VTE-modules for hybrid thermal seawater desalination plants

Desalination, 39(1981)37%-884 Ekevierscientific hbhbing Company,..hmsterdam-PrinPrintedin TheNetherlmcls

COMBINED

MSF/VTE-MODULES

FOR

HYBRID

THERMAL

SEAWATER

373

DESALINATION

PLANTS HAPKE

s-

and

University

B.

of

UCKERMANN 4600

Dortmund,

Dortmund,

P-0-B.

500

500,

of

seawater

(G-F-R.)

ABSTRACT The

design

plants

is

of

mass

the

exchanger product

of

combined

and

energy

surfaces portions

quirement

on

balance

was

of

for

and

based

standardized

model

as well

as

plant

of

for

and

thereon

modules

for

the

the

determination

rating

of

heat

dependence

specrfic

variables 1s the

desalination

the

the

Moreover

MSF/VTE-parts

operation

heating-surface-rating dies

aided

established_

in the

the

MSF/VTE-modules

A computer

described_

was

basis

a MSF/VTE-plant

of

energy

analysedof

The

design

with

the re-

stu-

a capacity

5 MIGD_

INTRODUCTION The

use

process

of

temperatures

exchange the

MSF/VTE-evaporators

in

the

specific

parison

energy

with

integration in respect single-

of

electricity

manufacture

plants

of

multi-purpose plant T

bmax ratio

(ref, = PR

180 =

with

can

MSF-

be

and/or

as

plant

Accordingly

OC,

the

15. the

This

material

of

stresses

connected

operation_ they

from

the the

concentration has

combined with

far

of

ratio

reaching

The

brine

markedly

the

Thus

data

some

advantages

use

in

suitable

as

generation and

of

the

temperature

The

in com-

structural

the

profitability

5 and __ consequences

increased

heat3).

their

water

C =

MSF/VTE-evaporators. the

The

from

for

operation

maximum

2,

1.

offers

fresh

seawater.

higher

favourable

particularly

plants

of

signlfrcantly

Apart

are

production

determines

4)_

reduced

and

the

more

a

ME-processes.

plants

materials

advantage

additionally

in multi-purpose

well raw

the

temperaturestref-

MSF/VTE-evaporators

as

ploitation

lower

requirement

dual-purpose

distillation

VTE-part

at

conventional

of

and

in the

MSF-part

combines

the both

of exof

the

distillation equals

performance on

design

thermo-mechanical

process

temperatures

and

HAPIEANDUCKE~

374 and

pressures

Salt brine

to are

only

become

steel

and

such

past

no

an

materials

by

2342

FOR

evaporator

energy

necessary ways_

rihllst

the

first

rejectron

is carried

nodule

the

can of

and of

from

the

refed flop

energy the

end

in-to the 1s

trated

The

brine

VTE-

duct

stream

the

lower

by

and

the

1s

the

VTE-evaporator 1s

charge-stage

then

of

balance

fed

the

one

simple

in a large

serial

capacity in

in

the

VTE-part

is

two

the

The

The

MSF-stage

recycled

vapor

of

via

bundle

of

the

to

a large in

the

following

the

preceeding

The

for in

Fig.

of

the

concen-

area

IS

The

tray

fed

between as

steam

resultant the

1s

pro-

brine

dlvlded

disInto

q-stems:

condensation

zone

evaporation_

of

zone

first

MSF-stage

first

and

of

second

the

first

the

first

MSF-stage _-SF-stage

MSF-stage

VTE-evaporator combrned

MSF/VTE-module

In addition

to

recirculated and

the

are

Included_

return

the

naln

mass

brine

from

the

brrne

from

Noncondensable

flows first

the

in the MSF-stage

VTE-evaporator gases

are

P4SF- and to to

consldered

VTE-Part

the

the

VTE-evaporator

the

off

and

i.n do:
from

separatron

module

1.

clrcular-ring-

evaporator

vapor

effect the

is branched

phase

module.

dlstlllate

module.

the

last

seen

extent

This

module.

be

alter-

VTE-evaporator

a two

load

the

model

a module

the

Therefore

the

the

can

two

heater.

behlnd

of

simulation

The

directly.

fltted vapor

!4SF/VTE-module

In

charged

MSF-stages

plant.

connection range_

brine

vza

concept

VTE-evaporator-

fed

tube

Into

and

the

es

of

by

MSF/VTE-MODULES

is

of

of

OF

via

separated

MSF-part

the

have

superferritlc

MSF-part

frrst

ln the

vapor

the

the

the

It

of

to

discharge-stage-

establlshed

into

six

the

chamber-brine.

dlrectzon.

the

of

of

erected

condenser.

balance

stream

be

modules

out

cold

two

evaporator

con-den_ses 1~. an_ additIona

Part

of

evaporator

in

designs

the

6).

