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Comparative toxicity of TCDD contaminated soil from Times Beach, Missouri, and Newark, New Jersey
Chemosphere, VoI.15, Nos.9-12, P r i n t e d in Great Britain
pp 2121-2124,
C O M P A R A T I V E T O X I C I T Y OF TCDD C O N T A M I N A T E D BEACH, MISSOURI, AND NEWARK, NEW JERSEY. Thomas Dept.
H. Umbreit,
Elizabeth
Environmental
Medicine
and
and Dentistry
Pis ca taway,
NJ
J. Hesse,
Community
1986
SOIL
0 0 4 5 - 6 5 3 5 / 8 6 $3.00 + .OO P e r g a m o n Journals Ltd.
FROM TIMES
and Michael
Medicine,
of New Jersey,
A. Oallo'.
University
Rutgers
Medical
of School,
08854.
ABSTRACT
Conflicting toxicity direct
results
of soils
slightly with
Two groups for
autopsled the
Times
toxic
after
second
Beach
typical
These
soil
varies
between
Newark
sites,
60 days to guinea
soil was much
and
that TCDD
human hazard
materials.
(Supported
#CR812114-01-0).
2121
from
by garage
dose
occurred,
treatment.
The
pigs and produced less
content
toxic
the
to guinea
of TCDD from a l o n e may
contaminated
by USEPA
and were
and
to TCDD
that h i o a v a i l a b i l i t y
potential
and
appropriate
a single
after
a
Missouri,
toxic
treated
sacrificed
attributable
toxic
indicate
pigs were
pigs r e c e i v e d
death
as highly
ug/kg and with
group was
sacrificed
was highly
syndrome;
of
One
Times Beach,
reported
Guinea
the
sites. We h a v e made
two sites:
at 1-10
of guinea
the first
results
environmental agreement
soils
signs.
when e x a m i n i n g
contaminated from
previously
group was
soll
TCDD
pigs.
indicative
TCDD
respectively.
contaminated
controls.
been obtained
of soils
New Jersey;
toxic,
TCDD
observed
and
from
comparison
and Newark,
have
cooperative
not
be
2122
INTRODUCTION: of
TCDD
the m o s t
sensitive result the
toxic
species,
body
weight
induction) a single
and
loss
lethal
contamination (Seveso, soils
Beach,
soil
showed
little these
reported
tested
under
METHODS:
site
E. E.
McConnell Rappe's to
et
al
contain
2.2
chlorinated
as
Guinea sions
to 2.9
dioxins
was
pigs w e r e
ppm
adjusted
observed TCDD,
and a n i m a l s
ment. nodes,
Autopsy liver,
single The
the
per
sex
animals surviving
included lungs,
kidneys,
and
cause
death.
of
ppb
Beach
that
toxic
as
(Umbreit
and
TCDD
the
etal,
Newark,
NJ,
Because
Newark
the New J e r s e y
had of
soils
were
Beach
soil
of
was
and
a total
doses
Specimens
until
of
C.
and f o u n d
fifty
by M c C o n n e l l
of 10%
administered dose.
the
the of
other of
ca.
et al
tract
pigs
death
thymus,
in order tissues
were
sacriflced
to and
of the e x p e r i of the e x p e r i -
mesenteric
spleen,
suspenanimal
attributable
course
termination
soil
to e a c h
group were the
heart,
selected
Guinea
first
during
examination
gastro-intestlnal
by
in Dr.
Sweden, over
donated
tested
oonoentratlon
by g a v a g e
treatment
musculature,
kindly
analyzed
of Umea,
volume
dying
of
2,3,7,8-TCDD.
After
per
was
previously
soll
with
Dept.
a 2,4,5-T manufacturing
the soil
desired
up to 60 days.
as w e r e
occurred
showed
as
from
moll was reported
(5%).
to o b t a i n
two a n i m a l s
autopsled ment
for
have
to TCDD.
of 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - T C D D
furans
770
given
Acacia
Times
The N e w a r k
and
containing
in gum
from
the U n i v e r s i t y
25 ppm.. T h e T i m e s B e a c h (1984)
by
and w a s
and w a s
(198~). at
after
of T C D D - e o n t a m l n a t e d
(1984)
soils
supplied
1985).
