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Commercial aluminum-zinc alloys
178
z\.'~A's c~m[ Comm~vtls. ' ,
[J. F , I . ,
h~ conclusion I wish to s t a t e t h a t it was d u e to t he court e sy of Messrs. W h i t e and 'l"aylor t h a t I have been a b l e to p r e s e n t to y o u this e venin~ the s t a t i s t i c s a n d steel chips o b t a i n e d at t h e ]~ethlehem Steel C o m p a n y .
C()M~ I I'.kCIAL AI,UMINUM--ZINC A I,LOVS. No alloys containing more zinc than ahlluilulni llave~,any specially valuable mechanical proF,erties, even the alloy of equal parts of both. The alloy A1---2, Z n -J, reaches a tensile strenf~th of 4o,ooo pounds per square inch, melts at 425 degrees centigrade, does not easily oxidize, and takes a fine finish. It closely resembles a high-carbon steel in character, and is the hardest and strongest of the AI-Zn series. Its specific gravity is 5"8. A contraction of ~7 per cent. takes place during alloyit~g. The a]loy A1--3, Z n - - I , is the most generally useful of the series. It is softer than the last, tensile strength, 35,ooo. It is not malleable, but yet not brittle, bending before breaking, ttence, castings may be straightened out. Specific g r a v i t y 3"4, contraction I4 per c e n t ; good casti13gs are viehted. W h e n made f r o m pure metals it is equal to finest brass in the lathe and u n d e r the drill and fire, Its color is equal to that of alumimml. It is used for scale beams, astronoulical instruments, light machine parts, testing machines, surgical appliances, etc. Below 2,5 per cent. zinc the strengths of tile alloys decrease rapidly. T h e I5 per cent. alloy can be rolled and d r a w n ; tensile s t r e n g t h 22,33 ° pounds per square i n c h . - The lf/ec/.roclzem/sl ~ t d _/llela/lu~'ff i.~f. A N E W ME'['IIOD 0t" A D U L T E R A T I N G W I N E . it has recently been ascertained that a peculiar m e t h o d of wine adulteration has come extensively into vogue in European wine-growing countries, and which involves the conversion by chemical means of red, into white wines. A French chemist, in the course of certain investigations upon t h e constituents of the ashes of certain wines, found present therein about o n e - h a l f of I per cent. of nlanganese protoxide per liter of wine. F u r t h e r investigation of the subject seems to have confirmed the suspicion that the investigator had to deal with a red wine which had been treated with animal charcoal (honeblack) anti potassium permanganate for t h e purpose of effecting its decotorization. It also was shown that this artifice had assumed large proportions among tile wine producers, since the public had b e g u n to show a preference for white wines, which consequently had increased in price. The following method of detecting this m e t h o d of adulteratio11 h a s been proposed. Ten cubic centimeters of white wine should be treated w i t h I to 2 cubic eentimetres of caustic soda solution, followed by i cubic centimeter of hydrogen dioxide. When these constituents are t h o r o u g h l y m i x e d , the liquid will instantaneously take on a m a h o g a n y - r e d color. In the ease that hydrogen dioxide is not available, the same reaction will occur, t h o u g h more slowly, by using in excess of caustic soda. W.
z\.'~A's c~m[ Comm~vtls. ' ,
[J. F , I . ,
h~ conclusion I wish to s t a t e t h a t it was d u e to t he court e sy of Messrs. W h i t e and 'l"aylor t h a t I have been a b l e to p r e s e n t to y o u this e venin~ the s t a t i s t i c s a n d steel chips o b t a i n e d at t h e ]~ethlehem Steel C o m p a n y .
C()M~ I I'.kCIAL AI,UMINUM--ZINC A I,LOVS. No alloys containing more zinc than ahlluilulni llave~,any specially valuable mechanical proF,erties, even the alloy of equal parts of both. The alloy A1---2, Z n -J, reaches a tensile strenf~th of 4o,ooo pounds per square inch, melts at 425 degrees centigrade, does not easily oxidize, and takes a fine finish. It closely resembles a high-carbon steel in character, and is the hardest and strongest of the AI-Zn series. Its specific gravity is 5"8. A contraction of ~7 per cent. takes place during alloyit~g. The a]loy A1--3, Z n - - I , is the most generally useful of the series. It is softer than the last, tensile strength, 35,ooo. It is not malleable, but yet not brittle, bending before breaking, ttence, castings may be straightened out. Specific g r a v i t y 3"4, contraction I4 per c e n t ; good casti13gs are viehted. W h e n made f r o m pure metals it is equal to finest brass in the lathe and u n d e r the drill and fire, Its color is equal to that of alumimml. It is used for scale beams, astronoulical instruments, light machine parts, testing machines, surgical appliances, etc. Below 2,5 per cent. zinc the strengths of tile alloys decrease rapidly. T h e I5 per cent. alloy can be rolled and d r a w n ; tensile s t r e n g t h 22,33 ° pounds per square i n c h . - The lf/ec/.roclzem/sl ~ t d _/llela/lu~'ff i.~f. A N E W ME'['IIOD 0t" A D U L T E R A T I N G W I N E . it has recently been ascertained that a peculiar m e t h o d of wine adulteration has come extensively into vogue in European wine-growing countries, and which involves the conversion by chemical means of red, into white wines. A French chemist, in the course of certain investigations upon t h e constituents of the ashes of certain wines, found present therein about o n e - h a l f of I per cent. of nlanganese protoxide per liter of wine. F u r t h e r investigation of the subject seems to have confirmed the suspicion that the investigator had to deal with a red wine which had been treated with animal charcoal (honeblack) anti potassium permanganate for t h e purpose of effecting its decotorization. It also was shown that this artifice had assumed large proportions among tile wine producers, since the public had b e g u n to show a preference for white wines, which consequently had increased in price. The following method of detecting this m e t h o d of adulteratio11 h a s been proposed. Ten cubic centimeters of white wine should be treated w i t h I to 2 cubic eentimetres of caustic soda solution, followed by i cubic centimeter of hydrogen dioxide. When these constituents are t h o r o u g h l y m i x e d , the liquid will instantaneously take on a m a h o g a n y - r e d color. In the ease that hydrogen dioxide is not available, the same reaction will occur, t h o u g h more slowly, by using in excess of caustic soda. W.