BALANCE

this

of

evaporators

use

MSF-stages

last

mass

and

consists

Heat

ln

for

designs_

potential

evaporator

M_kSS AP?? EKERGY

conveved

evaporator

corrosion

used

development

trains

1s

customary

the

Economical

5,

number for

It

the

(ref.

a corresponding

native

that

acceptable_

MODEL

of

extent

MSF/VTE-module

Complete

abandonment increase

feasible

XlCrNiMo

One

the

temperature

longer

SIMULATION

of

enforce

content

first

wrth

MSF-stage

a view

to

_

HAPKEANDUCKERHINN

375

MSF/VTE

-

MODUL

cl”E(j4 r----------4

VTE-VAPOR

/STEAM

1.

i

.J I .-@ Q(j) I

$FE(j) -_--

VTE

I

-D

- PRODUCT

GASES

NONCOND

kbGF ti) +..msm

BUNDLE - BRINE

MSF / VTE - PRODUCT &F(i) CHAMBER - BRINE

e RECIRC. BRINE

MSF (id)

MSF (iI Frg.

1.

Simulation

model

for

mass

and

energy

balance

of

MSF/VTE-modules_

determlng this

the

complex

the

subject

this

model

centration influence traticn

heat

exchange

calculation of

this

includes ratios of

ratio

flows

in the

plant

with

the

maximum as MSF-

well and

a capacity

the

scheme

paper

of

in

are

(ref.

whole

range

C = 5 and process as

the

are

VTE-partelsewhere

It may

suffice

of

brine

the

temperatures

number

5 MIGD,

and

described

temperature,

VTE-parts of

7)_

MSF-

of

and

= 200 OC. bmax feed temperature,

modules

to

on For

the

mass the

of are

mention

properties

T

analysed.

matched

to

Details

and

not

that up

to

The

con7

concenenergy

distillation

multi-purpose

plant,

UAPKE AM) UC=_BL--N

376

Capacity

5

Feed temperature Flax.

brine

temp

Feed

1

concentmtion

2

2.

portion

Product

4 Ratio

C

5 4

concen_tration

vs.

ppm TDS

1 k...2L

3 Concentration

Elg.

l3800

Number of modules

?b max PC’

fllttl

30 “C

ratlo

of

a 5 MIGD-MSF-VTE-

plant

the

ln

distrzbutlon Frg.

of

2_ These

and

a feed

the

VTE-evaporators

tures_

Thus

:: In the

brine

realized

are

in the

valid

for

VTE-

a feed

W = 43800 ppm TDS_ f Increases p,lth decreasing

result_ 80

IS

% of

MSF-part

temperature

c = 5. The

distillate

concentration

Approximately 20

the

results

demanded

with

independent

largely

the of

drstillate

=

180

performance

a module

number

OC

and

ratio, of

The

of

20 and

PR

=

over

of

in

VTE-

the the

however,

(see

Fig_

oC In

tempera-

number

where

= 30

protlon

brine

modules.

and

maximum

concentration 15,

IS given T,

product

the

plant. the

MSF-part

maximum

is produced

a multi-purpose

is Tbmax

and

temperature

ratio can 3).

only

be

HAJ?KE

AND

UCKERMANN

373

Number 36

MSF -Stages

38

I 18

of

42

Capacity

1

-

5 MIGD

Feed

femperature

Feed

concentration

30

50

46 I

OC

4 3800

ppm TDS

16

: 3 4 5 -6

I

16

Fig.