McConnell,
laboratory
3 to 4 w e e k s
studies
Times
enzyme
conditions.
was
etal,
within
be a t t r i b u t e d both
can of
immunodeficlency,
nearly
Our
contaminated could
Protection
(Umbreit
by Dr.
was
TCDD.
third
of e n v i r o n m e n t a l
et al
Times Beach pure
TODD
soil
The
exposures
by h e p a t i c
toxicity
identical
Newark
occurrs
incidents
McConnell
differences
Environmental
atrophy,
one
the m o s t
of up to one
Newark).
of
that
and a c u t e
(accompanied
fat
is
pig,
human exposures
from
that
toxicity
guinea
to p o t e n t i a l
studied.
concentration
1985)
body
Several
leading
been
contaminated
of
the
loss
Thymio
increase
dose.
Times
has
with
death.
weight
In
is
syndrome"
before
liver
known.
the LD50
in a " w a s t i n g
relative
same
(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) compounds
lymph
adrenals,
to d e t e r m i n e have
been
the
preserved.
2123
RESULTS:
Table
death
for
cause
to death
signs
of T C D D
pneumonia,
on the
cultures and
Strentococcus
our
group
this
in
the
et al
and m e t h o d results
present,
not
in the
compounds
soil,
should
of
imply
for
risk
solely
matrices
soil.
of
on the
TCDD
require
soil,
these
affect
by
reasons
for
soils differences
TCDD
binding
to
soils.
of a c o n t a m i n a t e d
site
of TCDD c o n t a m i n a t i o n
bioavailabillty
serious
were
and
Possible
to the
level
The soil
presented
the soils,
assessments
dying
toxic.
previously
that m i g h t
controlling
pigs as
of T i m e s B e a c h
of T C D D from
of
included
causes.
of g u i n e a
the N e w a r k
composition
application
that f a c t o r s
other
those
Times Beach
present
that
be based
and
1985)
for
causes
identified
less
to
and c l a s s i c
bronchisentica.
dose
was much
support
al,
were
Bordatella
in b i o a v a i l a b i l i t y
differences other
or
et
(1984)
other
the l u n g s
present
the h i g h e s t
results
of as
undeterminable
taken from
soil
cause
classified
observations,
from
and
species
and
(Umbreit
These
soil
were
the N e w a r k
difference
include
Deaths
and a p p a r e n t
pigs w e r e
of a u t o p s y
and
These
to d e a t h Guinea
fibrosis,
the
soil
whereas
McConnell
basis
~
recontaminated
DISCUSSION:
time pigs.
intoxication.
pneumonia,
toxic
guinea
abdominal
Bacterial of
I presents
treated
from
the
consideration.
References:
I. M c C o n n e l l , Harvan,
E.E.,
J.R. H a a s ,
bioavailability
G.W. L u c l e r ,
and
after
R.C.
M.W. H a r r i s . ingestion
Rumbaugh,
1984.
Dioxin
by rats and
P.W. in
guinea
Albro,
n.J.
soil: pigs.
Science
223: I 077-79.
2. U m b r e i t , of T C D D
T.H., D. P a t e l ,
contaminated
14:945-947.
soil
and from
M.A.
Gallo.
an industrial
1985.
Acute
site.
toxicity
Chemosphere
2124
Table
I. Time
Contaminated
and
Cause
of D e a t h
of G u i n e a
Pigs
TCDD ug/kg
TCDD
deaths
#
time
Other
soil
Newark
~eeont
Recont
which
TCDD w a s
heal thy
(days)
0
0
-
5
35.5+6.6
13
3
0
-
6
22.8+1 5.2
12
5
I
9
6
29.0+8.7
13
1
57
8
22.8+15.4
I
2
58
3
33.6
14 12
3
1
7
22.3+4.2
8
14.3+2.3
3
17.0
3
6
19
9.8+3.2
I
7
0
soil
= recontaminated
added.
had
29
9
10 soll
Notes:
Sacrificed
time
10 Beach
hydrocarbons
TCDD
Deaths
#
(days)
Times
Wltb
Soils.
