- Email: [email protected]
Comment on “Combined heat and power economic dispatch by mesh adaptive direct search algorithm” by Sadat Hosseini et al. [Expert Syst. Appl. 38 (2011) 6556–6564]
Expert Systems with Applications 40 (2013) 1410–1411
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Expert Systems with Applications journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa
Corrigendum
Comment on ‘‘Combined heat and power economic dispatch by mesh adaptive direct search algorithm’’ by Sadat Hosseini et al. [Expert Syst. Appl. 38 (2011) 6556–6564] H.R. Abdolmohammadi ⇑, A. Kazemi Centre of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Keywords: Cogeneration Combined heat and power economic dispatch Optimization
a b s t r a c t Recently, an interesting approach for combined heat and power economic dispatch was proposed by Sadat Hosseini et al. [Expert Syst. Appl. 38 (2011) 6556–6564]. However, there are several simple mistakes in the solution results and the references. In this note we will present a corrected results and references given therein. Furthermore, it is shown that the studied cases are not strong enough to validate the presented algorithm for combined heat and power economic dispatch problem. Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction The authors are to be commended for presenting a very interesting paper (Sadat Hosseini, Jafarnejad, Behrooz, & Gandomi, 2011). They proposed a powerful optimization technique, namely mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) to solve the combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem. However, in the above-mentioned article, simple mistakes were found in the reported results. The mistakes are corrected and the strength of the test system is discussed in this paper and further some references with correct journal name are presented. 2. Comments In Table 2 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011) incorrect referencing style for the methods has been used, e.g. GA [5]. Table 1 shows the optimal results for case study I with corrected referencing style. The system power demand Pd and the heat demand Hd for case study III are respectively 225 MW and 125 MWth, while in Table 4 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011), those are reported 175 MW and 110 MWth, respectively. In the reference list, the conference name of Sudhakaran and Slochanal (2003) and the journal name of Vasebi, Fesanghary,
DOI of original article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.11.083
⇑ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: [email protected] (H.R. Abdolmohammadi). 0957-4174/$ - see front matter Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.09.024
and Bathaee (2007) are incorrect. These references with correct publication names are presented at the end of this paper. 3. Discussion It can be observed from Table 2 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011) that the result obtained using the MADS algorithm is the same as the best known solution reported previously in the literature and also the results listed in Table 4 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011) for cases II and III are very close to each other. It seems that this test system (which was originally proposed by Guo, Henwood, and van Ooijen (1996)) is not a strong test to validate the presented algorithm for CHPED problem. The reason is that, in these cases, the linear cost functions have been used for power and heat characteristics of the power-only unit (unit 1) and the heat-only unit (unit 4), respectively. In view of this fact, the productions of these units do not appear in the first equation of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker first-order conditions. Moreover, the linear coefficients in the cost function of the power-only unit and the heat-only unit have been selected to be larger than power and heat partial derivatives attributed to the cost functions of cogeneration units. Therefore, the poweronly unit and the heat-only unit have been set at the minimum. It can be inferred from Tables 2 and 4 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011) that the reason behind easy solution of cases I, II and III is that the power generation of unit 1 (P1) and the heat generation of unit 4 (H4) are passive to the solution process (due to being at minimum output), and effectively reduce the number of variables to solve. Thus, future study should use the more
1411
H.R. Abdolmohammadi, A. Kazemi / Expert Systems with Applications 40 (2013) 1410–1411 Table 1 Optimal results for case study I (Table 2 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011)). Methods
GA (Song & Xuan, 1998) LR (Guo et al., 1996) ACSA (Song, Chou, & Stonham, 1999) GT (Sudhakaran & Slochanal, 2003) HS (Vasebi et al., 2007) SARGA (Subbaraj, Rengaraj, & Salivahanan, 2009) MADS–LHS MADS–PSO MADS–DACE a
Optimal results
Cost ($)
P1
P2
P3
H2
H3
H4
0 0 0.08 0 0 0 0.0017 0.0092 0
159.23 160 150.93 157.92 160 159.99 159.80 157.9392 160
40.77 40 49 42.08a 40 40.01 40.2014 42.0516 40
39.94 40 48.84 26 40 39.99 42.4042 42.4459 40
75.06 75 65.79 89a 75 75 72.3904 72.5522 75
0 0 0.37 0 0 0 0.2054 0.0019 0
9267.2 9257.07 9452.2 9207.64 9257.07 9257.07 9277.131 9301.357 9257.07
Outside the feasible operating region of cogeneration unit 3.
