- Email: [email protected]
Comment on “Development of the topography-controlled Upper Odra ice lobe (Scandinavian ice sheet) in the fore-mountain area of southern Poland during the Saalian glaciation” by T. Salamon [Quat. Sci. Rev. 123 (2015) 1–15]
Quaternary Science Reviews 133 (2016) 183e187
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev
Correspondence
Comment on “Development of the topography-controlled Upper Odra ice lobe (Scandinavian ice sheet) in the fore-mountain area of southern Poland during the Saalian glaciation” by T. Salamon [Quat. Sci. Rev. 123 (2015) 1e15]
Salamon (2015) presented a glaciodynamic model of the evolution of the Upper Odra ice lobe of the Northern European Ice Sheet during the Saalian (Drenthe) glaciation. This is timely and welcomed paper, as it brings a dynamic conceptual model and emphasizes the topographic control of the ice sheet behaviour, which was very important for Middle Pleistocene ice sheet advances in Central European sector (e.g.; Nývlt, 2008; Nývlt et al., 2011). In this comment I only refer to the maximum extent of the Northern European Ice Sheet during the Saalian (Drenthe) maximum in the Central European sector. Salamon (2015) has presented an overview, which does not conform to numerous data originating from the Ostrava Basin and the Moravian Gate, the rz Basin and Głubczyce Plateau described area south of the Racibo in detail in his study. The Moravian Gate at the main European watershed between Odra and Danube river catchments is known as the area, where the Northern European Ice Sheet advanced farthest South since the pioneering works in the late 19th century (Tausch, 1889; Cammerlander, 1891). It was Jaroslav Tyra cek in the late 1950s cek, 1961), who has brought first rigid (Macoun et al., 1961; Tyra proofs for both Elsterian and Saalian ice sheets advances into the Moravian Gate. The comprehensive review with extended summary in German could be found in Macoun et al. (1965). The tills from the younger ice sheet advance into the Moravian Gate overlies at many places directly the sediments of the main cek, 1961, 2011; Nývlt et al., terrace of the Odra River (Tyra 2011). This concept has been presented to the international auditorium at the 6th INQUA meeting in Warszawa in 1961 (Tyra cek, 1963). The importance of the main river terrace as a stratigraphical marker differentiating Elsterian and Saalian glacial sediments in Central Europe has been discussed by Sibrava (1967, 1972, 1986), Tyra cek and Havlí cek (2009), or Nývlt et al. (2011). The extent of the ice sheet in Moravian Gate during the Saalian (Drenthe) was larger than during the Elsterian (Nývlt et al., 2011; Tyra cek, 2011). Glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine deposits overlying the main terrace sediments provide evidence that the Saalian (Drenthe) meltwaters drained through the Poruba Gate to the Be cva River, which forms a
DOI of original article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.05.033.
part of the Danube River catchment crossing thus the main Eu ropean watershed (Fig. 1; Tyra cek, 2011). Furthermore, the retreating proglacial glaciofluvial sands directly overlying the fluvial sediments of the main Odra fluvial terrace have been dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) at the Kunín site ~10 km from the main European watershed at 162.0 ± 9.4 ka (Nývlt et al., 2008, 2011). This age has been referred to by Wisniewski et al. (2014) when studying geological environment of an archaeological site in the northern part of the Ostrava Basin. This age clearly place the youngest ice sheet presence in the Moravian Gate to the Saalian (Drenthe) stage. Beside that, two prominent ridges of push moraines are preserved in the Opava Hills ¼ Opava Mountains by Salamon (2015). They originated by glaciomarginal disturbances of the Elsterian tills and glaciofluvial sand and gravel (Macoun, 1980). Both the southern ridge (the Hlu cín push moraine) and the northern ridge push moraine) developed during the Saalian (the Chuchelna lík, 1995). Ice(Drenthe) ice sheet advance (Macoun and Kra dammed lake and a prominent terminoglacial channel developed during the retreat phase between the two push moraine ridges draining the meltwater to the East (Macoun, 1982). These ridges represent clear glaciomarginal landforms associated with the Northern European ice sheet advance during the Saalian (Drenthe) (Nývlt et al., 2011). The Saalian (Drenthe) age of these landforms is supported by the morphostratigraphical correlation of the main cek and fluvial terraces of the Odra and Opava rivers (Tyra Havlí cek, 2009). This raises a question, which stage of Northern European Ice Sheet advance into the Central Europe has been reconstructed by Salamon (2015). New luminescence and/or exposure dating is needed to resolve this question.
