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Cognitive functioning in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to mild alzheimer disease and normal control subjects
412
Abstracts of 15th Annual Meeting
Kozora, E°, Julian, L. J., Filley, C., & Cullum, C. M. Cognitive Functioning in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Compared to Mild Alzheimer Disease and Normal Control Subjects. A variety of cognitive deficits have been documented in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (Grant et al., 1982; Krop et al., 1977; Prigatano et al., 1983), but few studies have compared COPD patients to other neurological groups. In this study several cognitive test results from 32 COPD subjects with negative neurological histories (mean age = 70.3, mean education = 13.2) were compared to 31 mild Alzheimer disease (AD) and 31 normal control (NC) subjects similar in age, education and gender. All subjects were administered Logical Memory, Visual Reproduction, Digit Span and Verbal Paired Associates subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scales-Revised; Trail Making Test; Controlled Oral Word Association Test; Animal Naming Test; and a 15-item version of the Boston Naming Test. A MANOVA was significant, and as expected, post hoc analyses indicated that the AD patients performed significantly worse than NCs and COPD patients on most tests. There were no differences, however, between COPD and AD groups on letter fluency and digit span (forward or backward) and both performed below NCs. Prior research had suggested similarities between these groups in terms of auditory attention (Incalzi et al., 1993), but similar decrements in letter fluency have not been reported. Although the COPD patients performed significantly worse than NCs on two tests (verbal fluency and digit span), they were not in the clinically impaired range. This suggests that COPD without neurological complications is not necessarily associated with widespread cognitive dysfunction. When present, the cognitive difficulties secondary to COPD appear quite distinct from those seen in the early stages of AD. Clinically, this suggests that any cognitive dysfunction detected in COPD patients may warrant additional neurological evaluation.
Krengel, M. H., Cyrus, P. A., White, R. F., & Ladany, N. Longitudinal Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. This longitudinal study tracked the neuropsychological performance of 10 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) who were not globally cognitively impaired. Patients were initially evaluated with a complete battery of neuropsychological tests during the early motor stages of PD, as measured by the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Patients were followed over time (approximately 5 years) and periodic repeat neuropsychological evaluations were completed. Most patients progressed to a more advance motor stage over time. None of the patients were considered to be globally cognitively impaired as measured by scores on a Mini-mental state examination. Subjects' scores on five tests were compared over time using a repeated measures analysis of variance for each test. It was found that patients' scores on visuospatial tasks declined over time. In addition, spontaneous retrieval of newly learned verbal and nonverbal information was significantly more impaired as the disease progressed from early to later motor stage. Lastly, it appeared that PD patients in later stages were more depressed on a mood scale. The findings are consistent with what has been found cross-sectionally. Cognitive changes occur in patients with PD, these changes progress over time even in the absence of global dementia. Potential intervening variables, such as symptom duration and age at onset, will be discussed.
Krengel, M. H., Mori, D. L., & Klein, W. Cognitive Differences Between High Risk and Low Risk Renal Transplant Candidates. Transplant is commonly thought of as the optimal treatment for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the demand for renal transplant far exceeds the number of kidneys that are donated each year. Currently, there are over 23,000 people in the United States
Abstracts of 15th Annual Meeting
Kozora, E°, Julian, L. J., Filley, C., & Cullum, C. M. Cognitive Functioning in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Compared to Mild Alzheimer Disease and Normal Control Subjects. A variety of cognitive deficits have been documented in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (Grant et al., 1982; Krop et al., 1977; Prigatano et al., 1983), but few studies have compared COPD patients to other neurological groups. In this study several cognitive test results from 32 COPD subjects with negative neurological histories (mean age = 70.3, mean education = 13.2) were compared to 31 mild Alzheimer disease (AD) and 31 normal control (NC) subjects similar in age, education and gender. All subjects were administered Logical Memory, Visual Reproduction, Digit Span and Verbal Paired Associates subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scales-Revised; Trail Making Test; Controlled Oral Word Association Test; Animal Naming Test; and a 15-item version of the Boston Naming Test. A MANOVA was significant, and as expected, post hoc analyses indicated that the AD patients performed significantly worse than NCs and COPD patients on most tests. There were no differences, however, between COPD and AD groups on letter fluency and digit span (forward or backward) and both performed below NCs. Prior research had suggested similarities between these groups in terms of auditory attention (Incalzi et al., 1993), but similar decrements in letter fluency have not been reported. Although the COPD patients performed significantly worse than NCs on two tests (verbal fluency and digit span), they were not in the clinically impaired range. This suggests that COPD without neurological complications is not necessarily associated with widespread cognitive dysfunction. When present, the cognitive difficulties secondary to COPD appear quite distinct from those seen in the early stages of AD. Clinically, this suggests that any cognitive dysfunction detected in COPD patients may warrant additional neurological evaluation.
Krengel, M. H., Cyrus, P. A., White, R. F., & Ladany, N. Longitudinal Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. This longitudinal study tracked the neuropsychological performance of 10 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) who were not globally cognitively impaired. Patients were initially evaluated with a complete battery of neuropsychological tests during the early motor stages of PD, as measured by the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Patients were followed over time (approximately 5 years) and periodic repeat neuropsychological evaluations were completed. Most patients progressed to a more advance motor stage over time. None of the patients were considered to be globally cognitively impaired as measured by scores on a Mini-mental state examination. Subjects' scores on five tests were compared over time using a repeated measures analysis of variance for each test. It was found that patients' scores on visuospatial tasks declined over time. In addition, spontaneous retrieval of newly learned verbal and nonverbal information was significantly more impaired as the disease progressed from early to later motor stage. Lastly, it appeared that PD patients in later stages were more depressed on a mood scale. The findings are consistent with what has been found cross-sectionally. Cognitive changes occur in patients with PD, these changes progress over time even in the absence of global dementia. Potential intervening variables, such as symptom duration and age at onset, will be discussed.
Krengel, M. H., Mori, D. L., & Klein, W. Cognitive Differences Between High Risk and Low Risk Renal Transplant Candidates. Transplant is commonly thought of as the optimal treatment for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the demand for renal transplant far exceeds the number of kidneys that are donated each year. Currently, there are over 23,000 people in the United States