difficult cases to show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm. 4. Conclusion In this paper, some mistakes in Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011) have been pointed out in Section 1 and the weaknesses of the test system used to validate the MADS algorithm is discussed in Section 2. References Guo, T., Henwood, M. I., & van Ooijen, M. (1996). An algorithm for heat and power dispatch. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 11(4), 1778–1784. Sadat Hosseini, S. S., Jafarnejad, A., Behrooz, A. H., & Gandomi, A. H. (2011). Combined heat and power economic dispatch by mesh adaptive direct search algorithm. Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 6556–6564.
Song, Y. H., & Xuan, Q. Y. (1998). Combined heat and power economic dispatch using genetic algorithm based penalty function method. Electric Machines and Power Systems, 26, 363–372. Song, Y. H., Chou, C. S., & Stonham, T. J. (1999). Combined heat and power dispatch by improved ant colony search algorithm. Electric Power Systems Research, 52, 115–121. Subbaraj, P., Rengaraj, R., & Salivahanan, R. (2009). Enhancement of combined heat and power economic dispatch using self adaptive real-coded genetic algorithm. Applied Energy, 86, 915–921. Sudhakaran, M., & Slochanal, S. M. R. (2003). Integrating genetic algorithms and tabu search for combined heat and power economic dispatch. In Proceedings of conference on convergent technologies for Asia-Pacific region, TENCON 2003 (pp. 67–71). Vasebi, A., Fesanghary, M., & Bathaee, S. M. T. (2007). Combined heat and power economic dispatch by harmony search algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 29, 713–719.
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Expert Systems with Applications journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa
Corrigendum
Comment on ‘‘Combined heat and power economic dispatch by mesh adaptive direct search algorithm’’ by Sadat Hosseini et al. [Expert Syst. Appl. 38 (2011) 6556–6564] H.R. Abdolmohammadi ⇑, A. Kazemi Centre of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Keywords: Cogeneration Combined heat and power economic dispatch Optimization
a b s t r a c t Recently, an interesting approach for combined heat and power economic dispatch was proposed by Sadat Hosseini et al. [Expert Syst. Appl. 38 (2011) 6556–6564]. However, there are several simple mistakes in the solution results and the references. In this note we will present a corrected results and references given therein. Furthermore, it is shown that the studied cases are not strong enough to validate the presented algorithm for combined heat and power economic dispatch problem. Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction The authors are to be commended for presenting a very interesting paper (Sadat Hosseini, Jafarnejad, Behrooz, & Gandomi, 2011). They proposed a powerful optimization technique, namely mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) to solve the combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem. However, in the above-mentioned article, simple mistakes were found in the reported results. The mistakes are corrected and the strength of the test system is discussed in this paper and further some references with correct journal name are presented. 2. Comments In Table 2 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011) incorrect referencing style for the methods has been used, e.g. GA [5]. Table 1 shows the optimal results for case study I with corrected referencing style. The system power demand Pd and the heat demand Hd for case study III are respectively 225 MW and 125 MWth, while in Table 4 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011), those are reported 175 MW and 110 MWth, respectively. In the reference list, the conference name of Sudhakaran and Slochanal (2003) and the journal name of Vasebi, Fesanghary,
DOI of original article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.11.083
⇑ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: [email protected] (H.R. Abdolmohammadi). 0957-4174/$ - see front matter Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.09.024