References €hrisch-Schlesischen Cammerlander, C. von, 1891. Geologische Aufnahne in den Ma €n. Geol. Reichsanst. 40, 103e316. Sudeten. Jb. K.-Ko pahorkatiny v Macoun, J., 1980. Paleogeografický a stratigrafický vývoj Opavske nu. Casopis pleistoce Slez. Muzea, Rada A 29, 113e132 þ 193e222. pahorkatiny. In: Macoun, J., 1982. Geomorfologie glacigenních sediment u Opavske Konference. Univerzita Karlova, Praha, pp. 129e138. Geomorfologicka
184
Correspondence / Quaternary Science Reviews 133 (2016) 183e187
Fig. 1. The comparison of reconstructed Saalian (Drenthe) advance of the Northern European Ice Sheet at its Central European maximum presented by Nývlt et al. (2011) and Salamon (2015) with relevant geographical features and sites mentioned in the text.
nek, F., Sibrava, va o výzkumu Macoun, J., Hola V., Pokorný, M., Tyr a cek, J., 1961. Zpra ní br a mapova ctvrtohorních pokryvných útvar u Ostravska a Moravske any za rok 1960. Anthropozoikum 11, 221e239. Macoun, J., Kralík, F., 1995. Glacial history of the Czech Republic. In: Ehlers, J., Kozarski, S., Gibbard, P.L. (Eds.), Glacial Deposits in North-East Europe. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam-Brookfield, pp. 389e405. -Vodi r Ostravska a Macoun, J., Sibrava, V., Tyra cek, J., Kneblova ckov a, V., 1965. Kvarte Br Akademie Ve d, Praha, p. 420. Moravske any. Nakladatelství Ceskoslovensk e rekonstrukce kontinent ní Sluknovsk Nývlt, D., 2008. Paleogeograficka alního zaledne e pahorkatiny. Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, p. 103. Ph.D. thesis. Nývlt, D., Jankovsk a, V., Vísek, J., Franc u, E., Franc u, J., 2008. Deglacia cní faze prvního ho zaledne ní v Moravske bra ne . In: Roszkova , A., Vla s alske ciky, M., Ivanov, M. (Eds.), 14. KVARTER 2008, 14e15, Sborník Abstrakt, 27.11.2008, Brno. Nývlt, D., Engel, Z., Tyr a cek, J., 2011. Pleistocene glaciations of Czechia. In: Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P.L., Hughes, P.D. (Eds.), Quaternary Glaciations e Extent and Chronology. A Closer Look, Development in Quaternary Science, vol. 15. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 37e46. Salamon, T., 2015. Development of the topography-controlled Upper Odra ice lobe (Scandinavian ice sheet) in the fore-mountain area of southern Poland during the Saalian glaciation. Quat. Sci. Rev. 123, 1e15. Sibrava, V., 1967. Study on the Pleistocene of the glaciated and non-glaciated area of d, Antropozoikum A2, 7e38. the Bohemian Massif. Sbor. Geol. Ve Sibrava, V., 1972. Zur Stellung der Tschechoslowakei im Korelierungssystem des €ns in Europa. Sbor. Geol. Ve d, Antropozoikum A8, 1e128. Pleistoza Sibrava, V., 1986. Scandinavian glaciations in the Bohemian Massif and Carpathian Foredeep and their relationship to the extraglacial areas. Quat. Sci. Rev. 5, 381e386. Tausch, L. von, 1889. Bericht über die geologische Aufnahme der Umgebung von €hr.-Weisskirchen. Jb. K.-Ko €n. Geol. Reichsanst. 39, 405e416. Ma n lního zaledne ní v Moravske Tyra cek, J., 1961. Nove azory na rozsírení maxima ne . Prírodove d. Cas. bra Slez. 22, 247e254.
Tyra cek, J., 1963. On the problem of the parallelization of the continental and the Alpine glaciation on the territory of Czechoslovakia. In: Report of the VIth International Congress on Quaternary, Warsaw 1961. Geomorphological Section, vol. d III, pp. 375e384. Ło z. Tyra cek, J., 2011. Continental glaciation of the Moravian Gate (Czech Republic). J. Geol. Sci. Antropozoic 27, 39e49. Tyra cek, J., Havlí cek, P., 2009. The fluvial record in the Czech Republic: a review in the context of IGCP 518. Glob. Planet. Change 68, 311e325. Wisniewski, A., Badura, J., Salamon, T., Lewandowski, J., 2014. The alleged early czyce palaeolithic artefacts are in reality geofacts: a revision of the site of Kon Wielkie 4 in the Moravian Gate, south Poland. J. Archaeol. Sci. 52, 189e203.
