. Eriksson & Hawksworth (1985) accommodate it in the Coccoideaceae along with Coccoidea but with a question mark alongside it. In stroma, ascus and ascospore characters Coccoidella is close to Microcyclus Sacc., a member of the MycosphaerellaceaejDothideaceae (Arx & Muller, 1975; Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1985; Luttrell, 1973; Sivanesan, 1984) but the latter genus lacks filiform paraphyses or paraphysoids and their absence in the majority of the species in this genus is most probably due to their disintegration in the early stages of the development of the ascostroma. At least one member of the Mycosphaerellaceaej Dothideaceae, Mycosphaerella cryptica (Cooke) Hansf. has an anamorph in Colletogloeum, C. nubilosum Ganapathi & Corbin (1979). On the basis of the similar anamorph as well as in the close
resemblances in stromatic, ascus and ascospore characters between Coccoidella and M icrocyclus, the validity of keeping Coccoidella in a separate family Coccoidaeceae based only on the presence of pseudoparaphyses is questionable. However a decision about their relative positions should await further discoveries of the anamorphs for other Coccoidella species. I am grateful to the Curator of the Herbarium of BPI for lending the holotype specimen of Coccoidella fusispora for examination. Miss G. Godwin and Mrs J. Woodhams are gratefully acknowledged for their help in photography and technical assistance respectively.
REFERENCES
ARX, J. A. VON & MULLER, E. (1975). A re-evaluation of the Bitunicate Ascomycetes with keys to families and genera. Studies in Mycology 9, 1-159. BARR, M. E. (1979). A classification of Loculoascomycetes. Mycologia 71, 935-957. BOSE, S. K. & MULLER, E. (1964). Central Himalayan Fungi - 1. Indian Phytopathology 17, 3-22. ERIKSSON, O. (1981). The families of bitunicate Ascomycetes. Opera Botanica 60, 1-220. ERIKSSON, O. & HAWKSWORTH, D. L. (1985). Outline of the Ascomycetes - 1985. Systema Ascomycetum 4, 1-79· GANAPATHI, A. & CORBIN, J. B. (1979). Colletogloeum nubilosum sp.nov., the imperfect state of Mycosphaerella nubilosa on Eucalyptus in New Zealand. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 72, 237-244. LUTTRELL, E. S. (1973). Loculoascomycetes. In The Fungi IVA (ed. G. C. Ainsworth, F. K. Sparrow & A. S. Sussman), pp. 135-219. New York and London: Academic Press. MULLER, E. & ARX, J. A. VON (1962). Die Gattungen der didymosporen Pyrenomyceten. Beitriige zur Kryptogamenfiora der Schweiz 11, 1-922. PETRAK, F. & CIFERRI, R. (1932). Fungi dominicani II. Annales Mycologici 30, 149-353. SIVANESAN, A. (1984). The Bitunicate Ascomycetes and their Anamorphs. Germany: Strauss & Cramer.
PALIPHORA POROSA SP.NOV. ON LEAF LITTER FROM MALAYSIA BY A. J. KUTHUBUTHEEN Department of Botany, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Paliphora porosa sp.nov. producing hyaline, septate, cylindrical conidia from tretic loci is described. Blastophorella Boedijn and Paliphora Sivanesan & Sutton are the only genera hitherto described in which hyaline conidia are formed from tretic loci. Trans. Br. my col. Soc. 89 (2), (1987)
In Blastophorella the conidiogenous cell is brown, clavate and polytretic and the loci are concentrated in the upper part of the conidiogenous cell (Ellis,
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The distinctive features of M. flexipes are (1) extremely minute basidiocarps, (2) characteristically curved, central, insititious stipe, (3) pigmentless pileus and lamellae, (4) presence of Rameales-structure on the epicutis of pileus and on the stipe surface, (5) distinctly dextrinoid stipe
265
tissue, (6) absence of clamp-connexions and (7) absence of pleurocystidia. This combination of characters places it in the section Androsacei Kuhner (1933), but at the same time makes it dist inct from all other species described in that section. M. flexipes has the appearance of a representative of the section Defibulati Singer (1973) of the genus Marasmiellus Murr., especially that of Marasmiellus defibulatus Singer, but it clearl y differs from the latter in the distinctly dextrinoid hyphae of the stipe and in the reviving nature of the basidiocarps. The senior author has to thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, for financial assistance.
REFERENCES
KORNERUP, A. & WANSCHER, J. H. (1967). Methuen Handbook of Colour. znd eOO. London, U .K.: Methuen & Co. Ltd. KUHNER, R. (1933). Etudes sur Ie genre Marasmius . Le Botaniste 2S, 57-115. SINGER, R. (1973). The genera Marasmiellus. Crepidotus and S imocybe in the neotropics. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 44,1-517.
