- Email: [email protected]
Coevolution of parasitic arthropods and mammals
230 In community programmes however, it is important to bear in mind 1J~atfish can have a deleterious effect on drinking water, and are generally unsuitable for control of mosquitoes that breed in small containers. In some countries where communities are actively involved in mosquito control using fish, fishery development programmes have been started growing fish both for consumption and for ~liza~on as predators of mosquito larvae in various water bodies. Cichlid fishes such as Oreochromis mossambicus, O. niclot/cus and O. spilurus have proved suitable for this approach in programmes in Indonesia, Malaysi& Sudan and Somalia 12 Because of the edible value and the high larvivorous potential of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio var communis) the grass carp (Ct. idella) and the major carp (Catla carla) a composite fish culture has been introduced with community involvement and government support for mosquito larval control in ponds in rural areas of Pondicherry, India2L
Acknowledgement:We thank the WHO for financialsupport for our studies. Mervyn Wickramasinghe is an Entomologist with the Anti-Malaria Campaign, Narahenpita, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. Henry Costa is Professor of Zoology at the University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka,
I World Health Organization (1980) Fifth report of the WHO expert committee on vector biology and control, Technicalreport series No. 655,
82 pp. 2 World Health Organization(1976) Twentysecond report of the WHO expert committee on insecticides. Technical report series No. 585,
88 pp. 3 World HealthOrganization(I 982)Sixthreport of the WHO expert committee on vector biology and control. Technicalreport series No. 679,
39 pp. 4 World HealthOrganization(I 975) Manual on practical entomology in malaria, Part I. WHO Geneva, 160pp. 5 World Health Organization(1981) Informal consultation on the use offish for mosquito control. TDR/BCV/ICMC/81,3 and WHONBC/
82.838(WHO unpublisheddocument) 6 Gerberich,J.B.andLaird,M.(1966)WHO/EBL/ 66.71 and WHO/MAIJ66,562 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 7 Gerberich, J.B. (1971) WHONBCI71.319 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 8 Gerberich, J.B. (1985) WHONBC/85.917 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 9 Yu, H.S.,Yun,Y.H.andLee,D.IC(I 979)Korean J. Entemol. 9, 49 10 Costa, H,H. and Fernando, E.F.W. (1977) WHONBC/T/,665 (WHO unpublisheddocument) I I Wickramasinghe,M,B.(1984)Thesis,University ofKelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 202 pp. 12 George,T,T. (1982)AssignmentReport,National An'0-MalariaService,Somalia,EM/MAU 188, EM/VBC/36 and EIvVSOM/MPD/001 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 13 Ungureanu, E., Pull, JH. and Pal, R, (1981)
Parasitology Today, vol. 2, no. 8, 1986
WHO/MAL/81.974 and WHONBC/81,816 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 14 Everhart,W.H., Eipper,A.W. andYongs,W.D. (1975) Principles of Fishery Science, 288 pp, CornellUniversttyPress,London 15 Ahmed, W., Washino, FLK.and Geike, P.A. (1970) Proc. California Mosquito Control Assoc. 38, 95-97 16 Takahashi, R.M. and Muira, T. (1975) Proc. California Mosquito Control Assoc.43, 85-86 17 Muira,T. and Takahashi,R.M (1973)J. Econ.