Daniel Nývlt Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic E-mail address: [email protected].
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.001
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev
Correspondence
Comment on “Development of the topography-controlled Upper Odra ice lobe (Scandinavian ice sheet) in the fore-mountain area of southern Poland during the Saalian glaciation” by T. Salamon [Quat. Sci. Rev. 123 (2015) 1e15]
Salamon (2015) presented a glaciodynamic model of the evolution of the Upper Odra ice lobe of the Northern European Ice Sheet during the Saalian (Drenthe) glaciation. This is timely and welcomed paper, as it brings a dynamic conceptual model and emphasizes the topographic control of the ice sheet behaviour, which was very important for Middle Pleistocene ice sheet advances in Central European sector (e.g.; Nývlt, 2008; Nývlt et al., 2011). In this comment I only refer to the maximum extent of the Northern European Ice Sheet during the Saalian (Drenthe) maximum in the Central European sector. Salamon (2015) has presented an overview, which does not conform to numerous data originating from the Ostrava Basin and the Moravian Gate, the rz Basin and Głubczyce Plateau described area south of the Racibo in detail in his study. The Moravian Gate at the main European watershed between Odra and Danube river catchments is known as the area, where the Northern European Ice Sheet advanced farthest South since the pioneering works in the late 19th century (Tausch, 1889; Cammerlander, 1891). It was Jaroslav Tyra cek in the late 1950s cek, 1961), who has brought first rigid (Macoun et al., 1961; Tyra proofs for both Elsterian and Saalian ice sheets advances into the Moravian Gate. The comprehensive review with extended summary in German could be found in Macoun et al. (1965). The tills from the younger ice sheet advance into the Moravian Gate overlies at many places directly the sediments of the main cek, 1961, 2011; Nývlt et al., terrace of the Odra River (Tyra 2011). This concept has been presented to the international auditorium at the 6th INQUA meeting in Warszawa in 1961 (Tyra cek, 1963). The importance of the main river terrace as a stratigraphical marker differentiating Elsterian and Saalian glacial sediments in Central Europe has been discussed by Sibrava (1967, 1972, 1986), Tyra cek and Havlí cek (2009), or Nývlt et al. (2011). The extent of the ice sheet in Moravian Gate during the Saalian (Drenthe) was larger than during the Elsterian (Nývlt et al., 2011; Tyra cek, 2011). Glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine deposits overlying the main terrace sediments provide evidence that the Saalian (Drenthe) meltwaters drained through the Poruba Gate to the Be cva River, which forms a
DOI of original article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.05.033.
part of the Danube River catchment crossing thus the main Eu ropean watershed (Fig. 1; Tyra cek, 2011). Furthermore, the retreating proglacial glaciofluvial sands directly overlying the fluvial sediments of the main Odra fluvial terrace have been dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) at the Kunín site ~10 km from the main European watershed at 162.0 ± 9.4 ka (Nývlt et al., 2008, 2011). This age has been referred to by Wisniewski et al. (2014) when studying geological environment of an archaeological site in the northern part of the Ostrava Basin. This age clearly place the youngest ice sheet presence in the Moravian Gate to the Saalian (Drenthe) stage. Beside that, two prominent ridges of push moraines are preserved in the Opava Hills ¼ Opava Mountains by Salamon (2015). They originated by glaciomarginal disturbances of the Elsterian tills and glaciofluvial sand and gravel (Macoun, 1980). Both the southern ridge (the Hlu cín push moraine) and the northern ridge push moraine) developed during the Saalian (the Chuchelna lík, 1995). Ice(Drenthe) ice sheet advance (Macoun and Kra dammed lake and a prominent terminoglacial channel developed during the retreat phase between the two push moraine ridges draining the meltwater to the East (Macoun, 1982). These ridges represent clear glaciomarginal landforms associated with the Northern European ice sheet advance during the Saalian (Drenthe) (Nývlt et al., 2011). The Saalian (Drenthe) age of these landforms is supported by the morphostratigraphical correlation of the main cek and fluvial terraces of the Odra and Opava rivers (Tyra Havlí cek, 2009). This raises a question, which stage of Northern European Ice Sheet advance into the Central Europe has been reconstructed by Salamon (2015). New luminescence and/or exposure dating is needed to resolve this question.