COCCOIDELLA PERSEAE SP.NOV. AND ITS ANAMORPH COLLETOGLOEUM PERSEAE SP.NOV. BY A. SIVANESAN
CAB International Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey Coccoidella perseae sp .nov. is described and illustrated on Persea from Costa Rica with its associated anamorph Colletogloeum perseae sp.nov , which is distinguished from the other species of Colletogloeumby its distinct conidia which have their apical cell tapered to a usually simple but sometimes branched, filiform, cellular appendage. Occasionally an additional appendage or very rarely another appendage may develop from any cell other than the apical cell. This is the first report of an anamorph for a Coccoidella sp. The relationship of Coccoidella with other genera is discussed. Coccoidella perseae sp .nov . (Figs 1-4) Anamorph: Colletogloeum perseae sp.nov. Ascostromata confertim aggregata, amphigena, plerumque epiphylla, superficialia, brunnea vel nigra, dispersa, 770-1200 pm lata , 220-330 pm alta, discreta ; hypostroma in mesophyllum imm ersa, usque 315 pm lata . Loculi usque 60 pm lati et 225 p m alti. OstioJum breviter papillatum. Paries loculi usque 45 pm crassa, ex cellulis atrobrunneis, crassitunicatis, textura angularis formans. Hypostroma ex cellulis extimis in hyphis sine colore vel brunneis intercellularibus, Asci cylindrici clavati , bitunicati , octospori, bre vi pedicellati, 75--90 x 12-13'5 pm. Ascosporae biseriatae, med io septatae, sine colore vel
Tran s. Br . my col. S oc. 89 (2), (1987)
pallide brunneae, guttulatae, haud velleviter constrictae, fusiformes, 30-31 x 4-4'5 pm. Pseudoparaphyses filiformes, sine colore, septatae, rarnosae , usque 3'5 pm crassae. Conidiomata acervularia, 140-560 Itm crassa, ascostroma mixta . Conidiophora simplices vel ramosa, septata, laevia vel verruculosa, brunnea, cylindrica, 12-1 7 x
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266
Notes and brief articles
Fig.
1.
Stromata of Coccoidella perseae on leaf (A, x 18; B, x 40).
plerumque simplicia, aliquando secundus vel tertius cellulis appendiculalibus ex cellulis conidia praeta apicalis evolutus. In foliis Perseae sp., San Vito, Punturenas, Costa Rica, March 1986, L.D. Gomez 24514 (IMI 3°3515) holotypus. Ascostromata densely crowded, seated on a basal stroma, amphigenous, mostly epiphyllous, brown Trans. Br. my col. Soc. 89 (2), (1987)
to black, globose, scattered, discrete, 770-1200 p,m wide, 220-330 p,m high. Hypostroma immersed in the mesophyll, up to 315 p,m wide. Ascomatal locules up to 60 p,m wide and 225 p,m tall, open by a short slightly papillate ostiole. The wall up to 45 p,m thick is composed of dark brown thickwalled cells forming a textura angularis. The cells of the hypostroma are somewhat compressed with
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Notes and brief articles A·
....
Fig.
2.
Coccoidella perseae. A, V.s stromata showing ascomata and conidiomata (arrowed) x 100; B, ascus x 650; C, ascospores x 650; D, conidia (spermatia) x 650.
the lower most cells extending into colourless to pale brown hyphae which penetrate deeply into the intercellular spaces of the mesophyll tissues. Hamathecium of pseudoparaphyses which are filiform, colourless, septate, branched, up to 3'5 pm thick. Asci cylindric-clavate, bitunicate, 8-spored, thick-walled, 75-90 x 12-13'5 pm with a short bifurcate pedicel and a fissitunicate dehiscence. Ascospores overlapping biseriate in the ascus, septate in the middle, colourless to pale brown, smooth, fusoid, not or slightly constricted Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 89 (2), (1987)
at the septum, guttulate when young, 3<:r-31 x 4-4'5 pm, may become 3 septate and brown long after discharge from the ascus. Conidiomata acervular, mixed with ascostromata, 14<:r-560 pm wide. Conidiophores simple or branched, septate, smooth to slightly verruculose, colourless to brown, 12-17 x 9-10 pm, formed from the upper cells of the pseudoparenchyma. Conidiogenous cells integrated to discrete, indeterminate, cylindrical, smooth to faintly verruculose, colour-
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268
Notes and brief articles
Fig . 3. Conidiophores and conidia of Colletogloeum perseae x 650.
Trans . Br. mycol. Soc. 89 (2), (1987)
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Notes and brief articles
25 ", m
Fig. 4. Conidiophores and conidia of Colletogloeum perseae. less or lightly pigmented, with 1-3 percurrent proliferations. Conidia holoblastic, aerogenous, cylindrical, usually simple, sometimes branched, 3-6 mostly 3-4 septate, colourless to pale brown, smooth, fusiform, straight, curved or sigmoid, guttulate when young, 5Q--90 x 4-4'5 pm, with a long apical cellular, nonstaining, usually simple but sometimes once or rarely twice branched filiform appendage up to 45 pm long, rarely a second or even a third additional app endage may develop from any cell of the conidium other than apical cell. Another type of conidioma is often found in the same stroma bearing ascostromata and this contains Tra ns, Br. myc ol. S oc, 89 (2), (1987) 10
colourless, filiform, aseptate conidia up 9 pm long and 0'5 pm wide. These are presumably the spermatial state of the fungus . Colletogloeum perseae is unlike any other Colletogloeum species in its conidial morphology and on this basis alone it may be argued that it should be described as a new genus in the Coelomycetes. However, in all other important morphological characters and in conidiogenesis it conforms with the genus . Differences alone in conidial morphology are not adequate reasons for erecting a new genus and they should not be considered as generic delimiting characters but only be treated as distinct specific characters.