Performance

3_

18

20

Number

of VTE-Effects

ratio

vs.

number

22

of

24

-w

modules

of

a 5 MIGD-MSF/VTE-

plant_

RATING

OF

HEAT

EXCHANGE

The

procedures

in

the

MSF-

in

such

energy and

for

and

as i-e,

concentrations,

ponding data

respect rating

values

for

the are

of

of heat

maximum

heat

the

VT%parts

a manner balance

SURFACE

to

OF

determination of

meet

the the

boundary

for

given

both

MSF-

and

the

specific

brine

exchanger

of

combined

that

exchange

MSF/VTE-MODULES

pIant

energy

temperature

heat

conditions

exchange

of

capacities.

VTE-product

the

feed

portions

and

represent

Further

parameters

and

agrees

concentration to

the

module

surfaces

are

requirement

calculations-

surfaces

the

MSF/VTE-module

established

mass

and

temperatures the

corres-

the

basic

in this

ratio-

The

ccnception

developed

In

cations that

preceeding

impose

such

conventional

used_

The

parts

in contact

zone

2842

of

the

ting

the

heat

exchange

noncondensable

downward

of

the

mrxtures

film

working

in

design

and

on

of

the

are

The

planned

tube

range

- tests

Engrneerlng

Department

of

th e University

published

rn

the

11,

12)

are

quantities phase tube

being

relations such

change

steps

and The

as

- grven

as

the

number

length

relations-

applied

to

facrfltate

the

diameter_

condensation

of

design

The

area

film

model

the

MSF-part

of

the

evaporator

- determrnatlon

of

the

flooding

- derermination

of

the

heat

Subject

prepared of

Dortmucd

tube

length,

exchange

- adaptation

evaporator

rating.

influence

such

as

J_S fltted

the tube

to

number,

these

is determined

rn

houslng pornt

exchanger

drameter,

rating

of

(brine

ting

VTE

tube

of

the

chamber-brine

surface number,

produced

in

from

sum

the

coefficient of

velocrty,

each of

heat tube

the the

evaporation

condensation

of

design

from tube

bundle

dimensions

distribution,

envelope

and

pressure

the

time, equal

same

heat

exchange of

The and

etc-),

parts

allowing

to

effect.

bundle

by

The

the

drop,

coefficient

section_

sections

is

into

exchange

same

surface

dimensions

1s divided

local

at

condensatron

hydrodynamrc

evaporator the

area

of

level,

of

of

apparatus

- determination

The

-

(ref.

diameter) - heat

9,

distilla-

thickness,

variables

rated

of

the

8, wrth

literature

process

velocrty,

(ref-

the

being

latest

of

vapor/

follows: diameter

(tube

calculation

film

with

presently

tort-blnatlon

falling

etc,

tube

the

the

rafor

of

plant_

verification

These

or

of

the

relations

exchanger

bundles

experimental

semi-emprrlcal

the

VTE-evaporators

to

the

from

vapors

a multi-purpose

are

all

matsrlal

condensatron

heat

bv

Chemical

for

relationships

for

operation

with

be

where

developed

derrved

pure

available

longer

allows

In the

established

horizontal

not

conjunction

newly

are

of

stresses

no

duly

specifl-

structure

VTE-part.

well

process

can

types

condensation

rn the

corrosive

which

exchanger

outside

date

and

VTE-evaporator

MSF-

the

The

materials

consist

heat the

1s based

reliable

directed

plant

Apt

3).

is a cylindrical

brine

and

during

gas

Similar

tlon

5).

MSF-part

and

evaporator

the

structure

for

10).

with

(ref.

designs

stresses,

?&SF-stages

cylindrical

the

process

(ref.

thermo-mechanical

favourable

and

XlCrNiMo

strong

studies

evaporator

most

mechanlcal

design

The

area

averaglng

rating

the

and

heat

is

the the

the

respective

of

these

heat

when

area

ra-

quantity

determined

local

complete

brine

vapor

is then

exchange

results

rating chamber

for

exchange

the

required

vapor

extensive

379

Capacity

Feed teutpemture Feed concentration

I6

18

20

VTE - Effects

4_

Fig.