OK / VlEWS Coevolution of Parasitic Arthropods and Mammals edited by Ke Chung Kim, John Wiley & SonsLtd, 1986. £71.55
ISBN 0 471085464 Arthropods parasitic on mammals have received considerable attention from researchers over the years, because of their role as disease vectors and irritants. Despite their practical importance, or perhaps because of it, few scientists have made more fundamental, evolutionary studies of the development and diversification of these parasitic groups. Taxonomists were amongst the first to recognize the value of these arthropod taxa in the study of evolutionary processes. They identified similarities between the apparent phylogenies of parasites and those of their hosts, a phenomenon so widespread that it suggested general 'rules' of host-parasite coevolution. More recently, ecologists and evolutionary biologists have focused more closely on interactions between parasites and hosts, and how they affect parasite behaviour, distribution and life history patterns. This book presents an impressively comprehensive survey of host-parasite coevolution for those insects and acarines which live in close association with the bodies of their hosts- primarily lice, fleas, mites and ticks. The more freeliving bloodsucking insects, such as many Diptera (e.g. mosquitoes and blackflies) and some Hemiptera (Triatominae and cimicid bed-bugs) are not considered. Their exclusion certainly makes it more easy to concentrate on the evolutionary problems unique to and shared by taxa living on the surface of mammals, and has a precedent in Adrian Marshall's excellent recent textbook, The Ecology o f Ectoparasitic Insects ( 198 I, Academic Press). Readers looking for a general text on the evolutionary ecology of parasitic
Entomol. 66, 917-922 18 Mathias, H.L (1972) WHONBC/72.401 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 19 Hanna,G.D.(I 980)Graduate Group in Ecology, California University, Davis, 138pp 20 Davey,R.B,and Meisch,M,V,(1977)Moscluito News, 37, 258-262 21 Panicker,K.N. et al. (I 985) Ind.J. Mad, Res. 82, 517-520 22 Parenti,L.R. (1981) Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. N.Y. 168,341-547
arthropods should therefore be aware that this book looks at just some such interactions, and only at some kinds of hosts. However, it is orginal in considering both insects and acarines, and the comparison afforded between these groups is one of the most exciting and rewarding aspects of this book. This is not the usual multi-authored symposium volume of loosely related papers. Under the impressive editorship of Professor Ke Chung Kim, and with useful introductory and summary chapters from him, this volume presents a sedes of consistently detailed and authoritative reviews of specific taxa by world authorities. Chapters have excellent conclusion and summary sections which allow swift grasp of their analyses. Each chapter tackles the questions of how the parasitic lifestyle arose in a pa~cular taxon and how it developed and diversified on mammals- often in parallel with host evolution. Evolutionary patterns are constructed by the identification of relatively more primitive and relatively more advanced taxa on the basis of morphology, host relations and life history. In this process, the concepts of coevolution, parasitism and symbiosis receive a thought-provoking range of interpretations. In addition to these macroevolutionary patterns, striking patterns of microevotution are also discussed, perhaps best exemplified in the diversification of structures (e.g. combs, hooks and hairs) which facilitate attachment to particular paris of partJcular host species. This book will be a fascinating source of information for the study of parasite evolution for years to come. Indeed, for those wishing to speculate on broad patterns of parasite evolution, there are useful summary lists of parasite genera associated with particular hosts, and of the host taxa utilized by particular parasite groups. For medical and veterinary entomologists, the evolutionary perspective provided in this book will give an exciting new insight into even the most practical aspects of parasite biology.
J.K.Wm~,e ImpedalCollegeat 5 i 1 ~ Park Ascot,BerkshireSL57PY,UK
Acknowledgement:We thank the WHO for financialsupport for our studies. Mervyn Wickramasinghe is an Entomologist with the Anti-Malaria Campaign, Narahenpita, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. Henry Costa is Professor of Zoology at the University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka,
I World Health Organization (1980) Fifth report of the WHO expert committee on vector biology and control, Technicalreport series No. 655,
82 pp. 2 World Health Organization(1976) Twentysecond report of the WHO expert committee on insecticides. Technical report series No. 585,
88 pp. 3 World HealthOrganization(I 982)Sixthreport of the WHO expert committee on vector biology and control. Technicalreport series No. 679,
39 pp. 4 World HealthOrganization(I 975) Manual on practical entomology in malaria, Part I. WHO Geneva, 160pp. 5 World Health Organization(1981) Informal consultation on the use offish for mosquito control. TDR/BCV/ICMC/81,3 and WHONBC/
82.838(WHO unpublisheddocument) 6 Gerberich,J.B.andLaird,M.(1966)WHO/EBL/ 66.71 and WHO/MAIJ66,562 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 7 Gerberich, J.B. (1971) WHONBCI71.319 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 8 Gerberich, J.B. (1985) WHONBC/85.917 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 9 Yu, H.S.,Yun,Y.H.andLee,D.IC(I 979)Korean J. Entemol. 9, 49 10 Costa, H,H. and Fernando, E.F.W. (1977) WHONBC/T/,665 (WHO unpublisheddocument) I I Wickramasinghe,M,B.(1984)Thesis,University ofKelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 202 pp. 12 George,T,T. (1982)AssignmentReport,National An'0-MalariaService,Somalia,EM/MAU 188, EM/VBC/36 and EIvVSOM/MPD/001 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 13 Ungureanu, E., Pull, JH. and Pal, R, (1981)
Parasitology Today, vol. 2, no. 8, 1986
WHO/MAL/81.974 and WHONBC/81,816 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 14 Everhart,W.H., Eipper,A.W. andYongs,W.D. (1975) Principles of Fishery Science, 288 pp, CornellUniversttyPress,London 15 Ahmed, W., Washino, FLK.and Geike, P.A. (1970) Proc. California Mosquito Control Assoc. 38, 95-97 16 Takahashi, R.M. and Muira, T. (1975) Proc. California Mosquito Control Assoc.43, 85-86 17 Muira,T. and Takahashi,R.M (1973)J. Econ.
