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Combined effects of narcissistic and emotional regulation on decision-making under ambiguity
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Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S24–S47
Cardiac vagal tone predicts socially adaptive anger regulation F. Geisler, T. Kubiak, H. Weber University of Greifswald, Germany Cardiac vagal tone (CVT; i.e., the influence of the cardioinhibitory vagal pathway on the heart) is associated with individual differences in processes related to self-regulation. The presentation focuses on the association between CVT and self-regulatory behaviour, which promotes social bonds. More specifically, we present data from an ecological momentary assessment study on the association of CVT with anger regulation. For 28 days following assessment CVT predicted making a concession as a reaction to anger caused by others. Furthermore, CVT was higher in participants who reported no anger episodes compared to those who reported at least one anger episode. Additionally, CVT was positively associated with reported episodes of anger. Results are in line with the polyvagal theory, a biobehavioural model that proposes a social engagement system, that supports dynamic changes in vagal innervations in response to situational demands, resulting in the active regulation of arousal to support adaptive social behaviour. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.041
Childhood personality and teacher ratings of conscientiousness predict career success four decades later M. Spengler, O. Lüdtke, R. Martin, M. Brunner University Luxembourg, Luxembourg Personality traits play an important role in the prediction of career success. We know from previous studies that Conscientiousness and Neuroticism are the most prominent candidates (Barrick et al., 2001; Judge et al., 1999). But most previous data lack from being cross-sectional. In the current investigation we therefore examined the prediction across a timespan of forty years. Analyses were based on a representative sample (N = 745; T1: M = 11.9 years, SD = 0.6; T2: M = 51.7 years, SD = 0.6). We examined in several longitudinal path models the influence of childhood personality (self-report) and teacher ratings on different measures of extrinsic and intrinsic career success (income, occupational status, job satisfaction). Especially facets of Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and the teacher rating were predictive for career success forty years later even after controlling for intelligence and socioeconomic status at T1. We also investigated in the role of education in this nomological network by means of mediation and moderation analyses. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.042
Combined effects of narcissistic and emotional regulation on decision-making under ambiguity D. Gibas, C. Le Scanff, S. Charreire-Petit Université Paris-Sud, France Probabilities alone (i.e. objective assessment of decision options) do not suffice in explaining the choices individuals make when faced with potential risky decisions (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979, 1984). The present study aims to shed light on the effects – both isolated and combined – of narcissism and alexithymia on repeated financial decision-making under ambiguity. A total 121 French-speaking adults took part in the present study. Subjects completed a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio & Anderson, 1994), as well as filling out personality questionnaires measuring normal trait narcissism
and alexithymia. Using both traditional and alternative performance metrics (cfr. Gansler et al., 2011), narcissism and alexithymia were both shown to contribute to the development of disadvantageous decision-making strategies throughout the task. Whilst contributing to knowledge on the links between personality traits and decision-making, the study also provides interesting applied implications aimed at reducing disadvantageous investment strategies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.043
Context-dependent effect of mood: The differential-processual approach D. Zajusz-Gawe˛dzka University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland The present study explores the influence of the contextdependent effect of mood as well as individual differences in neuroticism and action vs. state/volatility orientation on the predecisional processing in a multiattribute choice task. Participants (N = 120) acquired information about choice options presented in a computerized information board after filling personality questionnaires. Their performance was analyzed by means of a process-oriented method. Results showed that participants in positive mood process the information longer in enjoy than in doneenough context. In turn, participants in negative mood process the information more selectively in enjoy than in done-enough context. Moreover, neuroticism and action vs. state/volatility orientation of a participant impact the strength of the contextdependent effect of mood. In particular, the effect is reinforced for participants with low neuroticism and volatility orientation, while it is weakened for those with low neuroticism and action orientation. The results are interpreted in accordance with the transactional approach. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.044
Cortical and subcortical correlates of intraindividual variability in reaction time M. Burgaleta, J.L. Stein, K. Martínez, F.J. Román, J. Privado, S. Escorial, J. Álvarez-Linera, S. Karama, P. Thompson, R. Colom Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Here we investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of intraindividual variability (IIV) of reaction time. 83 healthy young adults underwent MRI acquisition, and omnibus, PCA-based IIV and median RT (mRT) scores were obtained from a set of three RT tasks (verbal, quantitative, and spatial) developed after Sternberg’s memory search paradigm. Brain morphology was thoroughly characterized by means of state-of-the-art techniques, including cortical surface-based morphometry, subcortical shape analysis, and diffusion-based voxelwise analysis of white mater integrity. Results revealed that IIV, but not mRT, was associated regionally with cortical morphology of prefrontal and cingulate areas at a trend level (FWE-corrected P < 0.1), as well as globally with white matter integrity (FWE-corrected P < 0.05). On the other hand, mRT, but not IIV, was associated with morphology of the left thalamus (FDR-corrected P < 0.05). Results are consistent with, and expand, previous research on the neuroanatomical substrates of IIV and mRT. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.045
Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S24–S47
Cardiac vagal tone predicts socially adaptive anger regulation F. Geisler, T. Kubiak, H. Weber University of Greifswald, Germany Cardiac vagal tone (CVT; i.e., the influence of the cardioinhibitory vagal pathway on the heart) is associated with individual differences in processes related to self-regulation. The presentation focuses on the association between CVT and self-regulatory behaviour, which promotes social bonds. More specifically, we present data from an ecological momentary assessment study on the association of CVT with anger regulation. For 28 days following assessment CVT predicted making a concession as a reaction to anger caused by others. Furthermore, CVT was higher in participants who reported no anger episodes compared to those who reported at least one anger episode. Additionally, CVT was positively associated with reported episodes of anger. Results are in line with the polyvagal theory, a biobehavioural model that proposes a social engagement system, that supports dynamic changes in vagal innervations in response to situational demands, resulting in the active regulation of arousal to support adaptive social behaviour. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.041
Childhood personality and teacher ratings of conscientiousness predict career success four decades later M. Spengler, O. Lüdtke, R. Martin, M. Brunner University Luxembourg, Luxembourg Personality traits play an important role in the prediction of career success. We know from previous studies that Conscientiousness and Neuroticism are the most prominent candidates (Barrick et al., 2001; Judge et al., 1999). But most previous data lack from being cross-sectional. In the current investigation we therefore examined the prediction across a timespan of forty years. Analyses were based on a representative sample (N = 745; T1: M = 11.9 years, SD = 0.6; T2: M = 51.7 years, SD = 0.6). We examined in several longitudinal path models the influence of childhood personality (self-report) and teacher ratings on different measures of extrinsic and intrinsic career success (income, occupational status, job satisfaction). Especially facets of Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and the teacher rating were predictive for career success forty years later even after controlling for intelligence and socioeconomic status at T1. We also investigated in the role of education in this nomological network by means of mediation and moderation analyses. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.042
Combined effects of narcissistic and emotional regulation on decision-making under ambiguity D. Gibas, C. Le Scanff, S. Charreire-Petit Université Paris-Sud, France Probabilities alone (i.e. objective assessment of decision options) do not suffice in explaining the choices individuals make when faced with potential risky decisions (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979, 1984). The present study aims to shed light on the effects – both isolated and combined – of narcissism and alexithymia on repeated financial decision-making under ambiguity. A total 121 French-speaking adults took part in the present study. Subjects completed a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio & Anderson, 1994), as well as filling out personality questionnaires measuring normal trait narcissism
and alexithymia. Using both traditional and alternative performance metrics (cfr. Gansler et al., 2011), narcissism and alexithymia were both shown to contribute to the development of disadvantageous decision-making strategies throughout the task. Whilst contributing to knowledge on the links between personality traits and decision-making, the study also provides interesting applied implications aimed at reducing disadvantageous investment strategies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.043
Context-dependent effect of mood: The differential-processual approach D. Zajusz-Gawe˛dzka University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland The present study explores the influence of the contextdependent effect of mood as well as individual differences in neuroticism and action vs. state/volatility orientation on the predecisional processing in a multiattribute choice task. Participants (N = 120) acquired information about choice options presented in a computerized information board after filling personality questionnaires. Their performance was analyzed by means of a process-oriented method. Results showed that participants in positive mood process the information longer in enjoy than in doneenough context. In turn, participants in negative mood process the information more selectively in enjoy than in done-enough context. Moreover, neuroticism and action vs. state/volatility orientation of a participant impact the strength of the contextdependent effect of mood. In particular, the effect is reinforced for participants with low neuroticism and volatility orientation, while it is weakened for those with low neuroticism and action orientation. The results are interpreted in accordance with the transactional approach. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.044
Cortical and subcortical correlates of intraindividual variability in reaction time M. Burgaleta, J.L. Stein, K. Martínez, F.J. Román, J. Privado, S. Escorial, J. Álvarez-Linera, S. Karama, P. Thompson, R. Colom Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Here we investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of intraindividual variability (IIV) of reaction time. 83 healthy young adults underwent MRI acquisition, and omnibus, PCA-based IIV and median RT (mRT) scores were obtained from a set of three RT tasks (verbal, quantitative, and spatial) developed after Sternberg’s memory search paradigm. Brain morphology was thoroughly characterized by means of state-of-the-art techniques, including cortical surface-based morphometry, subcortical shape analysis, and diffusion-based voxelwise analysis of white mater integrity. Results revealed that IIV, but not mRT, was associated regionally with cortical morphology of prefrontal and cingulate areas at a trend level (FWE-corrected P < 0.1), as well as globally with white matter integrity (FWE-corrected P < 0.05). On the other hand, mRT, but not IIV, was associated with morphology of the left thalamus (FDR-corrected P < 0.05). Results are consistent with, and expand, previous research on the neuroanatomical substrates of IIV and mRT. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.045