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270
Of all the Coccoidella species known (Muller & Arx, 1962) this fungus is very close to C. fusispora Petrak & Ciferri (1932) described on Persea domingensis from the Dominican Republic. The ascospores in this species are slightly longer and much wider and measure 24-35 x 6-7'5 pm. In stromatal characters it is somewhat similar to C. stevensonii (Cif. & Bat.) E. Muller (Muller & Arx, 1962) and C. quercifolia Bose & E. Muller (1964) but is very distinct in ascus and ascospore characters. Coccoidella Hohnel is close to Coccoidea Henn. and differs from it by the position of the septum in the ascospores which are not distinctly apiosporous. The ascospores in Coccoidella are septate in the middle or just in the middle. Eriksson (1981) placed Coccoidea in the family Coccoideaceae; Arx & Muller (1975), Muller & Arx (1962) and Luttrell (1973) included it in the VenturiaceaejStigmataceae. As Eriksson (1981) has pointed out, many fundamental differences exist between Coccoidea and Venturia. Coccoidella has also been placed in the VenturiaceaejStigmataceae by Arx & Muller (1975) but Luttrell (1973) placed it in the Dothideaceae (= Mycosphaerellaceae; Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1985) and Barr (1979) in the Dothioraceae. Eriksson & Hawksworth (1985) accommodate it in the Coccoideaceae along with Coccoidea but with a question mark alongside it. In stroma, ascus and ascospore characters Coccoidella is close to Microcyclus Sacc., a member of the MycosphaerellaceaejDothideaceae (Arx & Muller, 1975; Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1985; Luttrell, 1973; Sivanesan, 1984) but the latter genus lacks filiform paraphyses or paraphysoids and their absence in the majority of the species in this genus is most probably due to their disintegration in the early stages of the development of the ascostroma. At least one member of the Mycosphaerellaceaej Dothideaceae, Mycosphaerella cryptica (Cooke) Hansf. has an anamorph in Colletogloeum, C. nubilosum Ganapathi & Corbin (1979). On the basis of the similar anamorph as well as in the close
resemblances in stromatic, ascus and ascospore characters between Coccoidella and M icrocyclus, the validity of keeping Coccoidella in a separate family Coccoidaeceae based only on the presence of pseudoparaphyses is questionable. However a decision about their relative positions should await further discoveries of the anamorphs for other Coccoidella species. I am grateful to the Curator of the Herbarium of BPI for lending the holotype specimen of Coccoidella fusispora for examination. Miss G. Godwin and Mrs J. Woodhams are gratefully acknowledged for their help in photography and technical assistance respectively.
REFERENCES
ARX, J. A. VON & MULLER, E. (1975). A re-evaluation of the Bitunicate Ascomycetes with keys to families and genera. Studies in Mycology 9, 1-159. BARR, M. E. (1979). A classification of Loculoascomycetes. Mycologia 71, 935-957. BOSE, S. K. & MULLER, E. (1964). Central Himalayan Fungi - 1. Indian Phytopathology 17, 3-22. ERIKSSON, O. (1981). The families of bitunicate Ascomycetes. Opera Botanica 60, 1-220. ERIKSSON, O. & HAWKSWORTH, D. L. (1985). Outline of the Ascomycetes - 1985. Systema Ascomycetum 4, 1-79· GANAPATHI, A. & CORBIN, J. B. (1979). Colletogloeum nubilosum sp.nov., the imperfect state of Mycosphaerella nubilosa on Eucalyptus in New Zealand. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 72, 237-244. LUTTRELL, E. S. (1973). Loculoascomycetes. In The Fungi IVA (ed. G. C. Ainsworth, F. K. Sparrow & A. S. Sussman), pp. 135-219. New York and London: Academic Press. MULLER, E. & ARX, J. A. VON (1962). Die Gattungen der didymosporen Pyrenomyceten. Beitriige zur Kryptogamenfiora der Schweiz 11, 1-922. PETRAK, F. & CIFERRI, R. (1932). Fungi dominicani II. Annales Mycologici 30, 149-353. SIVANESAN, A. (1984). The Bitunicate Ascomycetes and their Anamorphs. Germany: Strauss & Cramer.
PALIPHORA POROSA SP.NOV. ON LEAF LITTER FROM MALAYSIA BY A. J. KUTHUBUTHEEN Department of Botany, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Paliphora porosa sp.nov. producing hyaline, septate, cylindrical conidia from tretic loci is described. Blastophorella Boedijn and Paliphora Sivanesan & Sutton are the only genera hitherto described in which hyaline conidia are formed from tretic loci. Trans. Br. my col. Soc. 89 (2), (1987)
In Blastophorella the conidiogenous cell is brown, clavate and polytretic and the loci are concentrated in the upper part of the conidiogenous cell (Ellis,
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