References €hrisch-Schlesischen Cammerlander, C. von, 1891. Geologische Aufnahne in den Ma €n. Geol. Reichsanst. 40, 103e316. Sudeten. Jb. K.-Ko pahorkatiny v Macoun, J., 1980. Paleogeografický a stratigrafický vývoj Opavske nu. Casopis pleistoce Slez. Muzea, Rada A 29, 113e132 þ 193e222. pahorkatiny. In: Macoun, J., 1982. Geomorfologie glacigenních sediment u Opavske Konference. Univerzita Karlova, Praha, pp. 129e138. Geomorfologicka
184
Correspondence / Quaternary Science Reviews 133 (2016) 183e187
Fig. 1. The comparison of reconstructed Saalian (Drenthe) advance of the Northern European Ice Sheet at its Central European maximum presented by Nývlt et al. (2011) and Salamon (2015) with relevant geographical features and sites mentioned in the text.
nek, F., Sibrava, va o výzkumu Macoun, J., Hola V., Pokorný, M., Tyr a cek, J., 1961. Zpra ní br a mapova ctvrtohorních pokryvných útvar u Ostravska a Moravske any za rok 1960. Anthropozoikum 11, 221e239. Macoun, J., Kralík, F., 1995. Glacial history of the Czech Republic. In: Ehlers, J., Kozarski, S., Gibbard, P.L. (Eds.), Glacial Deposits in North-East Europe. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam-Brookfield, pp. 389e405. -Vodi r Ostravska a Macoun, J., Sibrava, V., Tyra cek, J., Kneblova ckov a, V., 1965. Kvarte Br Akademie Ve d, Praha, p. 420. Moravske any. Nakladatelství Ceskoslovensk e rekonstrukce kontinent ní Sluknovsk Nývlt, D., 2008. Paleogeograficka alního zaledne e pahorkatiny. Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, p. 103. Ph.D. thesis. Nývlt, D., Jankovsk a, V., Vísek, J., Franc u, E., Franc u, J., 2008. Deglacia cní faze prvního ho zaledne ní v Moravske bra ne . In: Roszkova , A., Vla s alske ciky, M., Ivanov, M. (Eds.), 14. KVARTER 2008, 14e15, Sborník Abstrakt, 27.11.2008, Brno. Nývlt, D., Engel, Z., Tyr a cek, J., 2011. Pleistocene glaciations of Czechia. In: Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P.L., Hughes, P.D. (Eds.), Quaternary Glaciations e Extent and Chronology. A Closer Look, Development in Quaternary Science, vol. 15. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 37e46. Salamon, T., 2015. Development of the topography-controlled Upper Odra ice lobe (Scandinavian ice sheet) in the fore-mountain area of southern Poland during the Saalian glaciation. Quat. Sci. Rev. 123, 1e15. Sibrava, V., 1967. Study on the Pleistocene of the glaciated and non-glaciated area of d, Antropozoikum A2, 7e38. the Bohemian Massif. Sbor. Geol. Ve Sibrava, V., 1972. Zur Stellung der Tschechoslowakei im Korelierungssystem des €ns in Europa. Sbor. Geol. Ve d, Antropozoikum A8, 1e128. Pleistoza Sibrava, V., 1986. Scandinavian glaciations in the Bohemian Massif and Carpathian Foredeep and their relationship to the extraglacial areas. Quat. Sci. Rev. 5, 381e386. Tausch, L. von, 1889. Bericht über die geologische Aufnahme der Umgebung von €hr.-Weisskirchen. Jb. K.-Ko €n. Geol. Reichsanst. 39, 405e416. Ma n lního zaledne ní v Moravske Tyra cek, J., 1961. Nove azory na rozsírení maxima ne . Prírodove d. Cas. bra Slez. 22, 247e254.
Tyra cek, J., 1963. On the problem of the parallelization of the continental and the Alpine glaciation on the territory of Czechoslovakia. In: Report of the VIth International Congress on Quaternary, Warsaw 1961. Geomorphological Section, vol. d III, pp. 375e384. Ło z. Tyra cek, J., 2011. Continental glaciation of the Moravian Gate (Czech Republic). J. Geol. Sci. Antropozoic 27, 39e49. Tyra cek, J., Havlí cek, P., 2009. The fluvial record in the Czech Republic: a review in the context of IGCP 518. Glob. Planet. Change 68, 311e325. Wisniewski, A., Badura, J., Salamon, T., Lewandowski, J., 2014. The alleged early czyce palaeolithic artefacts are in reality geofacts: a revision of the site of Kon Wielkie 4 in the Moravian Gate, south Poland. J. Archaeol. Sci. 52, 189e203.
Daniel Nývlt Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic E-mail address: [email protected].
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.001