OK / VlEWS Coevolution of Parasitic Arthropods and Mammals edited by Ke Chung Kim, John Wiley & SonsLtd, 1986. £71.55
ISBN 0 471085464 Arthropods parasitic on mammals have received considerable attention from researchers over the years, because of their role as disease vectors and irritants. Despite their practical importance, or perhaps because of it, few scientists have made more fundamental, evolutionary studies of the development and diversification of these parasitic groups. Taxonomists were amongst the first to recognize the value of these arthropod taxa in the study of evolutionary processes. They identified similarities between the apparent phylogenies of parasites and those of their hosts, a phenomenon so widespread that it suggested general 'rules' of host-parasite coevolution. More recently, ecologists and evolutionary biologists have focused more closely on interactions between parasites and hosts, and how they affect parasite behaviour, distribution and life history patterns. This book presents an impressively comprehensive survey of host-parasite coevolution for those insects and acarines which live in close association with the bodies of their hosts- primarily lice, fleas, mites and ticks. The more freeliving bloodsucking insects, such as many Diptera (e.g. mosquitoes and blackflies) and some Hemiptera (Triatominae and cimicid bed-bugs) are not considered. Their exclusion certainly makes it more easy to concentrate on the evolutionary problems unique to and shared by taxa living on the surface of mammals, and has a precedent in Adrian Marshall's excellent recent textbook, The Ecology o f Ectoparasitic Insects ( 198 I, Academic Press). Readers looking for a general text on the evolutionary ecology of parasitic
Entomol. 66, 917-922 18 Mathias, H.L (1972) WHONBC/72.401 (WHO unpublisheddocument) 19 Hanna,G.D.(I 980)Graduate Group in Ecology, California University, Davis, 138pp 20 Davey,R.B,and Meisch,M,V,(1977)Moscluito News, 37, 258-262 21 Panicker,K.N. et al. (I 985) Ind.J. Mad, Res. 82, 517-520 22 Parenti,L.R. (1981) Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. N.Y. 168,341-547
arthropods should therefore be aware that this book looks at just some such interactions, and only at some kinds of hosts. However, it is orginal in considering both insects and acarines, and the comparison afforded between these groups is one of the most exciting and rewarding aspects of this book. This is not the usual multi-authored symposium volume of loosely related papers. Under the impressive editorship of Professor Ke Chung Kim, and with useful introductory and summary chapters from him, this volume presents a sedes of consistently detailed and authoritative reviews of specific taxa by world authorities. Chapters have excellent conclusion and summary sections which allow swift grasp of their analyses. Each chapter tackles the questions of how the parasitic lifestyle arose in a pa~cular taxon and how it developed and diversified on mammals- often in parallel with host evolution. Evolutionary patterns are constructed by the identification of relatively more primitive and relatively more advanced taxa on the basis of morphology, host relations and life history. In this process, the concepts of coevolution, parasitism and symbiosis receive a thought-provoking range of interpretations. In addition to these macroevolutionary patterns, striking patterns of microevotution are also discussed, perhaps best exemplified in the diversification of structures (e.g. combs, hooks and hairs) which facilitate attachment to particular paris of partJcular host species. This book will be a fascinating source of information for the study of parasite evolution for years to come. Indeed, for those wishing to speculate on broad patterns of parasite evolution, there are useful summary lists of parasite genera associated with particular hosts, and of the host taxa utilized by particular parasite groups. For medical and veterinary entomologists, the evolutionary perspective provided in this book will give an exciting new insight into even the most practical aspects of parasite biology.
J.K.Wm~,e ImpedalCollegeat 5 i 1 ~ Park Ascot,BerkshireSL57PY,UK