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Comparative lethality of tissue extracts from the Malaysian puffer fishes, Lagocephalus lunaris lunaris, L.l. spadiceus and Arothron stellatus
Abstracts for Card Indexes
313
Purification of sea nettle nematocyst toxins by gel diffusion : J. W. ButzNE~l-r and G. J. CALTON, Toxicon, 1973, 11, 243 . (Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.) Abstract-Sea nettle nematocysts were separated from tentacular debris by zone] centrifugation . The nematocyst fluid was separated into twenty-five lethal components and one additional fraction which was capable of rupturing lysosomes.
Comparative lethality of tissue extracts from the Malaysian puffer fishes, Lagocephalus Iwwris Itmaris, L.1. spadiceus and Arothron stellatus: P. Y. BEttxY and A. Aztz slrt HAS3AN, Toxicon, 1973, 11, 249 . (School of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .) Abstract-The lethality of extracts obtained from the muscle, liver, intestine, skin and gonads of specimens of La~gocephalus luxtvis lunaris, L.1. spadiceus and Arothron stellatus collected at Penang and Port Swettenham is reported. L . l. lunaris and A. stellatus from Penang possessed skin, muscle, intestine, liver and gonads which were lethal to mice. A. stellatus from Port Swettenham, however, had only gonads which were lethal whereas the tissues of L . h spadiceus were not lethal . Ovaries of A. ste/latus with large oonspiwous eggs were more toxic than ovaries with small eggs .
Respiratory arrhythmias produced by purified scorpion toxin : L. FxrmtE-MAIA, A. D. AzEVtmo and V. P. CosrA VAL, Toxicon, 1973, 11, 255 . (Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, C.P. 2486-Belo Horizonte, Brazil .) Abstract-Bilateral section of vagi nerves and dmervation of carotid bodies prevented the gasping, ataxic and periodic respirations produced by purified scorpion toxin (7ifttyus semrlatus) in the rat . The apnea recorded in intact rats after toxin in~joction was of long duration in comparison with that observed in denervated animals. Bilateral vagotomy abolished the apnea observed between gasping respirations. It is concluded that the respiratory arrhythmias produced by scorpion toxin in the rat are mainly due to stimulation of peripheral reocptors and are, therefore, reflex in nature .
Midgut gland toxins of Hawaiian sea. hares-I . Isolation and preliminary tôxicological observations : MICxA>~ . WATSOx, Toxicon, 1973, 11, 259 . (Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A .). Abehad-Two separate lethal extracts, termed the ether-aolubk toxin and water~oluble taudn, were obtained from the midgut glands of the Hawaiian ~ea hares i)ola6tlta aurfallarta, Aplystapulrrwnica, Stylochellus longlcauda and Dolabr~fera ~Iabrjfera (Molluscs, Gastropods, Aplysüdae) . Extracts from a filth species, .lplysta fultarra, were nonkthal . Homogenized glands were extracted with acetone, followed by partitioning between diethyl ether and distflled water. The ether-soluble fraction was chromatographed on a silidc add column, while the wateasolubk material was extracted further with 1-bolero]. BoW extracts appeared to be unaffected by brief exposure to temperatures up to 90-C, as well as to recurrent freezing and thawing over periods exceeding two years. Both were most effective at pH 2 to 7, and inactive above pH 8. Neither raw glands nor their extracts were orally toxic to mice, but both ether- and water-soluble fractions displayed potent effects following intraperitoneal ia~ioction . Signs following ir{jection of the ether-soluble toxin included irritability, viciouaneas and severe flacdd paralysis. The wates~oluble toxin, in contrast, caused convulsions and respiratory distress. 71Dd7CON 1973 Yob II.
313
Purification of sea nettle nematocyst toxins by gel diffusion : J. W. ButzNE~l-r and G. J. CALTON, Toxicon, 1973, 11, 243 . (Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.) Abstract-Sea nettle nematocysts were separated from tentacular debris by zone] centrifugation . The nematocyst fluid was separated into twenty-five lethal components and one additional fraction which was capable of rupturing lysosomes.
Comparative lethality of tissue extracts from the Malaysian puffer fishes, Lagocephalus Iwwris Itmaris, L.1. spadiceus and Arothron stellatus: P. Y. BEttxY and A. Aztz slrt HAS3AN, Toxicon, 1973, 11, 249 . (School of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .) Abstract-The lethality of extracts obtained from the muscle, liver, intestine, skin and gonads of specimens of La~gocephalus luxtvis lunaris, L.1. spadiceus and Arothron stellatus collected at Penang and Port Swettenham is reported. L . l. lunaris and A. stellatus from Penang possessed skin, muscle, intestine, liver and gonads which were lethal to mice. A. stellatus from Port Swettenham, however, had only gonads which were lethal whereas the tissues of L . h spadiceus were not lethal . Ovaries of A. ste/latus with large oonspiwous eggs were more toxic than ovaries with small eggs .
Respiratory arrhythmias produced by purified scorpion toxin : L. FxrmtE-MAIA, A. D. AzEVtmo and V. P. CosrA VAL, Toxicon, 1973, 11, 255 . (Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, C.P. 2486-Belo Horizonte, Brazil .) Abstract-Bilateral section of vagi nerves and dmervation of carotid bodies prevented the gasping, ataxic and periodic respirations produced by purified scorpion toxin (7ifttyus semrlatus) in the rat . The apnea recorded in intact rats after toxin in~joction was of long duration in comparison with that observed in denervated animals. Bilateral vagotomy abolished the apnea observed between gasping respirations. It is concluded that the respiratory arrhythmias produced by scorpion toxin in the rat are mainly due to stimulation of peripheral reocptors and are, therefore, reflex in nature .
Midgut gland toxins of Hawaiian sea. hares-I . Isolation and preliminary tôxicological observations : MICxA>~ . WATSOx, Toxicon, 1973, 11, 259 . (Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A .). Abehad-Two separate lethal extracts, termed the ether-aolubk toxin and water~oluble taudn, were obtained from the midgut glands of the Hawaiian ~ea hares i)ola6tlta aurfallarta, Aplystapulrrwnica, Stylochellus longlcauda and Dolabr~fera ~Iabrjfera (Molluscs, Gastropods, Aplysüdae) . Extracts from a filth species, .lplysta fultarra, were nonkthal . Homogenized glands were extracted with acetone, followed by partitioning between diethyl ether and distflled water. The ether-soluble fraction was chromatographed on a silidc add column, while the wateasolubk material was extracted further with 1-bolero]. BoW extracts appeared to be unaffected by brief exposure to temperatures up to 90-C, as well as to recurrent freezing and thawing over periods exceeding two years. Both were most effective at pH 2 to 7, and inactive above pH 8. Neither raw glands nor their extracts were orally toxic to mice, but both ether- and water-soluble fractions displayed potent effects following intraperitoneal ia~ioction . Signs following ir{jection of the ether-soluble toxin included irritability, viciouaneas and severe flacdd paralysis. The wates~oluble toxin, in contrast, caused convulsions and respiratory distress. 71Dd7CON 1973 Yob II.