Treatment
De c o n t
Treated
Decont
soil
been r e m o v e d .
soil, -- soil
which was from w h i c h
clean
soll
chlorinated
to
pp 2121-2124,
C O M P A R A T I V E T O X I C I T Y OF TCDD C O N T A M I N A T E D BEACH, MISSOURI, AND NEWARK, NEW JERSEY. Thomas Dept.
H. Umbreit,
Elizabeth
Environmental
Medicine
and
and Dentistry
Pis ca taway,
NJ
J. Hesse,
Community
1986
SOIL
0 0 4 5 - 6 5 3 5 / 8 6 $3.00 + .OO P e r g a m o n Journals Ltd.
FROM TIMES
and Michael
Medicine,
of New Jersey,
A. Oallo'.
University
Rutgers
Medical
of School,
08854.
ABSTRACT
Conflicting toxicity direct
results
of soils
slightly with
Two groups for
autopsled the
Times
toxic
after
second
Beach
typical
These
soil
varies
between
Newark
sites,
60 days to guinea
soil was much
and
that TCDD
human hazard
materials.
(Supported
#CR812114-01-0).
2121
from
by garage
dose
occurred,
treatment.
The
pigs and produced less
content
toxic
the
to guinea
of TCDD from a l o n e may
contaminated
by USEPA
and were
and
to TCDD
that h i o a v a i l a b i l i t y
potential
and
appropriate
a single
after
a
Missouri,
toxic
treated
sacrificed
attributable
toxic
indicate
pigs were
pigs r e c e i v e d
death
as highly
ug/kg and with
group was
sacrificed
was highly
syndrome;
of
One
Times Beach,
reported
Guinea
the
sites. We h a v e made
two sites:
at 1-10
of guinea
the first
results
environmental agreement
soils
signs.
when e x a m i n i n g
contaminated from
previously
group was
soll
TCDD
pigs.
indicative
TCDD
respectively.
contaminated
controls.
been obtained
of soils
New Jersey;
toxic,
TCDD
observed
and
from
comparison
and Newark,
have
cooperative
not
be
2122
INTRODUCTION: of
TCDD
the m o s t
sensitive result the
toxic
species,
body
weight
induction) a single
and
loss
lethal
contamination (Seveso, soils
Beach,
soil
showed
little these
reported
tested
under
METHODS:
site
E. E.
McConnell Rappe's to
et
al
contain
2.2
chlorinated
as
Guinea sions
to 2.9
dioxins
was
pigs w e r e
ppm
adjusted
observed TCDD,
and a n i m a l s
ment. nodes,
Autopsy liver,
single The
the
per
sex
animals surviving
included lungs,
kidneys,
and
cause
death.
of
ppb
Beach
that
toxic
as
(Umbreit
and
TCDD
the
etal,
Newark,
NJ,
Because
Newark
the New J e r s e y
had of
soils
were
Beach
soil
of
was
and
a total
doses
Specimens
until
of
C.
and f o u n d
fifty
by M c C o n n e l l
of 10%
administered dose.
the
the of
other of
ca.
et al
tract
pigs
death
thymus,
in order tissues
were
sacriflced
to and
of the e x p e r i of the e x p e r i -
mesenteric
spleen,
suspenanimal
attributable
course
termination
soil
to e a c h
group were the
heart,
selected
Guinea
first
during
examination
gastro-intestlnal
by
in Dr.
Sweden, over
donated
tested
oonoentratlon
by g a v a g e
treatment
musculature,
kindly
analyzed
of Umea,
volume
dying
of
2,3,7,8-TCDD.
After
per
was
previously
soll
with
Dept.
a 2,4,5-T manufacturing
the soil
desired
up to 60 days.
as w e r e
occurred
showed
as
from
moll was reported
(5%).
to o b t a i n
two a n i m a l s
autopsled ment
for
have
to TCDD.
of 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - T C D D
furans
770
given
Acacia
Times
The N e w a r k
and
containing
in gum
from
the U n i v e r s i t y
25 ppm.. T h e T i m e s B e a c h (1984)
by
and w a s
and w a s
(198~). at
after
of T C D D - e o n t a m l n a t e d
(1984)
soils
supplied
1985).
