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Combustion measurements
Book Reviews Flow Measurement for Engineers and Scientists, N. P.
Combustion Measurements, N. Chigier, Ed., Hemisphere
Cheremisinoff and Paul N. Cheremisinoff, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1988, 392 pages, $99.75.
Publishing Corp., New York, 1991, 535 pages, $125.00.
This book is intended to provide readers the instrumentation and experimental methods for obtaining detailed information on the structure of various types of flows for industrial applications. It covers traditional measurement techniques of flows, but it places significant emphasis on the turbulence and two-phase flow encountered in many industrial process operations. This book is suitable for process engineering personnel as well as researchers who wish to extend their understanding of the experimental approaches for detailing flow structure and reaction between phases. This book is one of the series of books written by the authors in the field of flow measurement. This book contains seven chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of fundamental principles and structures of single-fluid flows, both in single-phase and multiphase but not of multi-components. The second chapter discusses some basic terminology, definitions and requirements for characterizing turbulence measurements. The third chapter covers the principles of operation and applications of thermal anemometry. In chapter four the measurement techniques for characterizing two-phase flow systems in terms of the flow regime characteristics, turbulence intensity, and void fraction are reviewed. The next chapter focuses on the principles and experimental setups for studying two-phase flows using light-scattering and transmission methods. In addition, the experimental methods and arrangements for photographic and cinegraphic techniques used in flow visualization studies are also discussed. Chapter six documents the operating principles and basis of selection for industrial flow metering instruments. The final chapter presents the analysis and control of open channel and partial pipe flows. In general, the book is written in an interesting and readable style. It provides a summary of experimental methods and instrumentation useful for investigating complex flow geometries as well as quantifying and controlling process flows in industrial applications. One extremely useful aspect of the book is that the range of applicability, advantage and disadvantage, and degree of precision for major flow measuring instrumentation and techniques are clearly described and documented. However, illustrations for some measuring devices discussed in the book are missing and it fails to provide the readers sufficient guidance to enable the text to be understood. Addition of section and subsection numbers to each chapter would have made the book more readable and enjoyable. Overall, I would recommend this book as a useful reference book to the thermal/fluid sciences experimenters.
In 1965 Fristrom and Westenberg published Flame Structure. Apart from some advances, e.g., in mass spectrometric methods, that book can still be considered the standard work on intrusive, relatively simple combustion diagnostic techniques. Since then the field has been revolutionized by the advent of a wide variety of non-intrusive optical, mainly laser-based, techniques. These involve a great deal of high-level expertise and cost and should therefore not be the method of choice for all problems. However, the degree of understanding of the details of combustion processes and flame structure that these techniques have yielded is so enormous, that anyone active in combustion research and development should have some familiarity with these achievements. Aspects of laser-diagnostics techniques for combustion applications have appeared in several places; the present volume, however, is the most comprehensive this reviewer has seen. The preface and the introductory chapter give an excellent overview and allow the reader to select what to study in greater detail in the body of the text. The individual chapters clearly describe the various methods, and give many detailed examples of their uses and achievements in a variety of combustion environments. This book also provides useful reviews of combustion research equipment and recent advances in understanding. Topics covered include anemometry, holography, tomography, temperature measurements, spray diagnostics, and particle measurements by various Raman, Rayleigh, and Lorenz-Mie scattering methods. There is also a chapter on Fourier transform emission and transmission infrared spectroscopy, instrumentation for which is, like laser-instrumentation, of relatively recent vintage. The one flaw this multi-author volume has, in my opinion, is the absence of a chapter on laser-induced fluorescence. The subject is mentioned several times in passing, but in some detail only in connection with temperature measurements. Persons with a bachelor's degree in engineering or the physical sciences and an interest in optical measurement methods should be able to use this book as a reference, even if their interest is in areas other than combustion. The book is well-illustrated, but not overdone, and includes a comprehensive subject index.
T. H. HWANG Manufacturing Technologies Laboratory General Electric Company Schenectady, NY12301 Erperimental Thermaland Fluid Science 1992; 5:679 © 1992by Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010
ARTHUR FONTIJN Chemical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, N Y 12180-3590
0894-1777/92/$5.00 679
Combustion Measurements, N. Chigier, Ed., Hemisphere
Cheremisinoff and Paul N. Cheremisinoff, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1988, 392 pages, $99.75.
