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Communications in high noise areas
centreline lights for the ground roll manoeuvre. Lighting in addition to this minimum requirement was superfluous. The increased lighting reduced the minimum visual range for a ' L A N D ' decision and acceptable flare and ground roll performance by approximately 30 m. The effect of a malfunction in the flare during an automatic landing was also investigated.
Divers noted their thermal comfort on a 7-point scale. Thermal comfort was significantly related to falls in core temperature. On many occasions, however, divers failed to appreciate that marked cooling had occurred. Reliance on a purely subjective assessment of thermal status is considered questionable in the much deeper and prolonged North Sea dives.
13.3.31 (81893)
Beck, W.C., Sehreekendgust, J., and Geffert, J. The colour of the surgeon's task light. Lighting Design and Application, Jul 1979, 9, 5 4 - 5 7 ; abstr in Lighting
Research and Technology. Recommendations for illuminant colour for surgery made by a Health Care Facilities Subcommittee of the American IES are embodied in a 5-sided polygon defining the limits of correlated colour temperature on the CIE chromaticity diagram. Recent studies are reported where the colour temperature of the operating table light could be varied but the illuminance kept constant. These indicated a preference for an illuminant with a colour temperature in the region of 5000 K.
Noise 13.3.32(81910)
Mather, A.E. Communications in high noise areas. In: Ergonomics in Practice, Proceedings
of the 1 7th Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Australia and New Zealand, Sydney, 2 7 - 2 8 Nov 1980, pp 1 6 7 - 1 7 1 . The provision of communications in high noise areas is discussed. The need is to provide normal voice communication, warning and evacuation signals, and training information. The design and testing of an inductive loop communication system for installation in heating protectors is described. Field tests showed the system to be successful, especially when used for receiving music in addition to other communications.
Thermal conditions 13.3.33 (81918) White, M. Thermal balance in divers. Lancet, Jun 1980, 1. 8182, 1362; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 80-1595). This letter to the Editor discusses the relation between b o d y temperature and subjective appreciation of it. Rectal temperature was measured every 5 min in 47 Antarctic divers, diving for 1 0 - 6 5 min at temperatures of +0-7 to - 1 . 9 ° C.
Specialised and protective clothing and equipment 13.3.34 (81943)
Freedman, K., and Humphreys, M.
where a house has more than one storey, giving freer access to all. parts of the home. Able-bodied people may also install them as an added convenience. Two standards, BS 5776 and BS 5900, covering powered versions were already available; BS 5965 on manually-driven models was published in Aug 1980, completing the series. It is worth noting that the DHSS has advised social services departments that orders for new stalrlifts should now conform to BS 5776, and they suggest that from I April 1981 orders for powered and manually-driven homelifts should accord with BS 5900 and BS 5965 respectively. The author relates the background to their preparation and describes the various types of lift covered, together with some of their advantages and applications.
Emergency release from two child restraints. In: Ergonomics in Practice,
Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Australia and New Zealand, Sydney,
Work organisation 13.3.36 (81961)
2 7 - 2 8 Nov 1980, pp 9 1 - 1 0 2 . The development of child restraint seats has naturally emphasised crash protection. The need to make the release mechanism child proof has been tackled from two different directions which are demonstrated in the two seats studied. The study was concerned with the problem that a child restraint which is difficult for a child to release may be difficult for adults to release in an emergency. Although this is undoubtedly a perceived problem, it is emphasised that in practice it is rarely a safety problem. Measurements were taken of the time it t o o k adult rescuers to release occupants from two different child seat systems under controlled conditions. Video tape records allowed for detailed examination of the release procedure used by each subject and of any problems encountered with the systems used. Several variables were examined for their effects on release time: sex of rescuer; type of occupant (dummy/child); age of occupant (6 months/3 years); familiarity with child restraint system; familiarity with child; and lighting levels. Results are discussed with respect to release problems with particular systems and quick release testing procedures to be incorporated in Australian Standard 1 7 5 4 - 1 9 7 5 . 13.3.35 (81944)
Platt, S.M.K. Lightening the lot of the disabled three new Standards for stairlifts and homelifts. BSI News, Aug 1980, pp 13-14. For the infirm or disabled, stairlifts can enormously improve mobility
Helmersson, B. Employees plan work environment.
Quality of Working Life, The Canadian Scene, 1980, 3.2, 8 - 1 1 ; abstr in Work Research Unit, Information System A bstracts. In the autumn of 1977, production began at the Braviken paper mill outside Norrkoping an industrial city on Sweden's Baltic Coast of Stockholm. During the two years it t o o k to build the factory, the employees took an active part in planning its working environment. This article reports on the continuing task of improving the working environment.
13.3.37 (81975)
Lisper, H.O., and Eriksson, B. Effects of the length of a rest break and food intake on subsidiary reaction-time performance in an 8-hour driving task. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1979, 65. 1, 1 1 7 - 1 2 2 . An attempt to counteract performance decrement in prolonged car driving was undertaken. Each subject on four occasions drove for 8 h, with a rest break after 4 h. Two rest break factors were considered: food (food/no food) and duration of the break (15 and 60 min). During driving, a subsidary reaction-time (RT) task was used as an indirect measure of driving performance. The results showed that food had a positive effect on RT performance, but there was no difference in performance between a rest break of 15 and 60 min. F o o d resulted in less deterioration in RT performance as a function of time on task, but there was no recovery in RT performance immediately after the rest break.