Specific

VTE-effects

of

computer

aided

describes

the

and

the

the

specified 1 to

180

and

oC

however. to

Tbmax

are

described

the

3 and

ratio

maximum

OC

in

heat

decrease

= 120

VTE-part

means

of

surface

brine of

length

vs.

number

the

shows

brine

surface

evaporator

and

A

5,

that

requirement, of

of

heat

4

requirement plant

energy

with

balance. Tbmax

The

equals

comparison

of

short

evapbra-

This Tbmax

temperature of

5. fig,

4 and

temperature

2 to

temperature

a doubling

an

mass

brine oE

Fig,

speeifzc

regarding

a maximum

5 m

in

the

conditions

to

louest

the

the

of

between

VTE-effects

4 refer

the

to

of

boundary

of

have

applies

analyses

a concentration

evaporators tors

requirement

a 5 MIGD-MSF/VTE-plant_

relationship

numbers

euxves

surface

--e

=

from

exchange

tube result 120

VTE

also

Oc;

= 180 -bmax surface-

T

“c

MSF-Stages

-3 42

Feed

temperature

Feed

concentrariw

18 VIE-

16

. 5.

Speclflc

MSF/VTE-plant

surface the

vs_

ppm TDS

43800

requirement

numbers

22

20 Effects

of

24

--e of

MSF-part

the

and

VTE-effect

and

combrned

MSF-stages

of

a

5 P¶IGD-MSF/VTE-plant.

5 illustrates

Fig.

requirement

of

the

combined By

VTE-evaporators. the

differences

plant

at

between

perature

Tbmax

apply

In

the

Tbmax

120

OC

higher

by

restrrcting

=

180

case and

of

a temperature

of

the the

heat

OC

of

is not

2 and

number

of

modules

=

180

OC

offers

to

does

At

surface

seen

from 20

some

for

surface

the

brine not,

whole tem-

however.

a temperature increase

Figs_ the

and

evaporator of

a maximum This

a signrflcant be

tube

requirements 5 and

temperatures.

can

heat

MSF-stages

short

surface

As

Tbmax

the

and

slgnlficant.

lowe r brrne

20 modules

specific

the

advantageous

ratios

concentrations. the

between

MSF/VTE-modules

using

concentration

at

relation

4 and entire

advantages

of

results 5 that plant

regarding

at

HAPKEANDUCXERE!

the

results

The

better

become

381

of

the

results

manifest

pared

heat

with

of

exchange

heat

in about

exchange

20

conventional

rating

and

in

I less

process

combined

heat

MSF/VTE-modules

surface

MSF-plants(Tbmax

engineering_

requirement

= 120

OC

for

as

com-

MSF/VTE-

and

MSF-plants).

BASIC

LAYOUT

In order

the To

heat

carry

trains

long

cross

dard

tube

of

brine of

C =

is

longtube

off

centre

form the

the

stage

of

be

the

chief

manufact-ure tubes are an the

and

essential national

25 mm

the

part

of

tubes

is

of

all the

manufacture authority

liningthe

can

MSF-part

the

as

sheets

which for

have

used

The

the The

in an

The

first

MSF-

modules

this

constructive

anthorization

5,

8,

10,

diameter

is by

Steel 15

resisting-parts. outer

quality

Welding

materials. of

brine

thicknesses,

steel

covers_

example,

chamber-

the

the

different

of

heat

for

ante

with Foi

of

welding

an

VTE-

demister-

from

sections,

requires

pressure

and

VTE-evaporator

same

contact

shells and

angles.

Substantially

MSF/VTE-modules.

rn thicknesses and

be

right

chamber-

pipe

Input

in

MSF-part

MSF-

cooler

joint.

parts

a

is arranged

VTE-evaporator.

heat

a stan-

5 MIGD.

at

vapor

passing

Furthermore

available

for

which

for of

for

of

evaporators

The

brine

next

external

the

ante-chambers

approval

2842

of

is needed

sheets.

for

suitable

condenser

used

an

stages

of

= 15.

the

same

the

coupling

provided

steel

plated

top

PR

of

after

via

in the

VTE-evaporator

the

to

types

only

a concentration

MSF-evaporator.

have

box

the

constituent this

the

OC.