McConnell,
laboratory
3 to 4 w e e k s
studies
Times
enzyme
conditions.
was
etal,
within
be a t t r i b u t e d both
can of
immunodeficlency,
nearly
Our
contaminated could
Protection
(Umbreit
by Dr.
was
TCDD.
third
of e n v i r o n m e n t a l
et al
Times Beach pure
TODD
soil
The
exposures
by h e p a t i c
toxicity
identical
Newark
occurrs
incidents
McConnell
differences
Environmental
atrophy,
one
the m o s t
of up to one
Newark).
of
that
and a c u t e
(accompanied
fat
is
pig,
human exposures
from
that
toxicity
guinea
to p o t e n t i a l
studied.
concentration
1985)
body
Several
leading
been
contaminated
of
the
loss
Thymio
increase
dose.
Times
has
with
death.
weight
In
is
syndrome"
before
liver
known.
the LD50
in a " w a s t i n g
relative
same
(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) compounds
lymph
adrenals,
to d e t e r m i n e have
been
the
preserved.
2123
RESULTS:
Table
death
for
cause
to death
signs
of T C D D
pneumonia,
on the
cultures and
Strentococcus
our
group
this
in
the
et al
and m e t h o d results
present,
not
in the
compounds
soil,
should
of
imply
for
risk
solely
matrices
soil.
of
on the
TCDD
require
soil,
these
affect
by
reasons
for
soils differences
TCDD
binding
to
soils.
of a c o n t a m i n a t e d
site
of TCDD c o n t a m i n a t i o n
bioavailabillty
serious
were
and
Possible
to the
level
The soil
presented
the soils,
assessments
dying
toxic.
previously
that m i g h t
controlling
pigs as
of T i m e s B e a c h
of T C D D from
of
included
causes.
of g u i n e a
the N e w a r k
composition
application
that f a c t o r s
other
those
Times Beach
present
that
be based
and
1985)
for
causes
identified
less
to
and c l a s s i c
bronchisentica.
dose
was much
support
al,
were
Bordatella
in b i o a v a i l a b i l i t y
differences other
or
et
(1984)
other
the l u n g s
present
the h i g h e s t
results
of as
undeterminable
taken from
soil
cause
classified
observations,
from
and
species
and
(Umbreit
These
soil
were
the N e w a r k
difference
include
Deaths
and a p p a r e n t
pigs w e r e
of a u t o p s y
and
These
to d e a t h Guinea
fibrosis,
the
soil
whereas
McConnell
basis
~
recontaminated
DISCUSSION:
time pigs.
intoxication.
pneumonia,
toxic
guinea
abdominal
Bacterial of
I presents
treated
from
the
consideration.
References:
I. M c C o n n e l l , Harvan,
E.E.,
J.R. H a a s ,
bioavailability
G.W. L u c l e r ,
and
after
R.C.
M.W. H a r r i s . ingestion
Rumbaugh,
1984.
Dioxin
by rats and
P.W. in
guinea
Albro,
n.J.
soil: pigs.
Science
223: I 077-79.
2. U m b r e i t , of T C D D
T.H., D. P a t e l ,
contaminated
14:945-947.
soil
and from
M.A.
Gallo.
an industrial
1985.
Acute
site.
toxicity
Chemosphere
2124
Table
I. Time
Contaminated
and
Cause
of D e a t h
of G u i n e a
Pigs
TCDD ug/kg
TCDD
deaths
#
time
Other
soil
Newark
~eeont
Recont
which
TCDD w a s
heal thy
(days)
0
0
-
5
35.5+6.6
13
3
0
-
6
22.8+1 5.2
12
5
I
9
6
29.0+8.7
13
1
57
8
22.8+15.4
I
2
58
3
33.6
14 12
3
1
7
22.3+4.2
8
14.3+2.3
3
17.0
3
6
19
9.8+3.2
I
7
0
soil
= recontaminated
added.
had
29
9
10 soll
Notes:
Sacrificed
time
10 Beach
hydrocarbons
TCDD
Deaths
#
(days)
Times
Wltb
Soils.
Treatment
De c o n t
Treated
Decont
soil
been r e m o v e d .
soil, -- soil
which was from w h i c h
clean
soll
chlorinated
to