and Bathaee (2007) are incorrect. These references with correct publication names are presented at the end of this paper. 3. Discussion It can be observed from Table 2 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011) that the result obtained using the MADS algorithm is the same as the best known solution reported previously in the literature and also the results listed in Table 4 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011) for cases II and III are very close to each other. It seems that this test system (which was originally proposed by Guo, Henwood, and van Ooijen (1996)) is not a strong test to validate the presented algorithm for CHPED problem. The reason is that, in these cases, the linear cost functions have been used for power and heat characteristics of the power-only unit (unit 1) and the heat-only unit (unit 4), respectively. In view of this fact, the productions of these units do not appear in the first equation of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker first-order conditions. Moreover, the linear coefficients in the cost function of the power-only unit and the heat-only unit have been selected to be larger than power and heat partial derivatives attributed to the cost functions of cogeneration units. Therefore, the poweronly unit and the heat-only unit have been set at the minimum. It can be inferred from Tables 2 and 4 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011) that the reason behind easy solution of cases I, II and III is that the power generation of unit 1 (P1) and the heat generation of unit 4 (H4) are passive to the solution process (due to being at minimum output), and effectively reduce the number of variables to solve. Thus, future study should use the more
1411
H.R. Abdolmohammadi, A. Kazemi / Expert Systems with Applications 40 (2013) 1410–1411 Table 1 Optimal results for case study I (Table 2 of Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011)). Methods
GA (Song & Xuan, 1998) LR (Guo et al., 1996) ACSA (Song, Chou, & Stonham, 1999) GT (Sudhakaran & Slochanal, 2003) HS (Vasebi et al., 2007) SARGA (Subbaraj, Rengaraj, & Salivahanan, 2009) MADS–LHS MADS–PSO MADS–DACE a
Optimal results
Cost ($)
P1
P2
P3
H2
H3
H4
0 0 0.08 0 0 0 0.0017 0.0092 0
159.23 160 150.93 157.92 160 159.99 159.80 157.9392 160
40.77 40 49 42.08a 40 40.01 40.2014 42.0516 40
39.94 40 48.84 26 40 39.99 42.4042 42.4459 40
75.06 75 65.79 89a 75 75 72.3904 72.5522 75
0 0 0.37 0 0 0 0.2054 0.0019 0
9267.2 9257.07 9452.2 9207.64 9257.07 9257.07 9277.131 9301.357 9257.07
Outside the feasible operating region of cogeneration unit 3.
difficult cases to show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm. 4. Conclusion In this paper, some mistakes in Sadat Hosseini et al. (2011) have been pointed out in Section 1 and the weaknesses of the test system used to validate the MADS algorithm is discussed in Section 2. References Guo, T., Henwood, M. I., & van Ooijen, M. (1996). An algorithm for heat and power dispatch. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 11(4), 1778–1784. Sadat Hosseini, S. S., Jafarnejad, A., Behrooz, A. H., & Gandomi, A. H. (2011). Combined heat and power economic dispatch by mesh adaptive direct search algorithm. Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 6556–6564.
Song, Y. H., & Xuan, Q. Y. (1998). Combined heat and power economic dispatch using genetic algorithm based penalty function method. Electric Machines and Power Systems, 26, 363–372. Song, Y. H., Chou, C. S., & Stonham, T. J. (1999). Combined heat and power dispatch by improved ant colony search algorithm. Electric Power Systems Research, 52, 115–121. Subbaraj, P., Rengaraj, R., & Salivahanan, R. (2009). Enhancement of combined heat and power economic dispatch using self adaptive real-coded genetic algorithm. Applied Energy, 86, 915–921. Sudhakaran, M., & Slochanal, S. M. R. (2003). Integrating genetic algorithms and tabu search for combined heat and power economic dispatch. In Proceedings of conference on convergent technologies for Asia-Pacific region, TENCON 2003 (pp. 67–71). Vasebi, A., Fesanghary, M., & Bathaee, S. M. T. (2007). Combined heat and power economic dispatch by harmony search algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 29, 713–719.