of

Numerous

6 shows

a capacity

180

ratio

flows

exchangers

2842

necessary

XlCrNiMo

and

a flange are

heat

XiCrNiMo

is the

to

by

units

horizontal

Steel

unit

is taken

module

connected

=

pre-heating

evaporator

brine

standardized as

one

same

with

evapo-

not

to VTE

Fig_

of

concept-

evaporator

types.

as

basic

for-

connected

train

MSF/VTE-mo-

well

capacity

differ

flash

Tbmax

cylindrical

as

the

aimed

The

combined

large

which

were

with

for

MSF/VTE-parts

recirculation

can

of

in

of

is

bundling

a performance

the

utilized

VTE-part.

and

of

balance

set-up

modules

evaporator

inside

evaporators

been

construction

bundle

studies energy

developed

construction

condensator

within

an

5 and

The

of

the

temperature

ratic

vapor

in

and

the

been

arrangement

module

of

have costs,

have

also

different

design

mass

standardized

designs but

maximum

basic

rating

of

MSF/VTE-MODULES

the

production

module

and

out of

exchange

MSF-part

of

STANDARDIZED

results

minimize

rator of

to

the

dules,

OF

and The

of

16 mm

HEAT INPUT SECTION STANDARD - MOOUL

WNDLE - BRINE

weir

the

evaporator

flow

the

the

and

sheets

and

material.

parts

as

in

well

zone

reversing

bundle

the

as the

contact

a combined The into

condensation

water

zone.

of

gets

Tube

is

construction

channel

in

and

and

chamber

sheet

2842;

XlCrNiMo

which brine

zone the

with

total

6.

Design study of MSF/VTE-longtube-evaporator.

Fig.

BRINE

N

al

w

HAPKE

AND

ucKEmm

383

a wallthickness

and of

50 mm

and

20 HnMoNi

55

XlCrNiMo The

lysis

as

2842

maximum of

base

outer

this

than

mm,

material, is

the

tubes

The

tube

and

explosion-plated

avialable

diameter

standard

of

in

conventional

shells

MSF-

on

reveals

lower

of

the

VTE-evaporator

sheets

are

thicknesses

based

2842)

result

in

the

module

XlCrNiMo

conception

water

0,6

respectivly-

which

(11 t material thus

of

I mm

is

with of

2600

of

up

mm.

that

90/10

A cost

plants

for

mm_

ana-

evaporator

evaporator costs

steel

steel

to

a pilot-MSF/VTE-,

production

and/or

made

of

drrnklng

VTE-plants.

CONCLUSIONS Evaporator sent

an

traxxs

optrmum

water

for

the

generatron

and

the

exploitation

energy

balance

of

conditions

The

exchange

heat contrast

basic

design

structure 180

to

OC

steel

of

of such

raw plants

rating

studies

2842

a

integrated

used

be

therr

brrne of

heat

plants-

The

5 through

water

_ass

wxth

surface The

temperatures C =

plants

ratiorequirement

results of of the

and

the

concentratron

MSF/VTE-modules

for

repre-

fresh

conformkty

lower

ratro

(Remanliz

of

seawater_

and

evaporator

are

multi-purpose

production from

shows

to

MSF/VTE-modules

for

the

performance

leads

a concentration

XlCrNiMo

plant

materials

suchas,

ezm

standardized

electricity,

conventional

whrch

and

up

production

of

boundary

in

made

of

cylzndrical up

to

Tbmax

newly

4575)-

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The

sponsorship

Research

and

this

of

Technology

work

by

under

the

German

contract

Federal

OdCA2024

1s

Ministry

of

gratefully

acknowledgedSSMBOLS MbF . MbBF . MbCFE MbRE . APE M~E/E %3? GE

r;i gEE

chamber-brrne

mass

bundle-brine brine

ZTLcLrcreturn

mass

flow flow

mass

flow

in MSF-train In MSF-train in MSF/VTE-Module

brine

mass

flow

product

mass

flow

in VIE-train

product

mass

flow

rn MSF/VTE-Module

in VTE-train

vapor

mass

flow

in NSF-train

vapor

mass

flow

in VTE-train

noncondensable

gases

mass

flow

in MSF/VTE-Module

Indices i

number

of

MSF-stage

3

number

of

VTE-effect

and

number

of

MSF/VTE-Module,

=

developed

resp.

BAPKEANnu(IKERMANN

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-