Publishing Corp., New York, 1991, 535 pages, $125.00.
This book is intended to provide readers the instrumentation and experimental methods for obtaining detailed information on the structure of various types of flows for industrial applications. It covers traditional measurement techniques of flows, but it places significant emphasis on the turbulence and two-phase flow encountered in many industrial process operations. This book is suitable for process engineering personnel as well as researchers who wish to extend their understanding of the experimental approaches for detailing flow structure and reaction between phases. This book is one of the series of books written by the authors in the field of flow measurement. This book contains seven chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of fundamental principles and structures of single-fluid flows, both in single-phase and multiphase but not of multi-components. The second chapter discusses some basic terminology, definitions and requirements for characterizing turbulence measurements. The third chapter covers the principles of operation and applications of thermal anemometry. In chapter four the measurement techniques for characterizing two-phase flow systems in terms of the flow regime characteristics, turbulence intensity, and void fraction are reviewed. The next chapter focuses on the principles and experimental setups for studying two-phase flows using light-scattering and transmission methods. In addition, the experimental methods and arrangements for photographic and cinegraphic techniques used in flow visualization studies are also discussed. Chapter six documents the operating principles and basis of selection for industrial flow metering instruments. The final chapter presents the analysis and control of open channel and partial pipe flows. In general, the book is written in an interesting and readable style. It provides a summary of experimental methods and instrumentation useful for investigating complex flow geometries as well as quantifying and controlling process flows in industrial applications. One extremely useful aspect of the book is that the range of applicability, advantage and disadvantage, and degree of precision for major flow measuring instrumentation and techniques are clearly described and documented. However, illustrations for some measuring devices discussed in the book are missing and it fails to provide the readers sufficient guidance to enable the text to be understood. Addition of section and subsection numbers to each chapter would have made the book more readable and enjoyable. Overall, I would recommend this book as a useful reference book to the thermal/fluid sciences experimenters.
In 1965 Fristrom and Westenberg published Flame Structure. Apart from some advances, e.g., in mass spectrometric methods, that book can still be considered the standard work on intrusive, relatively simple combustion diagnostic techniques. Since then the field has been revolutionized by the advent of a wide variety of non-intrusive optical, mainly laser-based, techniques. These involve a great deal of high-level expertise and cost and should therefore not be the method of choice for all problems. However, the degree of understanding of the details of combustion processes and flame structure that these techniques have yielded is so enormous, that anyone active in combustion research and development should have some familiarity with these achievements. Aspects of laser-diagnostics techniques for combustion applications have appeared in several places; the present volume, however, is the most comprehensive this reviewer has seen. The preface and the introductory chapter give an excellent overview and allow the reader to select what to study in greater detail in the body of the text. The individual chapters clearly describe the various methods, and give many detailed examples of their uses and achievements in a variety of combustion environments. This book also provides useful reviews of combustion research equipment and recent advances in understanding. Topics covered include anemometry, holography, tomography, temperature measurements, spray diagnostics, and particle measurements by various Raman, Rayleigh, and Lorenz-Mie scattering methods. There is also a chapter on Fourier transform emission and transmission infrared spectroscopy, instrumentation for which is, like laser-instrumentation, of relatively recent vintage. The one flaw this multi-author volume has, in my opinion, is the absence of a chapter on laser-induced fluorescence. The subject is mentioned several times in passing, but in some detail only in connection with temperature measurements. Persons with a bachelor's degree in engineering or the physical sciences and an interest in optical measurement methods should be able to use this book as a reference, even if their interest is in areas other than combustion. The book is well-illustrated, but not overdone, and includes a comprehensive subject index.
T. H. HWANG Manufacturing Technologies Laboratory General Electric Company Schenectady, NY12301 Erperimental Thermaland Fluid Science 1992; 5:679 © 1992by Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010
ARTHUR FONTIJN Chemical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, N Y 12180-3590
0894-1777/92/$5.00 679