Applied Ergonomics September 1982
229
Divers noted their thermal comfort on a 7-point scale. Thermal comfort was significantly related to falls in core temperature. On many occasions, however, divers failed to appreciate that marked cooling had occurred. Reliance on a purely subjective assessment of thermal status is considered questionable in the much deeper and prolonged North Sea dives.
13.3.31 (81893)
Beck, W.C., Sehreekendgust, J., and Geffert, J. The colour of the surgeon's task light. Lighting Design and Application, Jul 1979, 9, 5 4 - 5 7 ; abstr in Lighting
Research and Technology. Recommendations for illuminant colour for surgery made by a Health Care Facilities Subcommittee of the American IES are embodied in a 5-sided polygon defining the limits of correlated colour temperature on the CIE chromaticity diagram. Recent studies are reported where the colour temperature of the operating table light could be varied but the illuminance kept constant. These indicated a preference for an illuminant with a colour temperature in the region of 5000 K.
Noise 13.3.32(81910)
Mather, A.E. Communications in high noise areas. In: Ergonomics in Practice, Proceedings
of the 1 7th Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Australia and New Zealand, Sydney, 2 7 - 2 8 Nov 1980, pp 1 6 7 - 1 7 1 . The provision of communications in high noise areas is discussed. The need is to provide normal voice communication, warning and evacuation signals, and training information. The design and testing of an inductive loop communication system for installation in heating protectors is described. Field tests showed the system to be successful, especially when used for receiving music in addition to other communications.
Thermal conditions 13.3.33 (81918) White, M. Thermal balance in divers. Lancet, Jun 1980, 1. 8182, 1362; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 80-1595). This letter to the Editor discusses the relation between b o d y temperature and subjective appreciation of it. Rectal temperature was measured every 5 min in 47 Antarctic divers, diving for 1 0 - 6 5 min at temperatures of +0-7 to - 1 . 9 ° C.
Specialised and protective clothing and equipment 13.3.34 (81943)
Freedman, K., and Humphreys, M.
where a house has more than one storey, giving freer access to all. parts of the home. Able-bodied people may also install them as an added convenience. Two standards, BS 5776 and BS 5900, covering powered versions were already available; BS 5965 on manually-driven models was published in Aug 1980, completing the series. It is worth noting that the DHSS has advised social services departments that orders for new stalrlifts should now conform to BS 5776, and they suggest that from I April 1981 orders for powered and manually-driven homelifts should accord with BS 5900 and BS 5965 respectively. The author relates the background to their preparation and describes the various types of lift covered, together with some of their advantages and applications.
Emergency release from two child restraints. In: Ergonomics in Practice,
Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Australia and New Zealand, Sydney,
Work organisation 13.3.36 (81961)
2 7 - 2 8 Nov 1980, pp 9 1 - 1 0 2 . The development of child restraint seats has naturally emphasised crash protection. The need to make the release mechanism child proof has been tackled from two different directions which are demonstrated in the two seats studied. The study was concerned with the problem that a child restraint which is difficult for a child to release may be difficult for adults to release in an emergency. Although this is undoubtedly a perceived problem, it is emphasised that in practice it is rarely a safety problem. Measurements were taken of the time it t o o k adult rescuers to release occupants from two different child seat systems under controlled conditions. Video tape records allowed for detailed examination of the release procedure used by each subject and of any problems encountered with the systems used. Several variables were examined for their effects on release time: sex of rescuer; type of occupant (dummy/child); age of occupant (6 months/3 years); familiarity with child restraint system; familiarity with child; and lighting levels. Results are discussed with respect to release problems with particular systems and quick release testing procedures to be incorporated in Australian Standard 1 7 5 4 - 1 9 7 5 . 13.3.35 (81944)
Platt, S.M.K. Lightening the lot of the disabled three new Standards for stairlifts and homelifts. BSI News, Aug 1980, pp 13-14. For the infirm or disabled, stairlifts can enormously improve mobility
Helmersson, B. Employees plan work environment.
Quality of Working Life, The Canadian Scene, 1980, 3.2, 8 - 1 1 ; abstr in Work Research Unit, Information System A bstracts. In the autumn of 1977, production began at the Braviken paper mill outside Norrkoping an industrial city on Sweden's Baltic Coast of Stockholm. During the two years it t o o k to build the factory, the employees took an active part in planning its working environment. This article reports on the continuing task of improving the working environment.
13.3.37 (81975)
Lisper, H.O., and Eriksson, B. Effects of the length of a rest break and food intake on subsidiary reaction-time performance in an 8-hour driving task. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1979, 65. 1, 1 1 7 - 1 2 2 . An attempt to counteract performance decrement in prolonged car driving was undertaken. Each subject on four occasions drove for 8 h, with a rest break after 4 h. Two rest break factors were considered: food (food/no food) and duration of the break (15 and 60 min). During driving, a subsidary reaction-time (RT) task was used as an indirect measure of driving performance. The results showed that food had a positive effect on RT performance, but there was no difference in performance between a rest break of 15 and 60 min. F o o d resulted in less deterioration in RT performance as a function of time on task, but there was no recovery in RT performance immediately after the rest break.
Applied Ergonomics September 1982
229