- Email: [email protected]
Coconut water as storage medium
Clinical Significance.—Subantimicrobial dose, 20 mg bid, of doxycycline has been shown to enhance the effects of SRP. In this study, dosage was adjusted to 40 mg mid with significant improvement in the parameters of periodontal disease and no changes in microbiologic flora or bacterial resistance to doxycycline. Additionally, single-daily dosing enhanced compliance.
Preshaw PM, Novak MJ, Mellonig J, et al: Modified-release subantimicrobial dose doxycycline enhances scaling and root planing in subjects with periodontal disease. J Periodontol 79:440-452, 2008 Reprints available from PM Preshaw, Dept of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle Univ, Framlington Pl, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK; fax: 44-0191-232-5144; e-mail: [email protected]
Coconut water as storage medium Background.—In avulsion injuries the tooth is completely displaced from its alveolar socket, severely compromising the neurovascular supply and often leading to loss of pulp vitality. Emergency measures are aimed at preserving the vitality of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells that remain attached to the root surface until treatment can be done, hopefully with reattachment of the PDL. Immediate reimplantation is ideal, but often not possible. Instead the tooth is often stored in a medium to maintain PDL cell viability until reimplantation can be attempted. Among the storage media used are tap water, saliva, saline solution, milk, culture media, Viaspan, and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). The coconut has been called the ‘‘tree of life’’ and contains coconut water. This natural liquid is produced and hermetically sealed within the coconut, safe from contamination. Its electrolyte composition is more like that of intracellular fluid than is the composition of extracellular plasma. The cations occurring most are potassium, calcium, and magnesium; lesser concentrations of sodium, chloride, and phosphate are also present. Coconut is hypotonic and more acidic that plasma. Its specific gravity is about 1.020, which is similar to that of blood plasma. Glucose and fructose contribute to its high osmolarity. Among its many essential amino acids are lysine, cystine, phenylalanine, histidine, and tryptophan. Coconut water is biologically pure and helps to replace fluids, electrolytes, and sugars. Its use as a blood plasma substitute is successful because it is sterile and readily accepted into the human body. Coconut water has not been previously suggested as a storage medium for avulsed teeth. Its efficacy was compared to that of traditional storage media with respect to maintaining the vitality of PDL cells. Methods.—The 55 human teeth were without significant periodontal disease or extensive caries and had been extracted as atraumatically as possible. Three experimental storage solution groups were formed: group 1, coconut water; group 2, HBSS; and group 3, milk. Five samples each were placed in a positive and negative control group.
56
Dental Abstracts
The experimental groups underwent 30 minutes of drying, then 45 minutes of immersion in the assigned solution. The positive control teeth were not dried or stored but were immediately treated with dispase and collagenase. The negative control teeth were bench dried for 8 hours before treatment with dispase and collagenase. The number of viable cells were counted using a hemocytometer. Results.—The coconut water group had the highest number of viable PDL cells, then the HBSS samples and the milk samples. The difference between the coconut water samples and the others was significant, as was the difference between the HBSS and milk samples. The experimental groups all showed significantly fewer viable PDL cells than the positive control group and significantly more than the negative control group. Discussion.—Coconut water proved better at maintaining the viability of PDL cells on extracted teeth than either HBSS or milk.
Clinical Significance.—Various solutions have been suggested to preserve the vitality of periodontal ligament cells pending reimplantation of traumatically avulsed teeth. Coconut water, an apparently ideal physiologic medium, maintained the vitality of more cells in this in vivo study than the other contenders.
Gopikrishna V, Thomas T, Kandaswamy D: A quantitative analysis of coconut water: A new storage media for avulsed teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 105:e61-e65, 2008 Reprints available from V Gopikrishna, Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Alapakkam Main Rd, Maduravoyal, Chennai – 600 095, India; e-mail: [email protected]
Preshaw PM, Novak MJ, Mellonig J, et al: Modified-release subantimicrobial dose doxycycline enhances scaling and root planing in subjects with periodontal disease. J Periodontol 79:440-452, 2008 Reprints available from PM Preshaw, Dept of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle Univ, Framlington Pl, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK; fax: 44-0191-232-5144; e-mail: [email protected]
Coconut water as storage medium Background.—In avulsion injuries the tooth is completely displaced from its alveolar socket, severely compromising the neurovascular supply and often leading to loss of pulp vitality. Emergency measures are aimed at preserving the vitality of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells that remain attached to the root surface until treatment can be done, hopefully with reattachment of the PDL. Immediate reimplantation is ideal, but often not possible. Instead the tooth is often stored in a medium to maintain PDL cell viability until reimplantation can be attempted. Among the storage media used are tap water, saliva, saline solution, milk, culture media, Viaspan, and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). The coconut has been called the ‘‘tree of life’’ and contains coconut water. This natural liquid is produced and hermetically sealed within the coconut, safe from contamination. Its electrolyte composition is more like that of intracellular fluid than is the composition of extracellular plasma. The cations occurring most are potassium, calcium, and magnesium; lesser concentrations of sodium, chloride, and phosphate are also present. Coconut is hypotonic and more acidic that plasma. Its specific gravity is about 1.020, which is similar to that of blood plasma. Glucose and fructose contribute to its high osmolarity. Among its many essential amino acids are lysine, cystine, phenylalanine, histidine, and tryptophan. Coconut water is biologically pure and helps to replace fluids, electrolytes, and sugars. Its use as a blood plasma substitute is successful because it is sterile and readily accepted into the human body. Coconut water has not been previously suggested as a storage medium for avulsed teeth. Its efficacy was compared to that of traditional storage media with respect to maintaining the vitality of PDL cells. Methods.—The 55 human teeth were without significant periodontal disease or extensive caries and had been extracted as atraumatically as possible. Three experimental storage solution groups were formed: group 1, coconut water; group 2, HBSS; and group 3, milk. Five samples each were placed in a positive and negative control group.
56
Dental Abstracts
The experimental groups underwent 30 minutes of drying, then 45 minutes of immersion in the assigned solution. The positive control teeth were not dried or stored but were immediately treated with dispase and collagenase. The negative control teeth were bench dried for 8 hours before treatment with dispase and collagenase. The number of viable cells were counted using a hemocytometer. Results.—The coconut water group had the highest number of viable PDL cells, then the HBSS samples and the milk samples. The difference between the coconut water samples and the others was significant, as was the difference between the HBSS and milk samples. The experimental groups all showed significantly fewer viable PDL cells than the positive control group and significantly more than the negative control group. Discussion.—Coconut water proved better at maintaining the viability of PDL cells on extracted teeth than either HBSS or milk.
Clinical Significance.—Various solutions have been suggested to preserve the vitality of periodontal ligament cells pending reimplantation of traumatically avulsed teeth. Coconut water, an apparently ideal physiologic medium, maintained the vitality of more cells in this in vivo study than the other contenders.
Gopikrishna V, Thomas T, Kandaswamy D: A quantitative analysis of coconut water: A new storage media for avulsed teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 105:e61-e65, 2008 Reprints available from V Gopikrishna, Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Alapakkam Main Rd, Maduravoyal, Chennai – 600 095, India; e-mail: [email protected]