Combined heat and power

Natural gas in autothermal reforming The

paper

identifies

fuel

reforming,

problems

when

is considered.

composirion

on

optimal

carbon-free

and minimised

is crucial

in

feedstock

CO

yield

processor

randomly

generated

with

within

ranges.

Each

through

simultaneous

went

oxidation

individual

and steam

molar

air/fuel

products hydrogen,

were

which

ratios.

rhe

yield

sensitivity

with

respect

Technology

H.M.

221-239

Mg

and

profile

of fuel

Fuel (May

hydrogen

alloy

storage

high-energy

materials

powders

with

either

J. Yang,

M.

amorphous powders.

alloy

kinetics

and

and Mg

than Mg

have

crystalline

nanocomposites. and

were

Letters 43(5/6)

by

of

Mg

effects were

and milled

This

of

The water, the

in a PEM

anode

exhaust

eliminates

,bCt0,4 larger

or reduces WO

respectively,

Compared

and

n-type

partial at

pressure.

The

concept

with

behaviour

the

evaluated

Ca

oxidation

achieved

183-193

Applicant: water

This

supply.

(2 May

to

This

the need for a condenser.

in

direct

patent

spectroscopy.

oxidation

catalyst

mechanisms. was better

acid sol&on

rhan

The

current

observed

due to the dual role played

density

of

dilute

H,

MOH

the highest wirh

Pt-Ru/C

State Zonics

(5 May

conducting

Switzerland

the combination to make

amount

of heat for heating

during

the

winter,

available

purposes,

where

of electricity

out at the maximum

Patent

number:

Applicant;

provides

stabilises the output

a method

of controlling voltage

cell, increases their service life, and which

Fuel Cells

Bulletin

No. 26

a

of each is simple

A novel comprises oriented

in were

reaction showed

R/cm*)

J. Hormes,

compared

S. Noding, Chemistry

B.

485( 1)

2000).

polymer, within

such

that

the porous

Patent number:

US 6042958

Membrane

electrode

the

of fuel

Applicant:

a large

A method

is described

electrode

employing

especially

simultaneous

by the fuel cells is co be

carried

Applicant:

fuel cell which

in Pt-Cu/C regions

J Electroanalytical

embedded

in alloys.

Pr/C/Nafion

(10”

possible

power

level.

which

3M,

the polymer

is

substrate.

assembly

USA

includes

both

for making

a membrane

a composite

membrane,

a porous

ion-conducting

electrolyte.

Patent number:

US 6042959

membrane

and an

US 6042956

Polybenzimidazole

This invention

metal

(280 ma/cm*).

Rambabu: 34-41

catalyst

by the surface

and Pt-CO. resistance

were

electro-

oxidation

and medium-temperature

between

of acid,

area

alloy

oscillations

SOFC

and

effects

the proper

transition

the low-

and

sulfuric

The

partial was

The

for methanol other

cells,

noble metal

surface

with

direct

voltammetry in

and matched

Pr-Co/C

fuel

cyclic

concenrration and

were to

accepted

using

at high

to manufacture.

Innotec,

describes

Composite

Japan

electrocatalysts

heat and power

Control of a fuel cell Honda,

195-201

alternatives methanol

absorption

evaluated

US 6042955

Sulzer

generation

00116426

low-cost

and alloy catalysts

temperature

2000).

and inexpensive

cells and gas burners,

to produce

alloy

as

T. Page, R. Johnson, Solid

range.

130(3/4)

with the generally

was

pellet

using

L. Chen:

best

temperature

X-ray

partial

conductivity

ceramic

compared

methanol

oxygen

power

The

the

electro-oxidation metal

The

observed,

of a single-layer

a maximum at 800°C

were

oxygen

InOse

showed

2000).

Methanol

InOjm6

of oxygen

with

0.05

in the measured

Transition

at 900°C.

electrical

slightly

better

and impedance.

J. Liu, Z. Lu, W. Liu, L. Pei, T. He, Z.

of La

maximum

intermediate

the

only

has

overpotencial =

used

La0,55Sr0.4Mn03

Pr0.6-xSr0.4Mn03

oxide

composition

pressure

cathodes.

commonly

electrical

whose

range

SOFC

the

x

by a at the

on the properties

as and

with

(x = 0,

Pr deficiency

effect

to

sample

due to the large

of LaO,$rO,,

pressures,

Combined

inputs.

has a significant

(2 May

whereas

a wide

method.

Liu, W. Su: Solid State Ionics

way to enhance

S/cm

samples

0.2) was synthesised

Pr0,6-xSr0,4Mn03

performance

Replacement

The optimum

while

changed

130(3/4)

USA

is then recycled

cathode

Materials

the

LaInO,,

H. He, X. Huang,

ZrNi,

fuel cell power

reaction

cathodes,

and air.

and Mg

desorb

improved

exhaust

and/or

Patent number:

P-type

3 mW/cm2

is combusted

the combusted anode

pressures.

Patent number:

describes

management

over

desotption

water management

patent

on

effective

conducrivity

amorphous

Fuel Cells,

of

0.1, 0.15,

conductivity,

petovskite-type

for In is difficult

in structure

International

hydrogen

2000).

investigated.

based on a Lao,$rO,,

Patents Improved

the

measured

of

Amorphous

dopants

of

conducrivity

better

alloy

of

by Sr is the most

tested,

ZrNiCr

of Pr0,6-rSr0,4Mn03

0.05,

La0.6Sr0.4Mn03

Sr-doped Laln03 in single-layer SOFC

partial

ZrNi,.6Cr0.4

nanocomposites

Applicant:

(May

of SOFC cathodes

amorphous

R. Roberge:

234-239

0.01, A-site

and and

catalyst.

Ciureanu,

and low oxygen

prepared

milling

Nanocomposites

ZrNiCr

an

Lao.&o.lInO3-i5~ conductivity is 7.6 x 10-j

2000).

crystalline ZrNiCr or mechanically

P owders ZrNiCr

ZrNi1.6C'0.4

of H, revealed

chat

is

nanocomposite

mechanical

diffraction

effective

is

ion radii difference.

Processing

in Mg and ZrNiCr

ZrNiCr

4.3 wt%

proving

and desorption

electrical

Hydrogen storage nanocomposites

X-ray

absorption

LaInO,

analysis

to changing

Wang:

64(1-3)

solid-state

ZrNiL6Cr0.4

substirution

Chan,

releases

processes,

conducrivity

composition. S.H.

A series

in 30 min.

amorphous

that there were no reactions between Mg ZrNiCr alloys in the milling, activation

The

The

gas, in particular

used in a divergence

provides

hydrogen

gas partial

based on fixed

natural

nanocomposites. The 35 wr% amorphous

X. Huang,

natural

water/fuel

of reformed

faster

Mg of

constituents

reforming

and

A

natural

gas compositions defined

here

variation.

at 300°C

cyclmg

propane,

gas was considered

routine

composition

for

whose

ethane,

because of its large fuel composition computer

of fuel

in the reformate

methane,

etc. Natural

effect

than

Properties

much

and Mg

ZrNi,.6Cr0.4

mixed-fuel

hydrogen

a mixed-fuel

contains

butane

The

of H,

ZrNiCr and nanocomposite

in autothermal

in particular

processing

amounts

membranes

Johnson composite a porous individual

Matthey,

Applicant: UK

membrane substrate fibres

Aventis

fabrics

Research

& Technologies,

Germany

is described of and

that

randomly an

ion-

The of

performance, suitable

remain

high

polymeric

important

cost and processability electtolyre

considerarions

materials in fuel

cell

0